產品介紹
茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是全(quan)國(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)落葉水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)之鄉,擁(yong)有(you)3萬畝(mu)茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)脆李(li)(li)(li)、青(qing)脆李(li)(li)(li)、脆紅(hong)李(li)(li)(li),是國(guo)家A級綠色食品生產(chan)基地,并向周邊輻射達(da)五(wu)萬余(yu)(yu)畝(mu),形成頗具規模和特色的(de)(de)現代農(nong)業生態(tai)示范(fan)園。 茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)鄉、萬畝(mu)李(li)(li)(li)園,凝四(si)時精氣,匯天(tian)(tian)地人(ren)和,聚(ju)生態(tai)之美,備(bei)休閑之樂。春賞(shang)李(li)(li)(li)花香雪海,九鼎(ding)金(jin)秋碩果(guo)(guo)彤,衣袖猶藏(zang)茂(mao)州風(feng),游伴爭食李(li)(li)(li)青(qing)紅(hong)。 據《華陽國(guo)志》:“古汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郡(今茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian))崇伯鯀子娶有(you)莘氏女(nv)治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)……汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郡的(de)(de)涂(tu)禹山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)生禹。禹治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)后,滄(cang)海變良田。昔有(you)蜀山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)部族(zu)開拓桑麻桃李(li)(li)(li)。”可(ke)見李(li)(li)(li)子在茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)栽(zai)植已有(you)幾(ji)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。 公元(yuan)前三千(qian)四(si)百六十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)八月初三,爾(er)瑪(ma)(羌族(zu))蠶叢氏長(chang)子雅(ya)魯接任酋長(chang)后率部族(zu)依(yi)(yi)勢疏導山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui),使(shi)沼澤(ze)變牧場,牛(niu)、羊、馬,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地繁衍、臺地播(bo)種爾(er)咪(mi)(桃)撤依(yi)(yi)咪(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)),五(wu)谷;五(wu)谷豐(feng)登(deng)。雅(ya)魯在汶(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)源出流(liu)經岷之小盆地依(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)傍水(shui)(shui)建城堡,四(si)周廣植爾(er)咪(mi)(桃)撤依(yi)(yi)咪(mi)(李(li)(li)(li)),因其周身是寶,將撤依(yi)(yi)咪(mi)(李(li)(li)(li))種于巷陌。茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)紀念(nian)他(ta)(ta)們(men)為(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)產(chan)業做出的(de)(de)巨大(da)貢獻,將兩片樹(shu)(shu)齡70年(nian)(nian)(nian)以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)老李(li)(li)(li)園分別取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“禹公李(li)(li)(li)園”和“雅(ya)魯李(li)(li)(li)園”。 爾(er)瑪(ma)(羌族(zu))視李(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)禮(li),在婚喪、服飾、咂酒(jiu)和冠禮(li)中用李(li)(li)(li)敬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)、天(tian)(tian)神(shen),求得(de)祝(zhu)福(fu)和保佑。民(min)國(guo)24年(nian)(nian)(nian),楊家閣為(wei)(wei)幫紅(hong)四(si)方面(mian)軍籌(chou)集(ji)軍糧,發動貧苦人(ren)民(min)上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)采摘李(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)千(qian)余(yu)(yu)擔(dan)充(chong)饑(ji)、入藥,同年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,楊家閣壯烈犧牲。當地百姓為(wei)(wei)紀念(nian)他(ta)(ta)栽(zai)植李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)百余(yu)(yu)株(zhu),成活至今有(you)30余(yu)(yu)株(zhu),取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“家閣李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)”,距今70余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。1935年(nian)(nian)(nian),紅(hong)四(si)方面(mian)軍在茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)群眾為(wei)(wei)其籌(chou)集(ji)軍糧并采李(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)充(chong)饑(ji),果(guo)(guo)核為(wei)(wei)藥,為(wei)(wei)感(gan)謝(xie)羌族(zu)人(ren)民(min),北(bei)上(shang)(shang)前為(wei)(wei)當地栽(zai)植李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)五(wu)十(shi)余(yu)(yu)株(zhu),成活至今有(you)十(shi)余(yu)(yu)株(zhu),羌人(ren)現取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“紅(hong)軍李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)”,距今70余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。 目(mu)前茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內仍(reng)有(you)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)李(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)5000余(yu)(yu)株(zhu)生長(chang)開花結果(guo)(guo),其頑強的(de)(de)生命力如《爾(er)雅(ya)》云:“五(wu)沃之土,其木(mu)宜梅(mei)李(li)(li)(li)。”令(ling)人(ren)驚(jing)嘆。 這(zhe)里盛產(chan)的(de)(de)李(li)(li)(li)子果(guo)(guo)面(mian)亮麗、光(guang)滑有(you)光(guang)澤(ze)、果(guo)(guo)粉(fen)厚,質地爽口脆嫩、香氣濃郁(yu),可(ke)溶性固形物高,果(guo)(guo)核離核,可(ke)食率高達(da)97%以上(shang)(shang),品質上(shang)(shang)等(deng),耐(nai)貯運,深受廣大(da)消費者喜愛,售(shou)價達(da)7-10元(yuan)/kg,產(chan)品遠銷(xiao)新(xin)加坡、日本、韓國(guo)、香港、深圳、重慶(qing)、云南、貴州、西安等(deng)地,產(chan)生了巨大(da)的(de)(de)經濟效益,名(ming)聲遠揚。
自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素
茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李(li)產(chan)區(qu)地(di)處四(si)川(chuan)省茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南北部,地(di)形(xing)西(xi)北高(gao)(gao)(gao)、東南低(di),形(xing)態(tai)以中山(shan)深切割為(wei)特點,屬(shu)四(si)川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)西(xi)緣(yuan)山(shan)地(di),地(di)貌(mao)以高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)峽谷地(di)帶為(wei)主。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)2.85%-4.83%,PH值5.75-8.58,全(quan)氮含(han)量(liang)0.142%-0.451%、富含(han)磷、鉀(jia)(jia),全(quan)磷0.104%-0.226%、全(quan)鉀(jia)(jia)2.5%-3.3%、水解氮70.95mg/kg-116.85mg/kg、有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)磷16.26mg/kg-555.2mg/kg、速(su)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鉀(jia)(jia)79.10mg/kg-135.44mg/kg。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)通透性(xing)(xing)好,灌溉條件(jian)和(he)排水性(xing)(xing)好,非常適合李(li)子(zi)生長發育,是種植茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李(li)得天獨厚的(de)(de)自然條件(jian)。 茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)型(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)候,受西(xi)風環流(liu)南支(zhi)急流(liu)和(he)印度(du)洋(yang)西(xi)南風及(ji)地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌(mao)影響,形(xing)成(cheng)時空變化大,小氣(qi)(qi)候效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)突出的(de)(de)特點。 產(chan)區(qu)環境特點為(wei):冬長夏(xia)短、春秋相(xiang)連,雨(yu)旱分(fen)明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),陽光充(chong)足,河谷多(duo)風;有(you)(you)(you)別(bie)于(yu)(yu)四(si)川(chuan)盆(pen)周(zhou)山(shan)地(di)及(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)。與省內其它李(li)產(chan)區(qu)相(xiang)比具備發展(zhan)優質(zhi)李(li)的(de)(de)獨特環境條件(jian):一是海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)適宜(yi),在海拔1470米(mi)(mi)-2300米(mi)(mi)之間,是茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李(li)生長的(de)(de)最佳海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du);二是年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi) 溫(wen)適宜(yi),該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)11.2℃,最低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-11.6℃,7月平均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度(du)20.9℃,最高(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)32℃;三是光照(zhao)條件(jian)十分(fen)充(chong)沛,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時數1557.1小時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)總輻射(she)(she)量(liang)為(wei)100.90千卡(ka)/平方(fang)厘米(mi)(mi),光合有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)輻射(she)(she)49.50 千卡(ka)/平方(fang)厘米(mi)(mi),適于(yu)(yu)李(li)子(zi)生長的(de)(de)4-9月,有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)輻射(she)(she)量(liang)可達(da)29.90千卡(ka)/平方(fang)厘米(mi)(mi),約占(zhan)總量(liang)的(de)(de)60.5%;四(si)是全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)雨(yu)熱同季,溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)較差(cha)(cha)小、日較差(cha)(cha)達(da)10℃以上(shang),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水偏少,多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)僅490.0mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)1375.7mm。 綜上(shang)所述:茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)、礦物質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao),灌溉方(fang)便,冬長夏(xia)短、溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)年(nian)(nian)(nian)較差(cha)(cha)小,日較差(cha)(cha)大,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)小,日照(zhao)充(chong)足的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)型(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)候獨特性(xing)(xing);形(xing)成(cheng)茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)李(li)果(guo)(guo)面亮麗,光滑有(you)(you)(you)光澤(ze),果(guo)(guo)粉厚,質(zhi)地(di)爽口(kou)脆嫩,香氣(qi)(qi)濃郁(yu),可溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)固形(xing)物高(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)14%,果(guo)(guo)核離核,可食率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)97%以上(shang),品(pin)質(zhi)上(shang)等,耐貯運的(de)(de)獨特品(pin)質(zhi)。
地域范圍
茂縣李地理(li)標志地域保護(hu)范圍包括(kuo)鳳儀、南新(xin)和疊溪3個(ge)鎮(zhen)和渭門、溝口、雅都、曲(qu)谷(gu)、洼底、白溪、三龍、回龍、黑(hei)(hei)虎(hu)、飛(fei)虹、太平(ping)、松(song)坪、石(shi)大(da)關13個(ge)鄉。地理(li)坐標為:東(dong)(dong)經102°56′-104°10′,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯31°25′-32°16′。茂縣位(wei)于川(chuan)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)地區,東(dong)(dong)與北(bei)(bei)(bei)川(chuan)、安縣、綿竹(zhu)毗(pi)鄰,南與彭州市、汶川(chuan)、什邡接壤(rang),西與理(li)縣、黑(hei)(hei)水相鄰,北(bei)(bei)(bei)與松(song)潘連接,南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長94.8公里,東(dong)(dong)西寬116.5公里。保護(hu)面積2000公頃,年產量8.25萬噸。
品質特性特征
(1)獨(du)特(te)感官特(te)征:茂縣(xian)李果實整齊度好、果形端正(zheng),具(ju)有(you)本(ben)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的固有(you)特(te)征果皮色(se)澤,具(ju)有(you)本(ben)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)成熟(shu)時應有(you)的果肉色(se)澤,李果面亮麗,光滑有(you)光澤,果粉厚,質(zhi)地爽(shuang)口脆嫩,香氣濃(nong)郁,果核(he)離(li)核(he),品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)上等,耐(nai)貯運(yun)的獨(du)特(te)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。
(2)獨特內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:茂(mao)縣李具(ju)有(you)高糖(tang)低(di)酸的(de)品質(zhi)特點,硬度(du)大(da)于(yu)10.4kg/平方厘米,可(ke)溶性(xing)固形(xing)物大(da)于(yu)12.5%,可(ke)滴定酸小(xiao)于(yu)1.06%,含(han)糖(tang)量大(da)于(yu)9.8%,可(ke)食率大(da)于(yu)97%。