產地環境
涼山(shan)州具有發(fa)(fa)展馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯的獨(du)特自然資源(yuan),獨(du)特的立體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)件(jian),一(yi)年四季(ji)(ji)都可(ke)以(yi)種植(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯。高二半山(shan)區(qu)、河(he)谷流域、平壩(ba)地區(qu)具有與馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯原產(chan)地極其(qi)(qi)相似的生(sheng)態(tai)條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)(he)良(liang)好的無污染環境,被譽(yu)為中(zhong)國最(zui)佳馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯種植(zhi)區(qu)域之一(yi)。涼山(shan)州一(yi)年可(ke)種植(zhi)春、秋(qiu)、冬(dong)三(san)季(ji)(ji)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯,而(er)且能規模發(fa)(fa)展。秋(qiu)、冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)主要生(sheng)產(chan)菜用型(xing)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯,春季(ji)(ji)主要生(sheng)產(chan)淀粉加(jia)工(gong)(gong)型(xing)、菜用型(xing)和(he)(he)糧用型(xing)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯。涼山(shan)州馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯主產(chan)區(qu)遠離城區(qu),無工(gong)(gong)業污染,海拔較高,晝夜溫差大,光照充足(zu),空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)清(qing)新,水(shui)質純凈,雨水(shui)充沛,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫涼,有利(li)于馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)薯的生(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)育、薯塊的膨大、干物質的積累和(he)(he)保持良(liang)好的品(pin)種特性。相同品(pin)種在(zai)該州種植(zhi),淀粉含量(liang)比其(qi)(qi)它地區(qu)提高1~2個百(bai)分點(dian),有利(li)于加(jia)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)相關(guan)產(chan)品(pin)。
品種品質
涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山馬鈴薯的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)主要有(you)(you)(you)米拉、涼(liang)(liang)(liang)薯97、涼(liang)(liang)(liang)薯3、涼(liang)(liang)(liang)薯30、涼(liang)(liang)(liang)薯14號(hao)、克(ke)疫等。隨著市場(chang)發展的(de)需求,加大(da)了新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育、引(yin)進(jin)(jin)和推廣力度,先(xian)后選育引(yin)進(jin)(jin)試驗示范推廣了涼(liang)(liang)(liang)薯17、涼(liang)(liang)(liang)薯8號(hao)、合作88、會(hui)-2、HP2、抗青9-1、大(da)西(xi)洋、布(bu)爾班克(ke)等品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),既有(you)(you)(you)淀(dian)粉含(han)量高、芽(ya)眼淺的(de)淀(dian)粉加工型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),又有(you)(you)(you)早熟、淀(dian)粉含(han)量低的(de)菜用型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)和薯條、薯片加工型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),還有(you)(you)(you)烏(wu)洋芋等地(di)方特色品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。
涼山(shan)馬鈴薯(shu)薯(shu)塊大,商(shang)品薯(shu)比例高(gao),畸(ji)形薯(shu)、小薯(shu)、爛薯(shu)較(jiao)少(shao),耐貯(zhu)藏(zang)。主栽品種淀(dian)粉含(han)(han)量高(gao),平(ping)均淀(dian)粉含(han)(han)量在16%以上(shang),最高(gao)的(de)涼薯(shu)14達到20.07%;干物(wu)質含(han)(han)量高(gao),平(ping)均干物(wu)質含(han)(han)量在24%以上(shang)。
截至2010年,涼山馬鈴薯(shu)獲得了國家地理標志、全國綠色食品原(yuan)料馬鈴薯(shu)標準(zhun)化生產基地、國家商標注冊(ce)。布拖(tuo)烏洋(yang)芋(yu)已成為涼山馬鈴薯(shu)中的極品,成為國宴上的美味佳(jia)肴。
生產情況
馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)是涼山傳(chuan)統優(you)勢農作物,是涼山州(zhou)二(er)半山以上(shang)地區最重要的糧經作物,彝(yi)族祖祖輩(bei)輩(bei)都有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的習慣,早(zao)在17世紀就有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。2005年(nian)開始(shi),涼山州(zhou)把馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)作為(wei)農民增(zeng)收(shou)的優(you)勢支柱產(chan)業(ye)(ye)來(lai)抓,2006年(nian)全(quan)州(zhou)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)137萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),總產(chan)200萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun),商品率(lv)40%。分別比2004年(nian)增(zeng)加21萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),50萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun),7個百分點,產(chan)量居四川(chuan)省第一位,平均畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)鮮(xian)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)1460公斤,薯(shu)(shu)(shu)農現金收(shou)入4億元。2007年(nian)全(quan)州(zhou)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)突破160萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),總產(chan)235萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)以上(shang)。
涼(liang)山馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規模大(da),全州17縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)均有(you)大(da)面積(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。2007年馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)較多,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)在10萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上的(de)有(you)鹽源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、布(bu)拖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭覺(jue)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、越西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)5個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);5~10萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)會東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷波縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、喜德(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、美姑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、冕寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西昌市(shi)、甘洛(luo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)9個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)。154個馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)在3000畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上的(de)大(da)鄉鎮。
在良種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)育方(fang)面,到2007年(nian)基本形成了以州農科所脫毒(du)種(zhong)(zhong)薯繁(fan)(fan)殖中心生(sheng)產
涼(liang)山加工企(qi)業(ye)大量收購馬鈴(ling)薯
原原種,縣(xian)級(ji)網室生(sheng)產(chan)原種,13個馬鈴薯(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)重點縣(xian)建(jian)立1300畝以上的原種擴繁基(ji)地(di),13000畝一級(ji)良種繁育基(ji)地(di),130000畝二級(ji)良種繁育基(ji)地(di)供應大田生(sheng)產(chan)的脫(tuo)毒種薯(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)繁育推廣體系。
加(jia)工(gong)(gong)銷售(shou)方面,以2007年(nian),全州共有初(chu)(chu)精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)作坊、企業(ye)(ye)338家。豪吉(ji)集團(tuan)、科興薯(shu)業(ye)(ye)、豐年(nian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)、吉(ji)鑫薯(shu)業(ye)(ye)4家龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)6個大(da)型加(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)已投入(ru)生產,鹽源縣世富(fu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)正在(zai)建(jian)設,布拖的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)正在(zai)籌建(jian)中,加(jia)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)網(wang)絡已基本(ben)建(jian)成。鮮(xian)薯(shu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)能(neng)力(li)100萬噸,逐步實(shi)現(xian)馬鈴薯(shu)產地(di)初(chu)(chu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong),縣級精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong),州級深(shen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong),提高了產品競爭力(li)和附加(jia)值。全州馬鈴薯(shu)產業(ye)(ye)專業(ye)(ye)協會、營銷大(da)戶(hu)、農(nong)民經(jing)紀(ji)人隊(dui)伍、股份公司等不斷涌(yong)現(xian)并發展壯(zhuang)大(da),到2007年(nian),馬鈴薯(shu)鮮(xian)薯(shu)銷售(shou)為(wei)主的(de)(de)營銷大(da)戶(hu)60多戶(hu),農(nong)民經(jing)紀(ji)人約900多人。