一·自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)壤地(di)貌情(qing)況:肇(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)位于(yu)黑龍江省西(xi)南部,松(song)花江之北,松(song)嫩平(ping)(ping)原腹地(di),背靠(kao)大慶油(you)田,東部與(yu)(yu)肇(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)東市比鄰,西(xi)部與(yu)(yu)大同區交界(jie),南部與(yu)(yu)肇(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)源縣(xian)接壤,北部與(yu)(yu)安達(da)市相連,海拔高度在134-578米(mi)之間,平(ping)(ping)均海拔150米(mi)左右(you),農業區平(ping)(ping)均海拔167米(mi)左右(you)。肇(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)是(shi)"全國糧食(shi)生(sheng)產先進縣(xian)"、"全國農業標準化(hua)示范(fan)縣(xian)"。肇(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)州(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)屬于(yu)沖擊性平(ping)(ping)原,地(di)處世界(jie)公認的(de)第二大黃金(jin)玉(yu)米(mi)帶,土(tu)壤多為黑鈣土(tu)和(he)草甸(dian)圖,其中有機(ji)質含量基本在2-4%,蓄水能力強,易反潤,光照(zhao)充足(zu),熱量豐(feng)富(fu),適宜糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)作物(wu)生(sheng)長,產出的(de)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)顆(ke)粒飽滿,色澤光亮(liang),口感粘糯(nuo)(nuo)。
2、氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)征:肇州(zhou)縣氣(qi)候(hou)屬中溫帶大陸性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou),一(yi)年四季(ji)分明,春季(ji)多(duo)風(feng)干旱;夏(xia)季(ji)溫熱多(duo)雨;秋季(ji)溫涼適(shi)中;冬季(ji)寒冷干燥。年均活(huo)動積溫2800℃,無霜期143天。肇州(zhou)縣的氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點(dian)是典型的水旱兼作(zuo)農業氣(qi)候(hou)區。
二.地域范圍
肇州(zhou)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處黑龍(long)江省西南(nan)部(bu)(bu),松(song)花江之北(bei),松(song)嫩平原腹地(di)(di)(di),背靠大慶油田,東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)與(yu)肇東(dong)(dong)市比鄰,西部(bu)(bu)與(yu)大同區交界,南(nan)部(bu)(bu)與(yu)肇源縣(xian)接壤,北(bei)部(bu)(bu)與(yu)安達市相連(lian)。全縣(xian)幅(fu)員面(mian)(mian)積2445平方公里(li),肇州(zhou)糯玉(yu)米(mi)的保護區域(yu)(yu)包括肇州(zhou)鎮(zhen)、興(xing)城鎮(zhen)、豐樂鎮(zhen)、永(yong)樂鎮(zhen)、二(er)井子鎮(zhen)、朝(chao)陽溝鎮(zhen)、榆(yu)樹鄉、新(xin)福(fu)鄉、永(yong)勝(sheng)鄉、雙(shuang)發鄉、托古鄉、朝(chao)陽鄉15個鄉鎮(zhen),地(di)(di)(di)理坐標為東(dong)(dong)經(jing)124°48′12″~125°48′03″,北(bei)緯45°35′02″~46°16′08″,地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)保護范圍(wei)面(mian)(mian)積222萬畝(mu),轄區糯玉(yu)米(mi)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積5.26萬畝(mu),年產量9.25萬噸(dun)。
三.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官:肇州糯玉(yu)米(mi)穗形粒型一致,顆(ke)粒飽滿,排列(lie)整齊,口感香(xiang)粘(zhan)柔(rou)嫩(nen)微甜,色澤晶(jing)瑩透亮(liang),可蒸熟、煮熟、烤熟食用。成熟脫粒后的糯玉(yu)米(mi)顆(ke)粒飽滿,米(mi)質晶(jing)瑩。
2、內在品質指標(biao):肇(zhao)州糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(鮮食)粗(cu)蛋(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)4%,粗(cu)脂肪含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)小于(yu)(yu)3%,支鏈淀(dian)粉(fen)(fen)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)90%,每100克(ke)維(wei)生(sheng)素B2含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)0.1毫克(ke),鈣含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)2毫克(ke),鎂含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)50毫克(ke)。肇(zhao)州糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(成品)粗(cu)蛋(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)8%,粗(cu)脂肪含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)小于(yu)(yu)5%,支鏈淀(dian)粉(fen)(fen)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)90%,每100克(ke)維(wei)生(sheng)素B2含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)0.02毫克(ke),鈣含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)4毫克(ke),鎂含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)80毫克(ke)。
3、成(cheng)熟籽粒(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質:成(cheng)熟脫(tuo)粒(li)(li)后的(de)(de)糯玉米(mi)顆粒(li)(li)飽滿,米(mi)質晶瑩。4、安全(quan)要求(qiu):肇州糯玉米(mi)符(fu)合(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)國(guo)家(jia)標準食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農藥最大殘留限量》(GB 2763-2014)和《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)國(guo)家(jia)標準食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)污染物(wu)限量》(GB2762-2012)。5、包裝標識等相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)定:產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在運(yun)輸(shu)過程中(zhong)運(yun)輸(shu)工具應(ying)清潔、干燥、有(you)防(fang)雨設施。嚴禁與(yu)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)、有(you)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性、有(you)異(yi)味的(de)(de)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)混運(yun)。