有巢(chao)氏早期生(sheng)活在浙(zhe)江寧紹平原一帶(dai),原屬河姆渡人的一支;后(hou)遷(qian)(qian)徙至良渚(zhu)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng),在杭嘉湖平原休養(yang)生(sheng)息并創(chuang)造(zao)“巢(chao)居”(構木(mu)為(wei)巣);并于今(jin)山東瑯(lang)琊古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)建立(li)陪都(dou)。后(hou)又(you)遷(qian)(qian)至安徽省巢(chao)湖流域一帶(dai),定都(dou)于凌(ling)家(jia)灘古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(今(jin)安徽凌(ling)家(jia)灘遺址);建立(li)古(gu)(gu)巢(chao)國。
古巢國是一(yi)個以凌家(jia)灘古城為中心的(de)城邦國家(jia)。處于凌家(jia)灘文化時期(前4664----前4464年)。同時也(ye)屬于上古部落首領(ling)”有巢氏(shi)(shi)“(尊(zun)號”巢皇“、”大(da)巢氏(shi)(shi)“前4964----前4464年在(zai)位)執(zhi)政后(hou)期。
古(gu)巢國(guo)由良渚古(gu)國(guo)演變而來(lai),古(gu)巢國(guo)的(de)創立者就是(shi)(shi)良渚古(gu)國(guo)的(de)末代君主(或(huo)氏族)。古(gu)巢國(guo)文明本身也是(shi)(shi)良渚文明的(de)延續(xu)。
古巢國本(ben)身傳(chuan)承了河(he)姆(mu)渡、良渚、凌家灘三種文(wen)化(hua),是三大遠古文(wen)明(ming)的集(ji)大成者(zhe)。
巢湖市位踞華東(dong)腹(fu)地,處皖江(jiang)中心南(nan)依湯湯長江(jiang),脈(mo)連蜀越(yue)五湖,西北望莽莽淮河,懷抱巨浸(jin)十川,千里沃野,百(bai)巒星布,四季(ji)分明而水豐土腴,八方(fang)輻輳(cou)而物阜(fu)人旺;是中華人類起源的一方(fang)瑞土,中華人文(wen)始(shi)祖有巢氏及其(qi)氏族生息繁(fan)衍而發韌文(wen)明,在這里建(jian)立龐(pang)大的氏族方(fang)國---巢國。
而后(hou)又有有巢氏分支(zhi)向黃淮平原遷徙,定都于商丘古(gu)城(cheng)建立了(le)燧(sui)明(ming)國(實為(wei)“燧(sui)明(ming)城(cheng)邦”)。
有巢氏(shi)最早開發巢湖流域的漁、農、商諸(zhu)業,獲(huo)得了迅速(su)繁衍與興(xing)旺壯大的先機,夏(xia)代(dai)之前便(bian)形成了自(zi)己的氏(shi)族方國(guo)——有巢國(guo),簡(jian)稱(cheng)巢國(guo)。
隨著氏族興旺壯大而向(xiang)四周擴(kuo)展(zhan),主流趨(qu)勢是(shi)沿長江北岸土肥水豐(feng)的(de)平陸(lu)地帶東西雙向(xiang)蔓延,并往大別山(shan)麓發展(zhan)。其疆域廣袤,大約包括今巢湖市(shi)(shi)(1區(qu)(qu)4縣)、合肥市(shi)(shi)(城區(qu)(qu)和3縣)、六安(an)市(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)城區(qu)(qu)和六安(an)、壽縣、舒城、霍山(shan)等(deng)縣)和安(an)慶(qing)市(shi)(shi)(桐城、樅陽等(deng)縣)、滁州市(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)城區(qu)(qu)、全(quan)椒、來安(an)等(deng)縣)南京市(shi)(shi)江北地區(qu)(qu)在內的(de)方圓(yuan)幾千(qian)里(li)的(de)原野、水澤、山(shan)林。
歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)夏(xia)曾(ceng)佑先生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)20世紀30年(nian)(nian)代論(lun)述(shu)上古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)討“世界之(zhi)初(chu)”時(shi)即(ji)曾(ceng)說(shuo)過:“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng),決不(bu)(bu)能謂其(qi)(qi)(qi)無所(suo)(suo)(suo)始(shi)(shi)(shi)。然言其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)始(shi)(shi)(shi),說(shuo)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)同。”當時(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“說(shuo)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)同”約(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)派,一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)“由(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)說(shuo),則人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)神造(zao)(zao)”,一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)“由(you)(you)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)說(shuo),則人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)演(yan)(yan)(yan)”。(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》)所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂“神造(zao)(zao)”,乃“盤古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)開天(tian)”,即(ji)盤古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)老祖用斧鑿開辟天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而衍生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)皇(huang)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皇(huang)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇(huang),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)便(bian)產生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)及(ji)(ji)(ji)有巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)。或(huo)(huo)曰“女媧造(zao)(zao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,無所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)女神女媧氏(shi)以石(shi)(shi)(shi)補天(tian),并(bing)用黃土捏造(zao)(zao)出(chu)(chu)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)亦(yi)然,譬如《圣經》就(jiu)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)上帝創造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞當、夏(xia)娃繁(fan)衍了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂“天(tian)演(yan)(yan)(yan)”,即(ji)進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)論(lun)之(zhi)東(dong)方譯說(shuo),源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)英國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)查理(li)·達爾文(wen)(wen)(wen)(Charles Robert Darwin)1859年(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《物(wu)種起(qi)(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)》,及(ji)(ji)(ji)赫胥黎(Thomas Henry Huxley)所(suo)(suo)(suo)著《進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)論(lun)與(yu)倫理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)》,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)著名(ming)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者嚴(yan)復于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1895年(nian)(nian)漢譯為(wei)(wei)《天(tian)演(yan)(yan)(yan)論(lun)》。現(xian)(xian)代科學(xue)(xue)(xue)確(que)(que)認(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)非(fei)為(wei)(wei)“神造(zao)(zao)”,蓋由(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)而成(cheng)(cheng)。關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)同樣“說(shuo)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)同”,也約(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)兩(liang)派,一(yi)(yi)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)域(yu)(yu)外遷(qian)徙而來(lai)(lai),其(qi)(qi)(qi)遵循的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)“非(fei)洲(zhou)起(qi)(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)說(shuo)”;一(yi)(yi)說(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)本土亦(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)近(jin)(jin)些年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai),隨(sui)(sui)著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)境內古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian),如巫山龍骨坡發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巫山人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”系(xi)(xi)(xi)紀于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)204萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)以前(qian)(qian)(qian),且為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan),這就(jiu)徹(che)底動搖了(le)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世界人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)“一(yi)(yi)本同源(yuan)(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定論(lun)。隨(sui)(sui)著“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)起(qi)(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)”學(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)成(cheng)(cheng)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)新(xin)獲,雄辯地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)論(lun)證了(le)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、華(hua)夏(xia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。