產品簡介
東(dong)(dong)明(ming)縣是山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)生產(chan)基(ji)地之一,素(su)負(fu)盛名。1959年,產(chan)一特(te)大西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua),狀(zhuang)如石(shi)滾,重(zhong)51.5公斤(jin),在(zai)河南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)農業(ye)展(zhan)(zhan)覽館(guan)展(zhan)(zhan)出后,名揚全(quan)國;1968年,又產(chan)1只53公斤(jin)的(de)特(te)大西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua),被稱為全(quan)國"西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)之王"。1981年,李六(liu)屯村(cun)農民種出一株"龍鳳(feng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)",單株結瓜(gua)14個(ge),總重(zhong)量80余公斤(jin),創(chuang)全(quan)國單株西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)之最(zui)。1986年,山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)首次西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)展(zhan)(zhan)評(ping)(ping)會(hui)評(ping)(ping)出的(de)3個(ge)特(te)優(you)產(chan)品中,東(dong)(dong)明(ming)縣的(de)"鄭(zheng)州三(san)號(hao)"名列第(di)(di)一,"中育(yu)六(liu)號(hao)"名列第(di)(di)三(san)。1987年,在(zai)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)第(di)(di)二屆西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)展(zhan)(zhan)評(ping)(ping)會(hui)上,東(dong)(dong)明(ming)的(de)"中育(yu)六(liu)號(hao)"再次被評(ping)(ping)為"特(te)優(you)產(chan)品","中育(yu)一號(hao)"、"伊選"被評(ping)(ping)為省(sheng)(sheng)優(you)質產(chan)品。
山東(dong)菏澤市東(dong)明縣馬頭鎮(zhen)蘇寨村及周邊是(shi)(shi)著名的(de)西(xi)(xi)瓜基地,基地位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)明縣南23公里,山東(dong)省東(dong)明縣是(shi)(shi)95年國(guo)務院首批(pi)命名的(de)“中(zhong)國(guo)西(xi)(xi)瓜之鄉(xiang)”,常年種(zhong)植面積達40萬畝,總(zong)產12億公斤(jin),銷售收(shou)入5億多元(yuan),僅(jin)此一項農民人均收(shou)入近千元(yuan)。山東(dong)菏澤市東(dong)明縣西(xi)(xi)瓜品種(zhong)主要有,黑皮(pi)有籽大果型西(xi)(xi)瓜,有汴(bian)雜系列品種(zhong)、預(yu)藝2000、中(zhong)華拳(quan)王、黑巨霸、東(dong)研八(ba)(ba)號、開雜十八(ba)(ba)、東(dong)明黑大個等。特點是(shi)(shi)高圓形(xing)黑皮(pi)西(xi)(xi)瓜,單瓜重10斤(jin)以(yi)上,優(you)質安全(quan),皮(pi)韌性強耐貯運,含糖12度左右。7月至8月底(di)集(ji)中(zhong)上市,重點西(xi)(xi)瓜鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen):馬頭、小(xiao)井、大屯、三春等。
產地環境
由(you)于屬(shu)黃(huang)河沖積平原,廣(guang)袤的沙質壤土,優(you)質的黃(huang)河水澆灌(guan),優(you)越(yue)的所候(hou)條件,優(you)良的西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)品(pin)種(zhong),一(yi)千多(duo)年栽培史積累的豐(feng)富經驗和先(xian)進栽培管(guan)理(li)技術的不斷(duan)引進推廣(guang),培育了東明西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)沙甜爽口,風(feng)味純(chun)正、外觀亮麗(li),商品(pin)性好(hao)的綜合品(pin)質,使東明西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)素(su)以(yi)優(you)質著稱(cheng),享(xiang)“甲天下(xia)”美譽。傳(chuan)統地(di)方西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)品(pin)種(zhong)因個(ge)(ge)大揚名。1994年馬(ma)頭鎮農民種(zhong)植的一(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua),結瓜(gua)(gua)28個(ge)(ge),總重量167.8公斤(1994年8月30日(ri),《大眾(zhong)日(ri)報(bao)》以(yi)東明發現(xian)一(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)王”為題(ti)進行(xing)了報(bao)道),創造了單(dan)瓜(gua)(gua)個(ge)(ge)最大,單(dan)株(zhu)(zhu)結瓜(gua)(gua)最多(duo),單(dan)株(zhu)(zhu)產量最高(gao)的三個(ge)(ge)“全國(guo)之最”。
自然生態環境
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌(mao)情(qing)況:“東明西(xi)(xi)瓜”農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)地域保護區域,屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)歷史上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)黃河故(gu)道、黃河泛濫區域,形(xing)成了(le)以沙(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)、黃河沖積平(ping)(ping)原獨特的(de)(de)(de)地域地貌(mao),自然地理環境(jing)條件優(you)(you)越,十分適(shi)宜于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)瓜的(de)(de)(de)生長發育(yu):地勢平(ping)(ping)坦(平(ping)(ping)均坡降約1/5000),土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚,沙(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang),沙(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),透(tou)氣、透(tou)水(shui)性良好,利(li)于(yu)(yu)根系向縱(zong)深(shen)發展(zhan),可顯著提(ti)高(gao)(gao)西(xi)(xi)瓜的(de)(de)(de)抗旱能力和(he)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。