在避光(guang)、常溫(wen)、干燥和有(you)防(fang)潮(chao)設施的(de)(de)地方貯(zhu)藏。貯(zhu)藏設施應(ying)清潔、干燥、通風、無蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)和鼠(shu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。嚴禁與(yu)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)、有(you)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性、易發霉(mei)、發潮(chao)、有(you)異(yi)味的(de)(de)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)混存。包裝應(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)市場(chang)流通產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)包裝的(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)規(gui)定,正(zheng)確規(gui)范地使用標志。
四.特定生產方式
1、整地(di)(di)(di)(di)及保(bao)護性(xing)耕作:1.1、整地(di)(di)(di)(di):1.1.1、秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)翻(fan)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)整地(di)(di)(di)(di):2-3年(nian)輪翻(fan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci),或采(cai)用(yong)(yong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)松措施(shi)(shi)(深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)度35-40cm)。前作收獲后(hou)(hou),及時(shi)滅茬(cha)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)翻(fan),做(zuo)到(dao)根(gen)茬(cha)翻(fan)埋良(liang)好,耕深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)18-25cm,耕后(hou)(hou)及時(shi)耙(pa)、壓,注(zhu)意保(bao)墑(di),在(zai)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)季(ji)(ji)達到(dao)可(ke)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)狀態(tai)。1.1.2、秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)翻(fan)春(chun)整地(di)(di)(di)(di) 秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)翻(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di),待(dai)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)化(hua)凍(dong)15cm左右時(shi),就要耙(pa)、耢、起壟(long)、鎮(zhen)壓,達到(dao)待(dai)播(bo)狀態(tai)。1.1.3、低(di)洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai) 最好是秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)打壟(long),便于(yu)曬(shai)垡散(san)水。1.1.4、頂漿打壟(long) 春(chun)季(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)化(hua)凍(dong)15cm深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)時(shi),在(zai)已清除根(gen)茬(cha)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)上(shang)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)犁(li)(li)成(cheng)壟(long),深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)施(shi)(shi)底(di)肥(fei)(fei),隨打壟(long)、隨鎮(zhen)壓,以待(dai)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1.2、保(bao)護性(xing)耕作:1.2.1、寬(kuan)窄(zhai)(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)交互種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植 在(zai)耕層(ceng)較深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),把(ba)原(yuan)65cm行(xing)(xing)(xing)距兩(liang)(liang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)做(zuo)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條帶,改(gai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)40和90cm寬(kuan)窄(zhai)(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)在(zai)40cm窄(zhai)(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米,夏季(ji)(ji)在(zai)90cm寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距內深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)松25cm-35cm,幅寬(kuan)50cm-60cm,秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)季(ji)(ji)兩(liang)(liang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米留(liu)高茬(cha)60cm-70cm。第(di)二年(nian)在(zai)原(yuan)90cm的(de)(de)寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)松帶上(shang)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雙行(xing)(xing)(xing)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米,行(xing)(xing)(xing)距40cm。原(yuan)留(liu)高茬(cha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)成(cheng)為90cm寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing),夏季(ji)(ji)(6月下旬)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)松、滅茬(cha)、就地(di)(di)(di)(di)腐熟還田。1.2.2、壟(long)冊保(bao)護性(xing)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei) 在(zai)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕較薄、風蝕較重的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)壟(long)側保(bao)護性(xing)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)技術。