一.產品介紹
洪井鄉(xiang)位(wei)于(yu)黎城(cheng)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)西(xi)北部,距縣(xian)城(cheng)僅8公(gong)里(li),扼全縣(xian)南北交(jiao)通(tong)之(zhi)要沖,207國道縱(zong)貫(guan)全境,19條通(tong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)水泥(ni)路(lu)、柏油(you)路(lu)整潔(jie)平坦,縱(zong)橫交(jiao)錯,形成(cheng)四通(tong)八達的(de)交(jiao)通(tong)網(wang)絡,交(jiao)通(tong)十分便利(li)。該鄉(xiang)南北長16公(gong)里(li),東西(xi)寬5公(gong)里(li),總面積92平方公(gong)里(li),大(da)部分屬于(yu)丘陵山區(qu),自然地理位(wei)置位(wei)于(yu)東經113°35′83″至(zhi)(zhi)113°39′93″北緯36°56′77″至(zhi)(zhi)36°62′07″,平均海拔800米左右,共轄24個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun),共有2809戶(hu),11800口人。三皇(huang)米生(sheng)產(chan)基地主(zhu)要分布在洪井鄉(xiang)的(de)煙子村(cun)(cun)(cun)、白云村(cun)(cun)(cun)、洪河村(cun)(cun)(cun)、山窯頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)、吳(wu)家(jia)峧(jiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、橫嶺村(cun)(cun)(cun)、劉家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、石橋(qiao)背村(cun)(cun)(cun)、程家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)等(deng)十多個山區(qu)村(cun)(cun)(cun),區(qu)域內(nei)耕地總面積670公(gong)傾(qing),主(zhu)要推廣品(pin)種有晉(jin)谷21、晉(jin)谷35、沁州(zhou)黃等(deng)品(pin)種,年平均單產(chan)250公(gong)斤左右,總產(chan)75萬公(gong)斤左右。
二.自(zi)然生態環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷(li)史因素
三(san)皇米(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地區處于(yu)(yu)(yu)丘陵山區,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)以紅土(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,保(bao)水(shui)、保(bao)肥力強(qiang),磷鉀(jia)等礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)豐富,所產(chan)(chan)谷(gu)子質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)上乘,自(zi)古就是我縣小米(mi)集中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地,也是縣城居民餐桌(zhuo)上的(de)首選小米(mi)。該區土(tu)(tu)壤PH值為(wei)(wei)8,有機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)加(jia)權平均(jun)值為(wei)(wei)1.43%,全氮(dan)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)0.083%,速(su)(su)效磷為(wei)(wei)15ppm,速(su)(su)效鉀(jia)為(wei)(wei)195ppm,代換量(liang)19.5me/100g土(tu)(tu)。有機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)權平均(jun)值為(wei)(wei)1.43%,全氮(dan)量(liang)0.083%,速(su)(su)效鉀(jia)195ppm,速(su)(su)效磷15ppm,高于(yu)(yu)(yu)平均(jun)含量(liang)。耕種土(tu)(tu)壤肥力壯況為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)等水(shui)平,且(qie)土(tu)(tu)壤深厚(hou),非常適宜谷(gu)子生(sheng)長。三(san)皇米(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區域位于(yu)(yu)(yu)山區丘陵地帶(dai),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)以雨(yu)養(yang)為(wei)(wei)主,無(wu)河流渠(qu)系,且(qie)地下水(shui)位深,基地農(nong)(nong)(nong)田完全屬(shu)自(zi)然(ran)雨(yu)養(yang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業,農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)無(wu)污染,農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品符合無(wu)公害(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun)。三(san)皇米(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區域氣(qi)候(hou)屬(shu)典型的(de)溫帶(dai)大(da)陸性氣(qi)候(hou),春(chun)夏秋(qiu)冬四(si)季分明,年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)450mm左右(you),年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫8.5℃左右(you),無(wu)霜期(qi)170天左右(you),年(nian)平均(jun)相對濕度(du)60%,年(nian)日(ri)照數平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)2500小時(shi)左右(you),農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)生(sheng)長期(qi)晝夜溫差大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)11℃,這(zhe)種獨(du)特(te)的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件,決(jue)定(ding)了該區域所生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)谷(gu)子,具(ju)有生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周(zhou)期(qi)長,利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)干(gan)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)積累的(de)特(te)點,形成(cheng)了三(san)皇小米(mi)色澤金黃米(mi)質(zhi)(zhi)綿軟(ruan)、清香(xiang)怡人的(de)獨(du)特(te)品質(zhi)(zhi)。