處于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)游(you)皖(wan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)市域(yu)(yu),正是(shi)(shi)這塊發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點區(qu)位。自20世紀80年(nian)(nian)代初(chu)始(shi)(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)專家(jia)在(zai)這片圣地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘并(bing)獲取古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)貴遺(yi)(yi)骸和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)大批(pi)(pi)(pi)動植物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi),充分(fen)(fen)(fen)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)早(zao)在(zai)70萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)~60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(亦(yi)有認(ren)為(wei)(wei)50~40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)),和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍潭(tan)(tan)(tan)洞(dong)(dong)曾(ceng)居住(zhu)著“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”)。“‘和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’與(yu)‘北(bei)(bei)京(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’區(qu)別較大,而與(yu)‘爪哇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’比(bi)較近(jin)(jin)似。同出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨器(qi)、角器(qi)很多,加工清(qing)楚,類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)穩(wen)定,用火證據也十(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)確(que)(que)鑿……據賈蘭坡教(jiao)授的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見,‘和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’可(ke)(ke)能早(zao)達七十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)~六(liu)十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)。”(張習(xi)孔、田玨主編《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大事編年(nian)(nian)·遠古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)代》)隨(sui)(sui)后(hou)又在(zai)今(jin)(jin)居巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)區(qu)岱(dai)山鄉銀(yin)山村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)穴里發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“銀(yin)山猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居住(zhu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),距今(jin)(jin)約(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)~20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)。“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)與(yu)論(lun)證,對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan),探索中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南北(bei)(bei)差異和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)游(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)演(yan)(yan)(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)都至(zhi)關重(zhong)要。《安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省(sheng)志·文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)志提(ti)要》明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu):“80年(nian)(nian)代初(chu),先后(hou)在(zai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍潭(tan)(tan)(tan)洞(dong)(dong)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)銀(yin)山發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)(pi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)……被(bei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術界命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)‘和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)‘巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’。80年(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以來(lai)(lai),在(zai)皖(wan)南水陽(yang)(yang)(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)又相繼發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)大批(pi)(pi)(pi)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)出(chu)(chu)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點,時(shi)代為(wei)(wei)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)世早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)偏(pian)晚(wan)(wan),屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)南方礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)。這一(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)對研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)游(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),以及(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi),有著十(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。”文(wen)(wen)(wen)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者靳(jin)懷堾評論(lun):“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又決不(bu)(bu)止于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黃河流(liu)域(yu)(yu)……長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)早(zao)在(zai)200~170萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)就(jiu)有巫山猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)元謀猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干支流(liu)兩(liang)岸生(sheng)(sheng)活。之(zhi)后(hou)還有鄖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、鄖西猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)(chang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、桐(tong)梓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、麗江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、西疇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)繁(fan)衍生(sheng)(sheng)息。”(《華(hua)夏(xia)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》)“南京(jing)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”骨化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)者之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許漢奎(kui)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)員等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)專家(jia),將我國(guo)最(zui)早(zao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)潛山靈長(chang)(chang)(chang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)骨化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(距今(jin)(jin)6000多萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian))、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)溧陽(yang)(yang)(yang)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)曙猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”(4500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian),比(bi)埃及(ji)(ji)(ji)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)還早(zao)1000多萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian))、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)泗洪(hong)雙(shuang)溝“雙(shuang)溝醉猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”(約(yue)(yue)(yue)1500~1000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian))、安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)繁(fan)昌石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(240萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian))、“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)(yue)50~40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian))、“南京(jing)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)(yue)30~20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian))、“鎮