閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can),四(si)川(chuan)省閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)市特(te)產(chan)(chan),中(zhong)國地理標志產(chan)(chan)品(農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地理標志)。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)于四(si)川(chuan)省閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)市境內海拔500-800米的(de)丘(qiu)陵山區(qu)(qu),產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)已通過無公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)基地整體認定,為川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)的(de)適生區(qu)(qu)域。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)有300多年的(de)栽培(pei)歷史,所產(chan)(chan)明(ming)參(can)(can)條勻、體重、色黃白、斷面角(jiao)質樣。食用(yong)味道鮮美,養胃(wei)潤(run)腸(chang),清(qing)肺益(yi)(yi)腎,益(yi)(yi)肝明(ming)目,補血益(yi)(yi)氣;藥用(yong)可用(yong)于肺熱(re)燥咳(ke)、陰(yin)虛勞嗽、干咳(ke)痰粘(zhan)、氣陰(yin)不足、煩熱(re)口干等癥(zheng)。
產地環境
閬(lang)中(zhong)市(shi)(shi)是四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省省轄市(shi)(shi),由(you)南(nan)充市(shi)(shi)代管。位于(yu)(yu)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆地北(bei)部,嘉陵(ling)江(jiang)中(zhong)游。介于(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)經(jing)105°41′~106°24′,北(bei)緯(wei)31°22′~31°51′之間(jian)。東(dong)(dong)靠(kao)巴中(zhong)市(shi)(shi)、儀隴縣(xian),南(nan)連南(nan)部縣(xian),西(xi)鄰劍閣縣(xian),北(bei)接(jie)蒼(cang)溪縣(xian)。閬(lang)中(zhong)處于(yu)(yu)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)向(xiang)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)北(bei)低(di)(di)(di)山(shan)區(qu)過渡(du)地帶。全境東(dong)(dong)西(xi)北(bei)部高,中(zhong)南(nan)部低(di)(di)(di),呈(cheng)堰(yan)尾槽狀地勢和多層次梯級地形(xing),海(hai)拔328~888.8米(mi)。低(di)(di)(di)山(shan)、高丘(qiu)、中(zhong)丘(qiu)占幅員面積(ji)92%,低(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)、平(ping)壩占6.31%,水域(yu)占1.69%。閬(lang)中(zhong)屬亞熱帶濕潤季風氣候(hou)區(qu),氣候(hou)溫和,四(si)季分明(ming),年均(jun)溫度17℃,極(ji)端最高氣溫39℃,最低(di)(di)(di)氣溫-4℃。常年無(wu)霜期290天,年均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)1400小時,年均(jun)降(jiang)水量1000毫(hao)米(mi)左右。氣候(hou)溫和,雨量充沛,光照(zhao)(zhao)適(shi)(shi)度,同時,該區(qu)域(yu)土地肥(fei)沃,動植物及各(ge)種自(zi)然資(zi)源豐富。閬(lang)中(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)原產(chan)(chan)于(yu)(yu)閬(lang)中(zhong)市(shi)(shi)龍泉、千(qian)佛、鶴峰等24個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(辦(ban)事處),處于(yu)(yu)海(hai)拔500-800米(mi)的丘(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)區(qu),是川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)的最佳適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)種植區(qu),其(qi)獨(du)特的土壤(rang)、水質、氣候(hou)特點,特別適(shi)(shi)合(he)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)生長、發(fa)育,產(chan)(chan)區(qu)通過無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)基地整體(ti)認(ren)定。
品種特性
川明參(can),又名沙(sha)參(can)、明參(can),來源于傘形科植物川明參(can)(Chuanmingshen violoaceum Sheh et Shan)的根(gen)。具有滋陰補(bu)肺,健脾和胃、生(sheng)津、解毒(du)等功效,是集醫療、食(shi)療為(wei)一體的古之貢品。
閬中(zhong)川明(ming)參呈細長(chang)(chang)圓柱形、長(chang)(chang)紡錘形或(huo)不規則(ze)條塊,長(chang)(chang)6-20厘米,直徑(jing)0.5-2厘米。表面(mian)黃(huang)白色(se)(se)或(huo)淡(dan)棕色(se)(se),光滑或(huo)有(you)縱溝紋及須(xu)根(gen)痕,有(you)的具紅棕色(se)(se)斑(ban)點。質(zhi)硬(ying)而脆,斷面(mian)角質(zhi)樣,皮(pi)部黃(huang)白色(se)(se),較(jiao)易剝離,木部類(lei)白色(se)(se)。氣微(wei),味(wei)淡(dan)。以(yi)條勻、體(ti)重(zhong)、色(se)(se)黃(huang)白、斷面(mian)角質(zhi)樣者(zhe)為佳。閬中(zhong)川明(ming)參食用(yong)味(wei)道(dao)鮮美(mei),具有(you)質(zhi)嫩、粉足(zu)(zu)、湯鮮等(deng)(deng)特(te)點,可(ke)養胃(wei)潤腸(chang),清肺益腎,益肝明(ming)目,補(bu)血益氣;藥用(yong)可(ke)用(yong)于肺熱燥咳、陰虛勞嗽、干咳痰粘、氣陰不足(zu)(zu)、煩熱口干等(deng)(deng)癥。
研究表明:閬中川(chuan)明參(can)主要含(han)有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)糖、補骨脂素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸甙、蘆丁(ding)、豆甾醇、豆甾醇-葡萄糖甙、棕櫚(lv)酸及硬(ying)脂酸的(de)混合物(wu)等(deng),并含(han)有(you)(you)豐富的(de)粗(cu)蛋白、磷脂、礦物(wu)質、維生素、微量元素和十余種氨基酸。川(chuan)明參(can)水煎(jian)煮液、95%乙(yi)醇提(ti)取(qu)物(wu)以及石油醚提(ti)取(qu)物(wu)具有(you)(you)明顯的(de)鎮咳祛痰以及增強小鼠(shu)特異(yi)性(xing)及非(fei)特異(yi)性(xing)體液免疫的(de)作用(yong)(yong);川(chuan)明參(can)多(duo)(duo)糖具有(you)(you)增強小鼠(shu)特異(yi)性(xing)及非(fei)特異(yi)性(xing)體液免疫的(de)作用(yong)(yong)。