寬甸石(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can),遼寧省寬甸滿族自治(zhi)縣振江鎮石(shi)柱(zhu)子村特產,中(zhong)國地(di)理標志產品。石(shi)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)(can)也(ye)稱柱(zhu)參(can)(can)(can),是(shi)中(zhong)國人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)中(zhong)的(de)優(you)良品種(zhong),因產地(di)而得名(ming)。該村位于(yu)鴨綠江北岸,屬于(yu)長白山余脈,山多水多、山高林密、濕度較(jiao)大,是(shi)盛產山參(can)(can)(can)的(de)地(di)方。石(shi)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)(can)具有(you)蘆長、體靈、皮老紋深、皮條須(xu)、須(xu)根上生有(you)較(jiao)多的(de)珍珠(zhu)疙瘩,體形(xing)酷似野山參(can)(can)(can)等(deng)優(you)點而馳名(ming)中(zhong)外,體形(xing)千姿百態,深受用(yong)(yong)戶歡迎。石(shi)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)(can)藥性較(jiao)強,栽培15年以上的(de)石(shi)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)(can)藥用(yong)(yong)價值近似山參(can)(can)(can),人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)總皂(zao)甙含量遠遠高于(yu)一(yi)般園(yuan)參(can)(can)(can)。
產地環境
石柱人參產于遼(liao)寧(ning)省(sheng)寬(kuan)甸(dian)滿族(zu)自治縣(以下簡(jian)稱(cheng)寬(kuan)甸(dian)縣)振(zhen)江鎮石柱子村(cun)境
內(nei)(nei),地理(li)坐標為東(dong)經125°21′~125°28′,北緯40°43′~40°50′,海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)350~810m。石(shi)柱子村位于寬(kuan)甸縣(xian)東(dong)部丘陵區(qu),屬長白(bai)山(shan)余脈,平均海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)500m,最(zui)高海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)800m,東(dong)部和南部與鴨綠江(jiang)相鄰,東(dong)距(ju)鴨綠江(jiang)12.6km,南距(ju)鴨綠江(jiang)15.82km,與朝鮮人民民主主義共和國隔(ge)江(jiang)相望,西部和北部與內(nei)(nei)陸接壤。
土壤(rang)條(tiao)件方面,境內土壤(rang)屬棕壤(rang)土,pH 5.5~6.0,由花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)、片麻巖(yan)(yan)、混合(he)巖(yan)(yan)等巖(yan)(yan)石風化而成,表(biao)(biao)層(ceng)(ceng)顏色(se)為(wei)(wei)暗(an)棕色(se)、棕灰色(se),中層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)棕黃色(se),下層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)黃白(bai)色(se)。土壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)3.49%、微(wei)量(liang)元素主要(yao)含(han)量(liang)有(you)銅、鋅、鐵(tie)、錳、硼、鉬,表(biao)(biao)層(ceng)(ceng)土速效(xiao)磷含(han)量(liang)平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)1.35mg/kg。土壤(rang)上層(ceng)(ceng)較薄,一般(ban)20~30cm厚,質(zhi)地較粗,含(han)有(you)較多的粗砂(sha)、礫石。
水分條件方面,石柱(zhu)子(zi)村東臨鴨綠江(jiang),水資源極為(wei)豐富(fu),石柱(zhu)子(zi)河(he)和滾子(zi)溝河(he)于村中心交匯并貫穿(chuan)全村,河(he)流(liu)總長(chang)6km。
氣候(hou)條件方面,石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村屬溫(wen)帶濕潤(run)季(ji)風氣候(hou)區,四季(ji)分明,氣候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)濕潤(run)。受季(ji)風影(ying)響,石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村夏(xia)季(ji)高溫(wen)多(duo)(duo)雨(yu),冬季(ji)寒冷干燥(zao),年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)6.5℃,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)為(wei)1 100mm,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)時數為(wei)2 400小時,陰霧天(tian)氣多(duo)(duo)達150多(duo)(duo)天(tian),無霜期135天(tian)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)生長(chang)季(ji)(5~8月(yue))的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)21℃,晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)較大(da),有利于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)體內養分的(de)(de)累(lei)積。降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)豐富,日照(zhao)(zhao)少,陰霧多(duo)(duo),濕度(du)(du)大(da),空氣相對濕度(du)(du)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)75%,加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)受地(di)理緯度(du)(du)和(he)云霧、地(di)形、植被等影(ying)響,極易(yi)形成散射光(guang),經常出現"露水(shui)(shui)陽(yang)"天(tian)氣。石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村獨特的(de)(de)自(zi)然環境和(he)土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌,有利于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)的(de)(de)生長(chang)發(fa)育,并造就(jiu)了(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)獨特的(de)(de)品質。石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)對土(tu)(tu)壤、水(shui)(shui)分、氣候(hou)、光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)及(ji)栽(zai)培管理技術(shu)等要(yao)求極其(qi)(qi)嚴格,非石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)、之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)、之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)、之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣、之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特殊栽(zai)培而不可(ke)得(de)。經實驗,異地(di)栽(zai)培則會(hui)劣變,其(qi)(qi)形體和(he)藥理作用都與(yu)正(zheng)宗的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)相差(cha)甚遠。2011年寬甸(dian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)農產品通過(guo)了(le)國家(jia)地(di)理標(biao)志認證。由于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)生長(chang)期一般為(wei)13年以上,生長(chang)周期長(chang),為(wei)保護該(gai)物種,經遼寧省林業部門批(pi)準(zhun),每年只限增加參(can)(can)(can)(can)地(di)50畝,同(tong)時退下來的(de)(de)參(can)(can)(can)(can)地(di)還林,達到林地(di)資(zi)源(yuan)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)展。
品質特點
石柱人參具有蘆細長(chang)、體(ti)短靈、膀(bang)頭較圓,皮(pi)老(lao)質實,橫紋深而細密且主要集中在體(ti)的上半(ban)部(bu),須細長(chang),柔軟,清疏,須根上生有珍珠(zhu)疙(ge)瘩(da),體(ti)形千(qian)姿百態酷似野山參,因(yin)質好效高而被尊崇,因(yin)量少(shao)年長(chang)而顯珍貴(gui),馳(chi)名中外,深受(shou)消費者歡迎。
歷史淵源
相傳(chuan)在明朝萬歷年間,石柱子村還是個山高林密、荒無人煙的地方,山
東有(you)7翁結(jie)伴(ban)到(dao)遼東鴨綠(lv)江(jiang)畔的(de)深(shen)山老林(lin)里采(cai)(cai)參(can),在石柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村(cun)一帶(dai)發(fa)現了許多上等人(ren)參(can),他們把(ba)長(chang)成的(de)人(ren)參(can)帶(dai)走,小(xiao)參(can)與參(can)籽(zi)則(ze)埋在林(lin)下栽(zai)培,為了以后采(cai)(cai)參(can)能找到(dao)這個地方,就(jiu)在石柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村(cun)上屯街西的(de)三岔路(lu)口,豎(shu)起一塊2m多高(gao)的(de)石柱(zhu),同時,在石柱(zhu)旁(pang)還(huan)栽(zai)了1株(zhu)榆(yu)樹,石柱(zhu)人(ren)參(can)由此得(de)名(亦被簡稱為柱(zhu)參(can))。后來(lai),隨著采(cai)(cai)參(can)的(de)人(ren)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多,有(you)些人(ren)安家在此,逐漸形成了石柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村(cun)。