保(bao)留(liu)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)季(ji)(ji)根(gen)茬(cha),播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法有兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)是人(ren)工等距點播(bo)。平地(di)(di)(di)(di)(壟(long)距較窄(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de))第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)采(cai)取該栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)方(fang)式的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai),可(ke)在(zai)原(yuan)壟(long)溝靠(kao)近另一(yi)(yi)(yi)條壟(long)側處(chu)先淺穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li),施(shi)(shi)入底(di)肥(fei)(fei),做(zuo)到(dao)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)施(shi)(shi),然后(hou)(hou)在(zai)壟(long)側深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li)起壟(long),用(yong)(yong)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器人(ren)工精量(liang)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),同時(shi)施(shi)(shi)入口肥(fei)(fei),覆土(tu)(tu)并腳踩鎮(zhen)壓保(bao)墑(di)。坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)或壟(long)距較寬(kuan)的(de)(de)可(ke)先在(zai)壟(long)溝施(shi)(shi)入底(di)肥(fei)(fei),然后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)接在(zai)壟(long)側深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li)起壟(long),用(yong)(yong)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、覆土(tu)(tu);二是跟犁(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)老壟(long)溝施(shi)(shi)入底(di)肥(fei)(fei),在(zai)壟(long)側穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li)破茬(cha)后(hou)(hou)跟犁(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),并施(shi)(shi)入口肥(fei)(fei),最后(hou)(hou)在(zai)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)壟(long)側深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)穿(chuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁(li)(li),掏墑(di)覆土(tu)(tu),單磙鎮(zhen)壓。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)苗(miao)帶封閉除草。1.2.3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域進行(xing)(xing)(xing)隔離,防止花粉污染降(jiang)低(di)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米的(de)(de)品(pin)質。
2、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適區選(xuan)擇(ze)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處理:2.1、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze):根據當地的(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件,因地制宜地選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)經國家和省品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定委員會(hui)審(shen)定通過的(de)(de)淀粉含量(liang)在72%的(de)(de)優質(zhi)、高(gao)產、抗逆性強(qiang)的(de)(de)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——黃糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)、紫花糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi),水肥條(tiao)件好的(de)(de)地塊(kuai)以(yi)耐(nai)密和半(ban)耐(nai)密型品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為主。2.2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)量(liang):種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)達到(dao)或超過國家種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)標(biao)準、適合當地條(tiao)件的(de)(de)優質(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。2.3、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處理:2.3.1、曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)3d-5d選(xuan)無風晴天把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)攤開在干(gan)燥(zao)向陽處曬(shai)2d-3d。 2.3.2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包衣(yi) 根據各地病(bing)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)發生情況,針對不(bu)同防治(zhi)對象,播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)劑進行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包衣(yi),防治(zhi)地下(xia)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)及黑穗病(bing)。
