《定軍山》又名《取(qu)東川》《一戰(zhan)成功(gong)》,京劇(ju)傳(chuan)統劇(ju)目(mu)。取(qu)材于《三國演義》,大(da)體與清宮(gong)廷大(da)戲(xi)(xi)《鼎峙春秋》中的(de)內容相仿。劇(ju)本由(you)譚富(fu)英、陶君(jun)起整理,寶文(wen)堂出版。有《戲(xi)(xi)考(kao)》《戲(xi)(xi)學匯考(kao)》《戲(xi)(xi)典》《修訂平劇(ju)選》《戲(xi)(xi)學指(zhi)南》《名伶京劇(ju)大(da)觀》《京劇(ju)從刊》等刊本。除京劇(ju)外,漢劇(ju)、川劇(ju)、微劇(ju)、秦(qin)腔、晉劇(ju)、粵(yue)劇(ju)、滇劇(ju)、同(tong)州梆子河北梆子等劇(ju)種均(jun)有該劇(ju)目(mu)。
該(gai)劇目講述了三國時期(qi),魏蜀交戰,曹操遣大將(jiang)張頜攻打葭(jia)萌關,張敗走定軍(jun)山(shan),投奔(ben)夏侯(hou)淵(yuan)(yuan)。諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)用激(ji)將(jiang)法使(shi)黃忠(zhong)立下軍(jun)令狀,發誓(shi)十日(ri)內(nei)攻下定軍(jun)山(shan)。兩軍(jun)交戰中,黃忠(zhong)生擒夏侯(hou)淵(yuan)(yuan)之侄夏侯(hou)尚(shang),并用其換取部將(jiang)陳(chen)式。在走馬換將(jiang)之際,黃忠(zhong)將(jiang)夏侯(hou)尚(shang)射死,激(ji)夏侯(hou)淵(yuan)(yuan)出陣較量(liang),并施展拖(tuo)刀計(ji),斬(zhan)殺夏侯(hou)淵(yuan)(yuan),奪取定軍(jun)山(shan)。
諸葛(ge)亮一生用(yong)兵(bing)(bing),善(shan)用(yong)激(ji)(ji)(ji)將(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。建安二十三年(nian),魏(wei)將(jiang)張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)犯葭萌關(guan)(guan),守將(jiang)霍峻申報乞救(jiu)。諸葛(ge)亮又用(yong)此(ci)法,佯(yang)言(yan)欲向閬中調取(qu)張(zhang)飛往(wang)敵,并力夸張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)乃(nai)魏(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名將(jiang),斷非(fei)張(zhang)飛不可(ke),以(yi)(yi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)眾心(xin)。時黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)年(nian)雖老,然心(xin)雄萬夫,竟為諸葛(ge)亮所激(ji)(ji)(ji)動,即(ji)在(zai)帳前(qian)輪刀(dao)開(kai)弓(gong),以(yi)(yi)示勇力。銳身自任,愿往(wang)破張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he),并舉老將(jiang)嚴顏為副。諸葛(ge)亮知(zhi)二人(ren)智勇兼(jian)全,本自可(ke)用(yong),遂遣(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既赴救(jiu)。張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)欺二將(jiang)皆老邁,易(yi)視之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不意黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)始用(yong)驕兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計(ji),連(lian)次佯(yang)敗(bai),卒于(yu)一夜(ye)突出(chu)襲(xi)殺,大(da)敗(bai)張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)軍(jun)(jun),直逼漢水。張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚等,只得退奔天蕩(dang)(dang)山(shan)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)德處。蓋天蕩(dang)(dang)、米倉兩山(shan),系魏(wei)兵(bing)(bing)屯糧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要隘(ai)也。詎(ju)張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚等才至(zhi)未幾,黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)已引軍(jun)(jun)追及,鼓噪而進(jin)。蓋黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)預遣(qian)(qian)嚴顏抄出(chu)山(shan)后,在(zai)前(qian)燒(shao)屯接(jie)應。故(gu)能一戰而克天蕩(dang)(dang)。斬夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)德,兵(bing)(bing)勢如破竹也。既得天蕩(dang)(dang),諸葛(ge)亮即(ji)偕(xie)劉(liu)備,舉兵(bing)(bing)十萬,進(jin)駐葭萌。擬乘(cheng)勝直圖漢中。諸葛(ge)亮知(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)軍(jun)(jun)威方振,余(yu)勇可(ke)賈,尤可(ke)用(yong)也。乃(nai)下(xia)令欲取(qu)定(ding)(ding)軍(jun)(jun)山(shan),且言(yan)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)非(fei)張(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比,復以(yi)(yi)調回關(guan)(guan)羽一語(yu)激(ji)(ji)(ji)黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)。黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)益(yi)奮勇,如前(qian)狀。諸葛(ge)亮于(yu)是(shi)遣(qian)(qian)法正為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐(zuo),復任黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)為前(qian)鋒。陰遣(qian)(qian)趙云(yun)將(jiang)奇兵(bing)(bing)出(chu)小路接(jie)應。既而黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)乘(cheng)兩軍(jun)(jun)釋換俘虜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,故(gu)意射死(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚,以(yi)(yi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)怒(nu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan),使夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)輕進(jin)憤(fen)事(shi)。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)果以(yi)(yi)此(ci)致敗(bai),卒被(bei)黃(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)刀(dao)劈馬下(xia)而亡(wang)。蜀軍(jun)(jun)遂定(ding)(ding)東川。