沙(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)熱容量小,白天吸(xi)熱快,春季回暖早,夜(ye)間散熱迅速,晝夜(ye)溫差大,不僅有利(li)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)瓜根系的(de)(de)(de)生長發育(yu)和(he)對礦質(zhi)(zhi)肥料的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)運(yun)轉,而且還有利(li)于(yu)(yu)有機(ji)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)積累,能提(ti)高(gao)(gao)果(guo)實的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)糖量,利(li)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥沃,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含(han)(han)鉀量高(gao)(gao),區域內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)養分平(ping)(ping)均狀況:有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)0.62%;全N0.051%、堿解N54ppm;速效P4ppm、速效K112ppm,含(han)(han)K豐富,極(ji)有利(li)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)瓜風味和(he)含(han)(han)糖量的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),為東明縣優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)瓜生產(chan)奠(dian)定了(le)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)基(ji)礎(chu)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富,潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)埋深淺。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)為弱化礦水(shui)(shui)(shui),特別是具有(you)得(de)天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)引黃灌溉優(you)勢(沿黃線長達(da)124華里)。由于黃河水(shui)(shui)(shui)中富含的(de)(de)(de)營養物質(zhi)(zhi),灌溉效果優(you)于普通地(di)下井(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui),對西瓜優(you)良品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)有(you)重要作(zuo)用。區(qu)域內潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)埋深平均1.5-2米,西瓜根系發達(da)可深入(ru)土層1.5米左右。能直接利(li)用地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui),滿足西瓜生長發育需(xu)要。因(yin)而(er)即使不灌溉也(ye)可以基本保證西瓜對水(shui)(shui)(shui)分的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求,達(da)到優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)產的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)情況:氣(qi)候(hou)條件優越。西(xi)瓜(gua)是喜光(guang)喜溫(wen)作(zuo)物,特(te)別喜歡光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)強(qiang)、溫(wen)差(cha)大的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件。東(dong)明縣屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶季(ji)風(feng)型大陸性氣(qi)候(hou),氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量適中,四季(ji)分(fen)明。常年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)13.6℃,總(zong)(zong)積溫(wen)為5136℃,大于(yu)(yu)(yu)10℃的(de)有效積溫(wen)4584.9℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)無霜期達(da)222天,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)3月(yue)24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)斷霜保證率在(zai)80%以上。春季(ji)回暖(nuan)快(kuai),2月(yue)19日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)可穩(wen)定通過0℃,4月(yue)5日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)可穩(wen)定通過10℃,比本省兄弟縣可早3-15天。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)為10.3℃。晚春、初(chu)夏4、5、6三(san)個月(yue),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)10℃的(de)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)63天,占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)69.2%;日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)15℃的(de)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)長達(da)24天,占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)26.4%,極有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)瓜(gua)糖分(fen)的(de)積累。全年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)2440小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),占(zhan)可照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)55%,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足(zu),特(te)別是5、6、7三(san)個月(yue),月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)總(zong)(zong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)累計達(da)739小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),每月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)在(zai)250小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右,最多可達(da)270小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),充足(zu)的(de)光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)可以保證西(xi)瓜(gua)良(liang)好的(de)生長發育(yu)和優良(liang)的(de)品質。