3、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):3.1、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期:當耕層(ceng)5cm深(shen)處地溫穩定通過(guo)6-8℃、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤耕層(ceng)含(han)水(shui)(shui)量在20%左右,即可(ke)(ke)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。當土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤含(han)水(shui)(shui)量低于18%時(shi),可(ke)(ke)在地溫穩定通過(guo)5℃時(shi)搶(qiang)(qiang)墑(di)(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。最佳播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期要隨春(chun)季(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤墑(di)(di)情適(shi)當調整,干(gan)旱年(nian)(nian)份可(ke)(ke)提前搶(qiang)(qiang)墑(di)(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),多(duo)雨年(nian)(nian)份可(ke)(ke)適(shi)當推(tui)遲播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以確保全苗。3.2、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法:3.2.1、機械播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 采(cai)用(yong)大型播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機或小型單機播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)深(shen)3cm-4cm,播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)淺一致,覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun)。當土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤含(han)水(shui)(shui)量不足(zu)18%搶(qiang)(qiang)墑(di)(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi),采(cai)取深(shen)開溝(gou)(gou),淺覆土(tu)(tu)(tu),重鎮壓(ya),把(ba)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)到濕(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上。3.2.2、人工(gong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 人工(gong)刨坑或機械開溝(gou)(gou)人工(gong)點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的地塊,要播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun),覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun),把(ba)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到濕(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后視墑(di)(di)鎮壓(ya)。3.2.3、坐水(shui)(shui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):適(shi)用(yong)于春(chun)季(ji)干(gan)旱嚴重的地區(qu)。開溝(gou)(gou)補水(shui)(shui)后再播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
4、間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong):應增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米種(zhong)(zhong)植行上的(de)密度。即2:1(2:0)間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米行上種(zhong)(zhong)植密度比該品種(zhong)(zhong)清(qing)種(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)50%;3:1的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)35%;4:1的(de)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)30%。
5、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):嚴(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)合理(li)(li)使(shi)用(yong)準則;根(gen)據糯玉(yu)米(mi)生長需(xu)要平衡施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),施(shi)(shi)用(yong)經過無害化處理(li)(li)的(de)秸稈有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及配(pei)合施(shi)(shi)用(yong)配(pei)比合理(li)(li)的(de)無機(ji)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原(yuan)則:以(yi)(yi)2000kg/畝有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),輔以(yi)(yi)其(qi)它肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao);以(yi)(yi)多元(yuan)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),單元(yuan)素(su)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)為輔;以(yi)(yi)施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為輔;盡量限制化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)用(yong);及時(shi)做好肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)田間檔案記錄;不(bu)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)城市生活垃圾肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
6、田間管理:6.1、查田補種:播種后(hou)及時查種、查芽(ya),對(dui)壞(huai)種、壞(huai)芽(ya)的應(ying)及時催(cui)芽(ya)坐水補種。6.2、間、定苗:幼苗3葉(xie)期(qi)間苗,4葉(xie)-5葉(xie)期(qi)定苗。留大苗、壯苗、齊苗,不要求等(deng)距,但要按(an)單(dan)位面積保苗密度留足苗,可多(duo)(duo)留一(yi)(yi)(yi)成苗,留作追(zhui)肥前(qian)去掉弱(ruo)、小、病(bing)、雜(za)苗時備用(yong),以(yi)保證定足苗。6.3、鏟趟(tang)(tang):及時鏟趟(tang)(tang),鏟前(qian)深(shen)趟(tang)(tang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁(li)。除免耕地(di)塊外,當(dang)幼苗長到(dao)2葉(xie)-3葉(xie)時,進行鏟前(qian)深(shen)趟(tang)(tang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁(li),追(zhui)肥后(hou)趟(tang)(tang)地(di)封垅。6.4、病(bing)、蟲(chong)、草(cao)、鼠防(fang)(fang)治:6.4.1、人工除草(cao)。6.4.2、大斑病(bing)防(fang)(fang)治:用(yong)50%多(duo)(duo)菌靈可濕(shi)性粉劑500倍(bei)液,或(huo)50%退菌特可濕(shi)性粉劑800倍(bei)液等(deng)藥劑,于糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)雄花期(qi)噴(pen)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)-2次(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔10d-15d噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。