孫叔敖紀念館位于壽縣城(cheng)南30公(gong)里的(de)安(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)岸(an),坐(zuo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向南,占地(di)3000平方米(mi),為(wei)祀楚令(ling)尹孫叔敖建(jian)(jian),始建(jian)(jian)年代(dai)不詳。據《水(shui)經注》載,“芍(shao)破水(shui)北(bei)(bei)(bei)經孫叔敖詞下(xia)”,可知祠之始建(jian)(jian)不晚于北(bei)(bei)(bei)魏(wei),明(ming)、清(qing)兩代(dai)迭有(you)修葺。現(xian)存大(da)殿、還清(qing)閣、崇報門(men),詞內外集(ji)中(zhong)明(ming)、清(qing)碑刻19方,中(zhong)有(you)歷代(dai)安(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)碑記、安(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)灌區圖示、孫叔敖刻像(xiang)及傳略,是(shi)研究安(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘(tang)的(de)重要史料。
孫(sun)(sun)公(gong)(gong)祠是國(guo)家歷史(shi)文化名(ming)(ming)城——安(an)徽省(sheng)壽縣安(an)豐(feng)塘畔的孫(sun)(sun)書(shu)敖祠堂。又名(ming)(ming)楚(chu)相祠、芍陂(po)祠、安(an)豐(feng)塘祠等。位于今安(an)豐(feng)塘北(bei)岸,為(wei)祀孫(sun)(sun)叔(shu)敖造芍陂(po)而(er)建(jian),始于何時尚未能詳。安(an)豐(feng)塘,素有(you)“天下第(di)一塘”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。古名(ming)(ming)芍陂(po),為(wei)楚(chu)相孫(sun)(sun)叔(shu)敖主持修建(jian)。后人為(wei)紀(ji)念孫(sun)(sun)叔(shu)敖,在陂(po)北(bei)建(jian)有(you)一祠,故名(ming)(ming)孫(sun)(sun)公(gong)(gong)祠。
孫(sun)叔敖(ao),姓孫(sun),名敖(ao),字孫(sun)叔;父名孫(sun)賈(jia),任楚(chu)(chu)國司馬(ma),后(hou)被(bei)斗越椒(jiao)所(suo)害(hai),孫(sun)叔敖(ao)避(bi)難于(yu)夢澤。虞邱相薦其(qi)賢(xian)于(yu)楚(chu)(chu)莊王,召為(wei)令尹(yin)。《史(shi)記?循(xun)吏列(lie)傳(chuan)》說。“孫(sun)叔敖(ao)者,楚(chu)(chu)之處土也,虞邱相進之于(yu)楚(chu)(chu)莊王,以自代(dai)也。三月為(wei)楚(chu)(chu)相,施教(jiao)導民(min),上下和合,世俗盛美(mei),政(zheng)緩禁(jin)止,吏無0邪,盜賊不起。秋冬則(ze)勸(quan)民(min)山采(cai),春夏以水(shui),各得其(qi)所(suo)便,民(min)皆樂其(qi)生。”為(wei)了發展(zhan)生產,富國富民(min),他(ta)選擇主要產糧區的壽春,利(li)用南(nan)高北低、水(shui)源豐(feng)富的地理環境,修造(zao)芍陂水(shui)利(li),灌溉萬(wan)頃,使楚(chu)(chu)國經濟(ji)迅速(su)恢復與發展(zhan),人民(min)得其(qi)利(li)。
據(ju)傳,此舉(ju)適合國(guo)情,深(shen)得人心,當地人民很早(zao)就在陂(po)側(ce)立祠(ci)(ci)以祭了。《水(shui)經注》“肥(fei)水(shui)”條下有(you)(you)記(ji)曰:“水(shui)北(bei)徑(jing)孫叔敖祠(ci)(ci)下”,可見(jian)孫公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)始建日最遲也(ye)不(bu)會晚于(yu)(yu)北(bei)魏。宋(song)王(wang)安(an)石《安(an)豐張令(ling)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)芍(shao)陂(po)》詩中亦有(you)(you)“楚(chu)(chu)相(xiang)祠(ci)(ci)堂仍(reng)好在”句(ju),明代宣(xuan)陽(yang)僑郎王(wang)邦瑞《過(guo)孫叔敖祠(ci)(ci)》詩曰:“百(bai)里陂(po)塘峙楚(chu)(chu)祠(ci)(ci),萬年(nian)(nian)(nian)伏(fu)臘動人思。愛(ai)存(cun)墮(duo)淚非殘碣,功似為(wei)霖豈一時。” 據(ju)《壽(shou)(shou)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志》記(ji)載,明成化十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1483年(nian)(nian)(nian)),御(yu)史魏璋“重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)之”;成化二(er)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1486年(nian)(nian)(nian)),知(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)劉概“增葺之”;清康熙間,州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)同顏(yan)伯?