一.產品介紹
冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)已有(you)1000多年(nian)(nian)的(de)栽培(pei)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi),產地(di)環(huan)境優越,栽培(pei)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)悠久,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)端正,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔(jie)凈光(guang)(guang)滑,鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)因果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)基部(bu)膨大,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)與果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩結合(he)部(bu)似(si)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)狀而得名。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)為冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)“縣(xian)(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,以皮薄、質(zhi)細、肉(rou)(rou)嫩(nen)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔(jie)凈光(guang)(guang)滑、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)端正、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)色金黃(huang)、清香多汁(zhi)、酸(suan)甜可(ke)(ke)口、核小肉(rou)(rou)白、耐貯而馳名中外,1988年(nian)(nian)被評(ping)為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)優質(zhi)品獎,1990年(nian)(nian)被評(ping)為山東(dong)省優質(zhi)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li),暢銷日本、新加(jia)(jia)坡(po)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)和京、津、滬等(deng)地(di),2014年(nian)(nian)7月通過了(le)農(nong)業部(bu)農(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志登記,深受國(guo)(guo)內外消費者(zhe)歡迎。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)刀切(qie)汁(zhi)液即(ji)滴,食(shi)后(hou)清香滿口,是抑膩(ni)醒(xing)酒(jiu)佳品。可(ke)(ke)生食(shi),也可(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)工罐頭(tou)和釀制飲(yin)料及(ji)調料。鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)還有(you)生津、潤(run)燥、清熱、化痰等(deng)藥物功能(neng),經(jing)常食(shi)用,可(ke)(ke)清胃敗火,利脾(pi)潤(run)肝。對傷津煩渴、肺(fei)熱咳嗽、目赤喉(hou)腫、腸(chang)干(gan)便(bian)秘(mi)等(deng)癥療效(xiao)更(geng)為顯著(zhu)(zhu)。?冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)粗(cu)頸葫蘆(lu)形(xing)(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)粗(cu)短,萼片宿存,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)凹凸(tu)不平(ping)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮自幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期即(ji)為褐紅色,成熟(shu)(shu)時果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)大部(bu)著(zhu)(zhu)褐紅色,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點(dian)小而密,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)白色,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)色鮮肉(rou)(rou)嫩(nen),一般單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重180g至(zhi)280g,平(ping)均單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重208克(ke)。富含多種維生素、有(you)機酸(suan)、鋅、鐵等(deng)多種營養物質(zhi);經(jing)檢測機構(gou)測定(ding):維生素C≥3.5mg/100g、總酸(suan)≥0.1%、可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)性固形(xing)(xing)物≥12.0%、鋅≥0.15mg/kg、鐵≥0.1mg/100g。采后(hou)10天(tian)左右(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)變軟,易溶(rong)于口,味濃甜,品質(zhi)上乘。山東(dong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)區8月下旬(xun)成熟(shu)(shu)。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)申請地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護(hu)范圍地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)為東(dong)經(jing)115°31′~115°39′,北(bei)緯36°33′~36°37′,地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護(hu)總面(mian)積(ji)7003公(gong)頃。2013年(nian)(nian)初統計,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)黃(huang)河(he)故道邊萬畝(mu)梨(li)(li)園里(li)樹(shu)(shu)齡上百年(nian)(nian)的(de)梨(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)超過12700棵(ke),其中1669年(nian)(nian)(清康熙(xi)8年(nian)(nian))王(wang)氏栽植(zhi)的(de)一棵(ke)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu),生長于蘭沃鄉(xiang)韓路村,已有(you)330年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi),樹(shu)(shu)高8米(mi),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)幅19米(mi),干(gan)周3.6米(mi),仍枝繁葉(xie)茂,年(nian)(nian)產鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)2000余公(gong)斤(jin),被稱為“梨(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)王(wang)”。
二.自然生態環境
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況:冠(guan)縣(xian)(xian)境內地勢高(gao)亢平坦,略有(you)(you)起伏。因歷史上黃河頻繁泛(fan)濫(lan)沉積(ji),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)山崗坡洼相間(jian)的(de)微地貌。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型有(you)(you)潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),以潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為主(zhu),占土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地面積(ji)的(de)94.1%。縣(xian)(xian)境土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤分布特點為東(dong)稍堿(jian)、中壤、西偏沙。冠(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)梨(li)(li)樹(shu)主(zhu)要(yao)分布在砂或砂壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)上,PH值為7.0-7.5;土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏松(song),通透(tou)性強,對光有(you)(you)反射作用(yong),增強了(le)樹(shu)體對光的(de)利用(yong)率和碳水化合物的(de)形(xing)成(cheng),宜于冠(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)梨(li)(li)生長(chang)。
2、水文情況:冠縣境內(nei)東部有京杭運河、馬(ma)頰(jia)河,西部有漳(zhang)衛河。黃(huang)河故(gu)道(dao)自斜店(dian)鄉南(nan)滿菜(cai)入境,境內(nei)為西南(nan)東北走向,至清水鎮柳(liu)行頭出境。水資源(yuan)豐富(fu),具備了良好的水澆(jiao)條件,含水土體深厚,孔隙(xi)度高,造成了良好的儲水條件。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:冠縣(xian)屬溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)季風區大陸性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,春夏秋冬四季分明。年平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)13.1℃,年均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)數為2630小時(shi),無霜期198天,年均(jun)(jun)降水量592毫米,年均(jun)(jun)大于10℃的有(you)效積溫(wen)(wen)4500℃。9月份的晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)達10℃。充足的光照,較(jiao)大的溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)是形成冠縣(xian)鴨(ya)梨含糖量高的自然因素。
三.地域范圍
冠縣(xian)鴨梨產于聊城市冠縣(xian)行(xing)政所(suo)轄區域內(nei),覆蓋(gai)冠縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)蘭沃(wo)鄉、清水鎮(zhen)、甘官屯(tun)鄉、辛集鄉4個鄉鎮(zhen),共52個行(xing)政村。西(xi)至蘭沃(wo)鄉曲(qu)屯(tun)村,東(dong)至辛集鄉劉八寨(zhai)村,北(bei)至清水鎮(zhen)劉屯(tun)村,南至蘭沃(wo)鄉大曲(qu)村。地理坐標(biao)為:東(dong)經115°31′~115°39′,北(bei)緯36°33′~36°37′,海拔為29.5-35米之間。地域保護總面積7003公頃(qing),年總產量(liang)31萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外(wai)觀(guan)(guan)特征:冠縣(xian)鴨梨(li)果(guo)實外(wai)觀(guan)(guan)金黃色(套袋栽培呈乳白色),皮薄肉脆汁(zhi)多,石細胞少,脆甜可口(kou),汁(zhi)多,個大核小,有(you)香氣,食后(hou)清(qing)爽。果(guo)面(mian)潔凈光(guang)滑(hua),果(guo)形端(duan)正,鴨梨(li)因果(guo)梗基部膨(peng)大,果(guo)梗與果(guo)肩結合部似鴨頭狀而(er)得名。
2、內(nei)在特(te)征:冠縣(xian)鴨梨(li)果實(shi)色鮮肉嫩質細且(qie)脆,一般單果重180g至280g,富含多(duo)種(zhong)維生素、有機酸、鋅、鐵(tie)等多(duo)種(zhong)營養物質,可溶性固形(xing)物≥12.0%、可滴定酸≥0.2%、維生素C≥8mg/100g。
3、安(an)全要求:冠縣鴨梨嚴格按照NY/T 844-2010標準執行(xing)。