一.產品介紹
冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)已有(you)1000多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)栽(zai)(zai)培歷史,產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環境優越,栽(zai)(zai)培歷史悠久,果(guo)(guo)形(xing)端正,果(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔(jie)凈光滑,鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)因(yin)果(guo)(guo)梗(geng)基部(bu)(bu)(bu)膨大,果(guo)(guo)梗(geng)與果(guo)(guo)肩(jian)結合部(bu)(bu)(bu)似鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭狀而(er)得名。冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)“縣(xian)(xian)果(guo)(guo)”,以皮(pi)薄、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細、肉嫩、果(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔(jie)凈光滑、果(guo)(guo)形(xing)端正、果(guo)(guo)色金黃(huang)(huang)、清香多(duo)(duo)汁、酸甜(tian)可口(kou)、核小(xiao)肉白、耐貯而(er)馳名中外(wai)(wai),1988年(nian)(nian)被評為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)家優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品獎,1990年(nian)(nian)被評為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li),暢(chang)銷日(ri)本、新加坡等(deng)國(guo)家和京、津(jin)、滬等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di),2014年(nian)(nian)7月通過了農業部(bu)(bu)(bu)農產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志登記,深受(shou)國(guo)內外(wai)(wai)消費(fei)者(zhe)歡迎(ying)。冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)刀切汁液即滴,食后(hou)清香滿口(kou),是(shi)抑膩醒酒(jiu)佳品。可生(sheng)食,也可加工罐頭和釀制飲料(liao)及(ji)調料(liao)。鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)還(huan)有(you)生(sheng)津(jin)、潤燥、清熱、化痰等(deng)藥物(wu)功能,經(jing)常食用,可清胃敗火,利脾潤肝。對傷(shang)津(jin)煩(fan)渴、肺(fei)熱咳嗽、目(mu)赤喉(hou)腫、腸干便秘(mi)等(deng)癥療效更為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)顯著(zhu)(zhu)。?冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)實粗(cu)頸(jing)葫(hu)蘆形(xing),果(guo)(guo)梗(geng)粗(cu)短(duan),萼片宿存,果(guo)(guo)面(mian)凹凸(tu)不平。果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)自(zi)幼果(guo)(guo)期(qi)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)褐(he)紅(hong)色,成(cheng)熟時果(guo)(guo)面(mian)大部(bu)(bu)(bu)著(zhu)(zhu)褐(he)紅(hong)色,果(guo)(guo)點小(xiao)而(er)密(mi),果(guo)(guo)肉白色,冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)實色鮮肉嫩,一般單果(guo)(guo)重180g至280g,平均單果(guo)(guo)重208克。富含多(duo)(duo)種維生(sheng)素(su)、有(you)機(ji)酸、鋅、鐵(tie)等(deng)多(duo)(duo)種營養物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);經(jing)檢測(ce)機(ji)構測(ce)定(ding):維生(sheng)素(su)C≥3.5mg/100g、總酸≥0.1%、可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物(wu)≥12.0%、鋅≥0.15mg/kg、鐵(tie)≥0.1mg/100g。采后(hou)10天左右(you)果(guo)(guo)肉變軟,易溶(rong)于(yu)口(kou),味(wei)濃甜(tian),品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)乘。山(shan)東(dong)冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區8月下(xia)旬成(cheng)熟。冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)申請地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志地(di)(di)(di)(di)域保護范圍地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)經(jing)115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,地(di)(di)(di)(di)域保護總面(mian)積(ji)7003公(gong)頃。