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形態特征

由于(yu)平潭(tan)四面環海，獨特(te)的(de)(de)氣候、地(di)理條(tiao)件造就(jiu)了平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)三大(da)特(te)色(se)：首先是(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)期(qi)相對其(qi)他(ta)地(di)區的(de)(de)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)長(chang)(chang)，據(ju)了解，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)平均花(hua)期(qi)長(chang)(chang)達18天之久；其(qi)次是(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)蕾數量(liang)多，香味濃郁持久；第三是(shi)(shi)(shi)平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)株型矮壯、健(jian)美(mei)，這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)它與漳州水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)區別(bie)，由于(yu)抗(kang)倒(dao)伏(fu)能(neng)力極強，這(zhe)一優勢便(bian)成了平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)賣點。據(ju)專家考證，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)歷(li)經200多年(nian)的(de)(de)野(ye)化生存，在惡劣的(de)(de)自然環境中，遵循著生物界優勝劣汰的(de)(de)自然規則(ze)，其(qi)優良種性(xing)(xing)表現得尤為突出，且人工馴化時間不長(chang)(chang)，其(qi)生態特(te)征更具野(ye)性(xing)(xing)。在觀(guan)(guan)賞(shang)培育方面可塑性(xing)(xing)更強，觀(guan)(guan)賞(shang)價值更高(gao)，素以花(hua)箭(jian)多、花(hua)期(qi)長(chang)(chang)、花(hua)味香、花(hua)姿美(mei)而聞名(ming)遐邇。更是(shi)(shi)(shi)因抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)強、病害少(shao)、抗(kang)倒(dao)伏(fu)和(he)不啞花(hua)等(deng)特(te)點而獲得廣大(da)栽培者的(de)(de)賞(shang)識。

生長環境

特殊(shu)的土(tu)壤結構(gou)，暖(nuan)溫(wen)的氣(qi)候，多(duo)風的氣(qi)象條(tiao)件(jian)是形成平潭(tan)水仙特殊(shu)品(pin)種的主要(yao)因素(su)，是其它(ta)地區品(pin)種所無法(fa)替(ti)代(dai)的。

分布范圍

平(ping)(ping)潭縣(xian)(xian)簡稱“嵐(lan)”，形似神獸麒麟，位于(yu)北緯25°15′—25°45′，東經119°32′—120°10′。東臨臺灣(wan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽，距臺灣(wan)新竹港(gang)僅68海(hai)(hai)(hai)里(li)，是(shi)福建省(sheng)以及大陸與臺灣(wan)距離最(zui)近(jin)的島(dao)縣(xian)(xian)，西隔海(hai)(hai)(hai)壇(tan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽，與長樂、福清市、莆田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)為鄰(lin)，南近(jin)莆田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)的南島(dao)，北望白犬列島(dao)。全縣(xian)(xian)由126個(ge)島(dao)嶼(yu)組成，陸地面積(ji)371.91平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，灘涂(tu)64.65平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)域面積(ji)6000多(duo)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)線長399.82公(gong)里(li)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)壇(tan)島(dao)是(shi)福建省(sheng)第一大島(dao)，中國第五大島(dao)，陸地面積(ji)267.13平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。全縣(xian)(xian)島(dao)嶼(yu)多(duo)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)線蜿蜒曲折(zhe)，其類型有基(ji)巖(yan)侵(qin)蝕海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)、紅土侵(qin)蝕海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)、沙質(zhi)塘(tang)積(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)、沙泥(ni)質(zhi)和混沙質(zhi)塘(tang)積(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)。

平(ping)(ping)潭屬南(nan)(nan)亞熱(re)帶(dai)海(hai)洋性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候。夏(xia)(xia)長冬(dong)短，溫(wen)熱(re)濕(shi)潤，夏(xia)(xia)涼(liang)冬(dong)暖、霜雪罕見。春溫(wen)低(di)于秋溫(wen)。多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)19.6℃，最(zui)冷(leng)日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)10.2℃；最(zui)熱(re)日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27.9℃，全年(nian)(nian)≥10℃的活動積溫(wen)有6563度日(ri)，多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照1919.7小時。雨熱(re)同季(ji)，旱雨季(ji)節(jie)分明(ming)，多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降水量1172毫米(mi)，蒸(zheng)發(fa)量1300毫米(mi)，為(wei)福建(jian)省(sheng)少雨區之一(yi)。季(ji)風(feng)明(ming)顯(xian)，夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)以(yi)(yi)偏南(nan)(nan)風(feng)為(wei)主(zhu)，其余季(ji)節(jie)多(duo)為(wei)東北(bei)風(feng)。風(feng)力(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均風(feng)速6.9米(mi)/秒，灣(wan)海(hai)地區全年(nian)(nian)大風(feng)（7級以(yi)(yi)上）日(ri)數為(wei)125天，是福建(jian)省(sheng)強風(feng)區之一(yi)。