三.地域范圍
洪井鄉(xiang)位(wei)于黎城(cheng)縣縣城(cheng)西北部,距縣城(cheng)僅(jin)8公(gong)(gong)里(li),扼全縣南北交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)之(zhi)要(yao)沖,207國道縱(zong)貫全境, 19條通(tong)村(cun)(cun)水泥路、柏油路整潔平(ping)坦,縱(zong)橫交(jiao)(jiao)錯,形成(cheng)四通(tong)八達的交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)網絡,交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)便利。該鄉(xiang)南北長16公(gong)(gong)里(li),東(dong)西寬(kuan)5公(gong)(gong)里(li),總面(mian)積(ji)92平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),大(da)部分(fen)(fen)屬于丘陵(ling)山區(qu),自(zi)然地(di)理位(wei)置位(wei)于東(dong)經113°35′83″至(zhi)113°39′93″北緯36°56′77″至(zhi)36°62′07″,平(ping)均海拔800米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),共轄24個行政村(cun)(cun),共有(you)2809戶,11800口(kou)人。三(san)皇米(mi)生產(chan)基地(di)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布在洪井鄉(xiang)的煙子(zi)村(cun)(cun)、白(bai)云村(cun)(cun)、洪河(he)村(cun)(cun)、山窯頭村(cun)(cun)、吳家(jia)峧(jiao)村(cun)(cun)、橫嶺村(cun)(cun)、劉家(jia)村(cun)(cun)、石橋背村(cun)(cun)、程(cheng)家(jia)村(cun)(cun)等(deng)十(shi)多(duo)個山區(qu)村(cun)(cun),區(qu)域(yu)內耕地(di)總面(mian)積(ji)670公(gong)(gong)傾,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)推廣品(pin)種有(you)晉谷(gu)21、晉谷(gu)35、沁州黃等(deng)品(pin)種,年平(ping)均單產(chan)250公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左(zuo)右(you),總產(chan)75萬公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左(zuo)右(you)。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
1、外在感官特征:三皇(huang)小米,金黃透亮(liang),圓(yuan)潤飽(bao)滿,口感綿甜,粘糯爽口,清(qing)香四溢(yi);蒸煮(zhu)皆宜(yi),釀(niang)酒(jiu)清(qing)香;夕日皇(huang)宮貢品,今朝(chao)桌上佳肴。三皇(huang)小米,主要(yao)原料品種是晉谷21號(hao)(hao),該品種單桿穗(sui)(sui)大(da),中晚熟,穗(sui)(sui)長(chang)(chang)34.6cm。長(chang)(chang)立錘形,小穗(sui)(sui)較長(chang)(chang),刺毛短,單穗(sui)(sui)重(zhong)21.72g,千粒重(zhong)3.54g。抗粟瘟病,對白(bai)發病免疫。晉谷21號(hao)(hao)系白(bai)谷黃米,其米黃度其它品種無(wu)法相比(bi),煮(zhu)粥粘碗掛鍋,適口性好。
2、內(nei)在品(pin)(pin)質指標:該產品(pin)(pin)于(yu)二OO九(jiu)年(nian)六月十二日(ri)經(jing)譜尼(ni)測試(shi)科技(北京(jing))有限公(gong)司(si)品(pin)(pin)質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測,結(jie)果表明:氫基酸總量檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測結(jie)果約(yue)(yue)為(wei) 10.888g/100g,高于(yu)普(pu)通產品(pin)(pin)均值(zhi)約(yue)(yue)10.4g/100g;本產品(pin)(pin)含(han)有維生素C較高檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測值(zhi)為(wei)約(yue)(yue)3.17mg/100g;蛋白質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測結(jie)果約(yue)(yue)為(wei)10.3g/100g,明顯(xian)高于(yu)普(pu)通產品(pin)(pin)均值(zhi)。