2013年(nian)(nian)初(chu)統(tong)計,冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)黃(huang)(huang)河故道邊萬畝梨(li)(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)里樹(shu)齡上(shang)百年(nian)(nian)的(de)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)超(chao)過12700棵(ke),其中1669年(nian)(nian)(清康(kang)熙8年(nian)(nian))王氏栽(zai)(zai)植的(de)一棵(ke)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu),生(sheng)長于(yu)蘭沃鄉韓路(lu)村,已有(you)330年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史,樹(shu)高8米(mi),冠(guan)(guan)幅19米(mi),干周3.6米(mi),仍枝繁葉茂,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)2000余公(gong)斤,被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)王”。
二.自然生態環境
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌(mao)情況(kuang):冠(guan)縣境內(nei)地勢高亢(kang)平坦(tan),略有起伏(fu)。因(yin)歷史上(shang)黃河頻繁(fan)泛濫沉積(ji),形成(cheng)了(le)山崗坡洼相間的(de)(de)(de)微地貌(mao)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型有潮土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu),以潮土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主,占土(tu)(tu)地面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)94.1%。縣境土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)分(fen)布(bu)特點(dian)為(wei)東稍堿、中壤(rang)(rang)、西偏沙。冠(guan)縣鴨梨樹主要分(fen)布(bu)在砂或砂壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)上(shang),PH值(zhi)為(wei)7.0-7.5;土(tu)(tu)質疏松,通透性強(qiang),對光有反射作用,增強(qiang)了(le)樹體對光的(de)(de)(de)利用率和碳水化合物的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng),宜于冠(guan)縣鴨梨生長(chang)。
2、水(shui)文情況:冠(guan)縣境(jing)(jing)內東(dong)部有京杭運河、馬頰河,西部有漳(zhang)衛河。黃河故道(dao)自斜店鄉南滿菜入境(jing)(jing),境(jing)(jing)內為西南東(dong)北走向(xiang),至清(qing)水(shui)鎮(zhen)柳行頭出境(jing)(jing)。水(shui)資源豐富,具備了良好的水(shui)澆條(tiao)件,含水(shui)土體深厚,孔隙度(du)高,造成了良好的儲水(shui)條(tiao)件。
3、氣(qi)候情況(kuang):冠縣屬溫(wen)(wen)帶季風區大陸性(xing)氣(qi)候,春(chun)夏秋冬四季分明(ming)。年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)13.1℃,年均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)時數(shu)為2630小時,無霜(shuang)期(qi)198天,年均降水量592毫米,年均大于10℃的有效積溫(wen)(wen)4500℃。9月(yue)份(fen)的晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差達10℃。充(chong)足(zu)的光(guang)照,較大的溫(wen)(wen)差是形(xing)成冠縣鴨梨含糖量高的自(zi)然因素。
三.地域范圍
冠縣鴨梨產(chan)于聊(liao)城市(shi)冠縣行(xing)政所轄區域內,覆蓋冠縣境內蘭(lan)沃鄉(xiang)、清(qing)水鎮(zhen)、甘(gan)官屯鄉(xiang)、辛集(ji)鄉(xiang)4個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),共52個(ge)行(xing)政村。西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)蘭(lan)沃鄉(xiang)曲屯村,東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)辛集(ji)鄉(xiang)劉(liu)八寨村,北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)水鎮(zhen)劉(liu)屯村,南至(zhi)(zhi)蘭(lan)沃鄉(xiang)大曲村。地(di)理(li)坐標為:東(dong)經115°31′~115°39′,北(bei)緯36°33′~36°37′,海拔為29.5-35米之間。地(di)域保護總面積(ji)7003公(gong)頃,年(nian)總產(chan)量31萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外觀特征:冠(guan)縣鴨(ya)梨(li)果實外觀金黃色(套袋栽(zai)培呈(cheng)乳白色),皮薄肉(rou)脆(cui)汁多,石細胞少,脆(cui)甜可口,汁多,個大(da)核小,有香氣,食(shi)后(hou)清(qing)爽(shuang)。果面潔凈(jing)光滑,果形端正(zheng),鴨(ya)梨(li)因果梗基部膨大(da),果梗與果肩結(jie)合部似(si)鴨(ya)頭(tou)狀而得名。
2、內在特征:冠縣鴨梨果(guo)實色(se)鮮(xian)肉嫩(nen)質細且脆,一般單果(guo)重(zhong)180g至280g,富含多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)維生素(su)、有機酸(suan)、鋅、鐵等多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)營養(yang)物(wu)質,可溶性(xing)固形物(wu)≥12.0%、可滴定酸(suan)≥0.2%、維生素(su)C≥8mg/100g。
3、安全要求:冠縣鴨梨嚴(yan)格按照NY/T 844-2010標準執行。