生產情況

1978年(nian)(nian)，時(shi)任平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)縣企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)局局長的馮立朝先生，把家(jia)鄉的野(ye)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)球(qiu)莖送(song)往廈門市(shi)園林部門，經鑒定確認為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之一，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)從此得(de)到(dao)人們的高(gao)度重視(shi)并(bing)加以繼(ji)續培(pei)育。1978年(nian)(nian)8月，君山村(cun)野(ye)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經福(fu)(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)亞熱帶作(zuo)物研究(jiu)所(suo)檢(jian)驗鑒定為(wei)(wei)“單(dan)瓣玉玲(ling)瓏”，與漳州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)10月，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)縣科(ke)(ke)委(wei)、縣企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)局、縣外(wai)貿公(gong)司聯合撥(bo)款，在君山村(cun)進(jin)行人工(gong)馴(xun)化試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初獲(huo)成功。1979年(nian)(nian)擴(kuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3.8畝，并(bing)列(lie)(lie)入(ru)福(fu)(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)和(he)莆田地(di)(di)區(qu)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)“人工(gong)馴(xun)化”科(ke)(ke)研計(ji)劃項目(mu)。次年(nian)(nian)6月，經福(fu)(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)核心組驗收，商(shang)品(pin)率達90%以上(shang)，出口合格(ge)率達65%以上(shang)，命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”。當年(nian)(nian)，在君山村(cun)繼(ji)續擴(kuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)在潭(tan)(tan)(tan)城(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)培(pei)育場，對大練公(gong)社月舉(ju)村(cun)的野(ye)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)進(jin)行異(yi)地(di)(di)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獲(huo)得(de)成功。1981年(nian)(nian)福(fu)(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳把平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)縣列(lie)(lie)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖基地(di)(di)，進(jin)行高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優質(zhi)試(shi)驗。1984年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)縣科(ke)(ke)委(wei)組織實施“野(ye)化水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人工(gong)復壯(zhuang)培(pei)育研究(jiu)”。1987年(nian)(nian)12月25～26日(ri)，經市(shi)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)組織專家(jia)鑒定，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)具有抗逆性強(qiang)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)箭多(duo)(duo)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期長、氣味清香等特(te)點。1989年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)被國家(jia)計(ji)委(wei)、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部列(lie)(lie)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)商(shang)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)。1992年(nian)(nian)3月，在香港舉(ju)行的國際花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)上(shang)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)獲(huo)“最佳展(zhan)品(pin)獎”。1995年(nian)(nian)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)達75畝。2003年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)有1000多(duo)(duo)畝。2008年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)達30多(duo)(duo)公(gong)頃，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)球(qiu)量達150萬粒，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值達1000萬元。但(dan)是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)總(zong)(zong)體發(fa)展(zhan)還是(shi)比較(jiao)慢，主要是(shi)投(tou)資主體單(dan)一、投(tou)資能力較(jiao)弱。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)規模不夠(gou)強(qiang)大，也導致對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)投(tou)入(ru)不足，宣傳(chuan)力度不夠(gou)大，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)未能形(xing)成自己(ji)的優質(zhi)品(pin)牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。到(dao)2010年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)300多(duo)(duo)畝，主要分布在敖東、中(zhong)(zhong)樓和(he)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)城(cheng)的海灘地(di)(di)。為(wei)(wei)了重振平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，該(gai)縣除了推動(dong)注(zhu)冊(ce)“平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)證明商(shang)標(biao)(biao)工(gong)作(zuo)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)工(gong)商(shang)局和(he)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)發(fa)總(zong)(zong)公(gong)司還通(tong)過“商(shang)標(biao)(biao)+公(gong)司+農(nong)(nong)戶(hu)”模式，帶動(dong)平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，提(ti)升平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的知名(ming)度、競爭力和(he)價格(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)。

產品榮譽

1992年(nian)在(zai)(zai)“香港國(guo)(guo)際花(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)”盛會上(shang)，十(shi)多個國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)地區，以數千種的(de)名花(hua)(hua)(hua)異草(cao)參(can)展(zhan)(zhan)競秀，“平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)”作為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)獨(du)一無二(er)的(de)水(shui)仙(xian)代表參(can)展(zhan)(zhan)，榮(rong)獲(huo)“最佳展(zhan)(zhan)品(pin)獎”；接著參(can)加(jia)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)協會舉辦(ban)的(de)千種花(hua)(hua)(hua)評獎大(da)(da)會，又獲(huo)得(de)一等獎。而在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)南海、人民大(da)(da)會堂等重要場所，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)也(ye)爭(zheng)奇(qi)斗艷(yan)，成為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)型慶典活動(dong)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)領導人接見外賓的(de)迎(ying)春(chun)花(hua)(hua)(hua)、迎(ying)賓花(hua)(hua)(hua)。2003年(nian)在(zai)(zai)美國(guo)(guo)春(chun)季花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉展(zhan)(zhan)銷會上(shang)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)開發總公司帶去的(de)水(shui)仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)得(de)到很高評價，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)自此走出(chu)國(guo)(guo)門，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)際花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉市場上(shang)凸顯(xian)其獨(du)特魅力。2007年(nian)底，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)被納(na)入地理標(biao)志保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)產品(pin)目錄，也(ye)是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)唯一獲(huo)得(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地理標(biao)志保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)水(shui)仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。