6.4.3、小斑病(bing)防(fang)(fang)治 發病(bing)初(chu)期(qi)用(yong)0%多(duo)(duo)菌靈可濕(shi)性粉劑500倍(bei)液,或(huo)65%代森錳鋅可濕(shi)性粉劑500倍(bei)液等(deng)藥劑,從心葉(xie)末(mo)期(qi)到(dao)抽(chou)雄期(qi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)7d噴(pen)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),連續(xu)噴(pen)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)-3次(ci)(ci)(ci)。6.4.4、粘蟲(chong) 6月(yue)中、下旬(xun)至7月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),如平均每(mei)(mei)(mei)株有一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)(tou)粘蟲(chong),畝用(yong)2.5%功夫乳油或(huo)20%速滅(mie)(mie)殺丁乳油20ml兌水30kg噴(pen)霧(wu),把粘蟲(chong)消(xiao)滅(mie)(mie)在三齡之(zhi)前(qian)。6.4.5、玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)螟:6.4.5.1、白僵(jiang)菌 一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)螟化(hua)(hua)蛹(yong)前(qian),對(dui)糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)和高(gao)粱秸、茬垛,每(mei)(mei)(mei)平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)用(yong)白僵(jiang)菌75g-100g和10倍(bei)的細土(或(huo)滑石粉)拌勻,噴(pen)粉封垛;或(huo)在糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)放(fang)螟羽(yu)化(hua)(hua)盛期(qi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)插2根-3根用(yong)50%敵敵畏乳油浸泡的高(gao)粱稈(gan)熏殺羽(yu)化(hua)(hua)成蟲(chong)。6.4.5.2、高(gao)壓汞燈(deng)捕殺 在糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)產區村屯的開闊地(di)(距房屋15m以(yi)上(shang)),每(mei)(mei)(mei)16公(gong)頃糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)田設(she)置一(yi)(yi)(yi)盞高(gao)壓汞燈(deng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在6月(yue)中下旬(xun)開燈(deng),7月(yue)末(mo)關(guan)燈(deng),每(mei)(mei)(mei)晚8點(dian)半開燈(deng),早4點(dian)關(guan)燈(deng)。6.4.5.3、赤眼蜂(feng)防(fang)(fang)治 在6月(yue)初(chu)-7月(yue)10日,剖稈(gan)調查,當(dang)糯(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)螟化(hua)(hua)蛹(yong)率大20%時,后(hou)推11d為第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)放(fang)蜂(feng)適期(qi),公(gong)頃放(fang)蜂(feng)10.5萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)。隔5d-7d再(zai)放(fang)第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci),放(fang)蜂(feng)12.0萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou),兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)共計(ji)放(fang)蜂(feng)22.5萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)。放(fang)蜂(feng)方法(fa):每(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)頃選15個-30個點(dian),將蜂(feng)卡固定在植株中部葉(xie)片背(bei)面。
7、產品收獲:8月15日(ri)(ri)前收獲鮮(xian)糯(nuo)玉米,9月26日(ri)(ri)收獲成熟的糯(nuo)玉米籽(zi)粒。
8、生產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要求:要做好(hao)生產全過程(cheng)的(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu),包括:種子、化肥、農藥的(de)(de)購銷(xiao)、使(shi)用(yong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu),粘糯玉米銷(xiao)售(shou)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)等(deng),記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要完整、真實(shi)(shi),保存兩年以上,投入品(pin)使(shi)用(yong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要真實(shi)(shi)反映(ying)原料生產全過程(cheng)。凡無投入品(pin)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)的(de)(de),協會不負責(ze)銷(xiao)售(shou)。
五(wu).包裝(zhuang)標識相關(guan)規定
1、符合下列條件(jian)的單位和個人(ren)(ren),可以向登記證書持有人(ren)(ren)申請使用農產品地理標(biao)志:
(1)生產(chan)經營的農產(chan)品產(chan)自(zi)登記地域(yu)范圍。
(2)已(yi)取得登(deng)記農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)相關的(de)生產(chan)經營(ying)資(zi)質。
(3)能夠嚴格按照規(gui)定的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)技術(shu)規(gui)范組織(zhi)生產經營活動。
(4)具(ju)有地(di)理標志農(nong)產品市場開發經(jing)營能力。
(5)使(shi)用(yong)農產品(pin)地理標志,應當按照生產經營年度與登記證書(shu)持有(you)人簽訂(ding)農產品(pin)地理標志使(shi)用(yong)協(xie)議(yi),在協(xie)議(yi)中載明使(shi)用(yong)數量(liang)、范(fan)圍及相關的責任義務
2、農產品地(di)理(li)標志使(shi)用人(ren)享有(you)以(yi)下權利:
(1)可以(yi)在產品及其包裝統一使用農產品地理標志。
(2)可以使用登(deng)記的農產品地理標志進(jin)行(xing)宣傳和(he)參加展(zhan)覽(lan)、展(zhan)示和(he)展(zhan)銷。
3、農產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志使用人(ren)應當履行以下(xia)義務:
(1)自覺接受登(deng)記證(zheng)書(shu)持有人的監督(du)檢查。
(2)保(bao)證地理標志農產品的品質和信(xin)譽。
(3)正(zheng)確規(gui)范地使(shi)用農(nong)產品地理標志。
(4)地理標志(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的生產(chan)經營者,應當建(jian)立質量(liang)控制追溯體系,農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標志(zhi)持有(you)人和(he)標志(zhi)使用人,對地理標志(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的質量(liang)和(he)信譽負責。
(5)任(ren)何單位和(he)個(ge)人不得偽(wei)造、冒(mao)用農產品地理標志和(he)登記(ji)證(zheng)書。
(6)鼓勵單位和個人(ren)對農產品地理標志進行社(she)會監督。