《孫公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)廟(miao)記(ji)》說祠(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)“殿廡(wu)門閣凡(fan)九(jiu)所二(er)十(shi)八(ba)間,僧舍三(san)所九(jiu)間,戶牖五十(shi)有(you)(you)七戶”;又說有(you)(you)古柏數株(zhu),遮(zhe)天蔽日。游客到此,觀芍(shao)陂(po)壯舉(ju),仰(yang)楚(chu)(chu)相(xiang)遺(yi)風(feng),留連之余(yu),可于(yu)(yu)庭(ting)、于(yu)(yu)廊(lang)、于(yu)(yu)廡(wu)、于(yu)(yu)樹下、于(yu)(yu)南牖北(bei)窗,此軒彼欄,皆得以憩(qi)憩(qi),偃仰(yang)隨意,風(feng)雨寒暑所不(bu)及(ji)也(ye)。乾(qian)隆五十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1793年(nian)(nian)(nian)),壽(shou)(shou)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)周光鄰《芍(shao)陂(po)楚(chu)(chu)相(xiang)祠(ci)(ci)》云:“楚(chu)(chu)相(xiang)祠(ci)(ci)堂柏蔭清,芍(shao)陂(po)晴藻碧(bi)煙橫。欲知(zhi)遺(yi)澤(ze)流長處,三(san)十(shi)六門秋(qiu)水(shui)聲。廉吏可為(wei)終可為(wei),衣冠今(jin)古式威儀。野人欲采(cai)塘花獻,剛及(ji)西風(feng)稻熟(shu)時。” 經過(guo)乾(qian)隆年(nian)(nian)(nian)間多(duo)次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)葺,形成一套(tao)祠(ci)(ci)宇制度。
正殿(dian)(dian)奉楚令尹孫叔敖像,東配明壽(shou)州知(zhi)州黃克纘“木(mu)主”,西配清(qing)壽(shou)州州同顏伯?“木(mu)主”;東西廡配祭(ji)漢至清(qing)代(dai)致(zhi)力于(yu)(yu)(yu)芍陂興利的官宦48人,漢廬江太守(shou)王景以及(ji)兗(yan)州刺史(shi)(shi)鄧(deng)艾位(wei)居(ju)前(qian)列。現存大(da)殿(dian)(dian)、還清(qing)閣、崇(chong)報(bao)門(men)(men)和(he)明清(qing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)19方。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian)(jian),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)后進,硬山、馬(ma)頭墻(qiang)、前(qian)提檐、立貼式(shi)梁(liang)架。還清(qing)閣位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中進,闊(kuo)(kuo)三間(jian)(jian)(jian),深一間(jian)(jian)(jian),兩層密檐式(shi),墻(qiang)面出單挑磚雕華拱(gong)以承檐下。崇(chong)報(bao)門(men)(men)為(wei)前(qian)進,又稱(cheng)碑(bei)(bei)廳(ting),面闊(kuo)(kuo)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian),東間(jian)(jian)(jian)闊(kuo)(kuo)3.3米,自(zi)東至西各間(jian)(jian)(jian)面依(yi)次(ci)遞(di)減;門(men)(men)設東邊(bian)第二間(jian)(jian)(jian)正中,異于(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)殿(dian)(dian),還清(qing)閣設門(men)(men)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明間(jian)(jian)(jian)的對稱(cheng)格局。碑(bei)(bei)廳(ting)內外墻(qiang)上,嵌有(you)近年(nian)自(zi)祠(ci)之內集中起來的碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)19方,有(you)歷史(shi)(shi)上重(zhong)修(xiu)安豐(feng)塘(tang)(tang)碑(bei)(bei)記、禁止侵(qin)塘(tang)(tang)為(wei)田的積(ji)水(shui)界(jie)石記、安豐(feng)塘(tang)(tang)圖、孫叔敖石刻(ke)線(xian)像及(ji)其(qi)傳(chuan)略、重(zhong)修(xiu)孫公(gong)祠(ci)碑(bei)(bei)記等。其(qi)中明代(dai)石刻(ke)塘(tang)(tang)圖,可見塘(tang)(tang)的位(wei)置、水(shui)源、斗(dou)門(men)(men)、灌區概況,在水(shui)利科學史(shi)(shi)上有(you)較高價(jia)值。乾(qian)隆四(si)十年(nian)梁(liang)書丹(dan)之草體《重(zhong)修(xiu)安豐(feng)塘(tang)(tang)碑(bei)(bei)記》,亦常(chang)為(wei)游(you)人所欣賞。