3、安全(quan)要求:產品質量(liang)安全(quan)執行NY5305---2005無公(gong)害食品粟米(mi)標準(zhun),衛生指標應符合GB2715規定。三皇小(xiao)米(mi)不應使(shi)用添(tian)加(jia)劑(ji),黃曲霉毒素(su)≤5,六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)≤0.05mg/kg;甲(jia)基毒死(si)蜱≤50.05mg/kg,溴氰菊酯(zhi)≤0.5mg/kg,無機砷≤0.15 mg/kg,鉛(qian)≤0.2mg/kg ,汞0.02≤mg/kg,檸檬黃不得檢(jian)出。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產地(di)(di)選擇:種(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)(di)選擇在海拔800-900米左(zuo)右,遠離工業等污染區,地(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦,保水保肥(fei),排水良好,肥(fei)力中等的地(di)(di)塊(kuai),避免選擇重茬地(di)(di)塊(kuai)。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇:品種(zhong)(zhong)以晉谷21號(hao)、晉谷35號(hao)或沁州黃為主,種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)應符合GB44041-1966《農作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量標(biao)準(zhun)》發(fa)芽率不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)90%,純度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)94%,凈度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)96%,水份(fen)不(bu)(bu)高于(yu)(yu)(yu)14%,播前一周,選晴天(tian)將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)推放于(yu)(yu)(yu)適合涼(liang)曬的(de)(de)地(di)方,厚度(du)(du)2-3公(gong)分,翻(fan)曬2-3天(tian),亦可(ke)在(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)前3-5天(tian)將(jiang)谷種(zhong)(zhong)放在(zai)10%的(de)(de)鹽(yan)水沖泡10-15分鐘,撈出漂在(zai)水面上的(de)(de)秕(bi)谷和雜物(wu),再將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)清水洗(xi)2-3次,晾干備(bei)用(yong)(yong)或播前用(yong)(yong)0.3—0.5%的(de)(de)瑞毒(du)霉粉(fen)劑拌種(zhong)(zhong),防治白發(fa)病(bing)。
3、生產(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理:嚴格執行(xing)國家(jia)NY/ T 5117-2002無公(gong)害農產(chan)品標準和(he)黎城(cheng)縣無公(gong)害谷(gu)子(zi)生產(chan)技術操作規程。科(ke)學施(shi)肥(fei)——底(di)肥(fei)使用(yong)充分(fen)腐(fu)熟的農家(jia)肥(fei),一般(ban)畝(mu)施(shi)2500—4000公(gong)斤,化肥(fei)每畝(mu)施(shi)磷酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二銨(an)15-20kg,尿(niao)素10-15kg,硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)5kg。磷酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二銨(an)和(he)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)作為(wei)(wei)底(di)肥(fei)與有機(ji)肥(fei)一同施(shi)入,尿(niao)素作為(wei)(wei)追(zhui)肥(fei)在(zai)孕穗(sui)期(qi)施(shi)用(yong),不得使用(yong)含(han)有亞硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽的無機(ji)化肥(fei)。適期(qi)播種——一般(ban)氣(qi)溫(wen)穩定在(zai)17℃,10厘米地溫(wen)穩定在(zai)14℃,約5月(yue)15日(ri)—20日(ri)較為(wei)(wei)適宜(yi)(yi)。采(cai)用(yong)木樓(lou)或機(ji)樓(lou)播種、畝(mu)播量0.5-0.75公(gong)斤,播深(shen)3-4cm,一般(ban)畝(mu)留苗(miao)2.5-3萬株(zhu)。間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)——“谷(gu)間(jian)(jian)寸、頂(ding)上糞”谷(gu)子(zi)長(chang)至(zhi)3-5葉時間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)最宜(yi)(yi)。中耕除(chu)草——結合定苗(miao)時進行(xing),中耕淺培(pei)土(tu),孕穗(sui)期(qi)鋤草高培(pei)土(tu),深(shen)度5厘米左右。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防治——谷(gu)子(zi)主(zhu)要病(bing)害為(wei)(wei)白發病(bing),可(ke)用(yong)瑞(rui)毒霉拌種,蟲(chong)(chong)害主(zhu)要是粘(zhan)蟲(chong)(chong)、玉米螟(ming),可(ke) 用(yong)20%速滅(mie)殺丁乳油5000倍液噴霧(wu)防治。收獲(huo)——谷(gu)子(zi)在(zai)臘熟末期(qi)或晚熟初期(qi)子(zi)粒變(bian)硬,成熟“斷(duan)青”后,首先(xian)在(zai)田間(jian)(jian)去除(chu)病(bing)、殘(can)、雜穗(sui),將整株(zhu)收割后連桿寄養(yang)2~3天,再(zai)切穗(sui)脫粒、晾(liang)曬、入庫。
4、生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要求——詳細(xi)(xi)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)生(sheng)產(chan)操作日期、施用農(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin)的名(ming)稱、生(sheng)產(chan)廠家、施用量(liang)等(deng)。產(chan)品(pin)加工記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要求——記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)加工時間、負責人、數量(liang)、工藝流程、產(chan)品(pin)等(deng)級、自檢結(jie)果、產(chan)品(pin)包裝名(ming)稱、規格、貼(tie)標人、成(cheng)品(pin)入庫數量(liang)、時間等(deng)詳細(xi)(xi)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)。