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)(yue)4~3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian))、溧水人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(約(yue)(yue)(yue)2~1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian))等等聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),“推論(lun)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)起(qi)(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”(《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)》)楊東(dong)晨研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)員認(ren)為(wei)(wei):“從靠近(jin)(jin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)陶店(dian)龍潭(tan)(tan)(tan)洞(dong)(dong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)銀(yin)山早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),及(ji)(ji)(ji)皖(wan)南水陽(yang)(yang)(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)兩(liang)岸二級階(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12處舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)點來(lai)(lai)看(kan),長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)也是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)”。(《先秦時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)考察》)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者徐吉軍指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu):“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)又稱‘兩(liang)淮文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)’,以巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,其(qi)(qi)(qi)范圍大致包括(kuo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以北(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)、安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)兩(liang)省(sheng)境地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。她處在(zai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)黃河文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,是(shi)(shi)連接中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南北(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)走廊(lang)與(yu)橋梁。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)有著悠久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)存(cun)。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)泗洪(hong)下(xia)草灣猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍潭(tan)(tan)(tan)洞(dong)(dong)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian),表明(ming)(ming)早(zao)在(zai)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)世晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)就(jiu)有了(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動。”(《論(lun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)》)“和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)與(yu)論(lun)證,確(que)(que)立了(le)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)市域(yu)(yu)在(zai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)著地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)位。歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)應梁指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu):“安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)龍潭(tan)(tan)(tan)洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等,稱為(wei)(wei)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)直立人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。這是(shi)(shi)完全形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),亦(yi)即(ji)真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民族史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者朱泓教(jiao)授說(shuo):“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)土于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省(sheng)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)市)銀(yin)屏(ping)區(qu)岱(dai)山鄉銀(yin)山村(cun)附近(jin)(jin)……該批(pi)(pi)(pi)材料所(suo)(suo)(suo)顯(xian)示出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些進(jin)步性(xing)體質(zhi)特征與(yu)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)同,故巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應歸屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)范疇。”(《體質(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)》)這就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)始(shi)(shi)(shi)祖有巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)籍(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)市域(yu)(yu)奠定了(le)最(zui)堅實亦(yi)最(zui)可(ke)(ke)信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社會學(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)論(lun)基礎。
現代(dai)(dai)社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)很難(nan)(nan)想(xiang)象遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)(nei)種(zhong)荒(huang)涼混沌景象,也(ye)很難(nan)(nan)想(xiang)象包括原始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)在(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)界(jie)那(nei)(nei)等(deng)野(ye)蠻混亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活狀(zhuang)態,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)只(zhi)能(neng)通過(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)獻上(shang)(shang)(shang)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)和(he)(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析與(yu)(yu)(yu)記述,從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)讀(du)出(chu)(chu)(chu)和(he)(he)想(xiang)見一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些合乎(hu)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)“實況(kuang)”或(huo)“真(zhen)相相近”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情景來(lai)(lai)。(徐旭生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)》)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)獻告訴我(wo)們(men)(men),“上(shang)(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)穴(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)野(ye)處(chu),后世(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)宮室。”(《易(yi)(yi)·系(xi)辭》)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),因陵(ling)丘崛穴(xue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)處(chu)焉。”“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min),未(wei)知(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宮室時(shi)(shi)(shi),就(jiu)陵(ling)阜而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)居(ju)(ju)(ju),穴(xue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)處(chu)……未(wei)知(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)衣服時(shi)(shi)(shi),衣皮帶茭(jiao)……未(wei)知(zhi)飲(yin)食(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),素(su)食(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)分處(chu)。”(《墨(mo)子(zi)·辭過(guo)》)“日與(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)居(ju)(ju)(ju),族(zu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)萬物(wu)(wu)并。”(《莊子(zi)·馬蹄》)“昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)昊英之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)伐木(mu)(mu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)殺。”(《商君書·畫(hua)策篇》)“昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)王未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宮室,冬(dong)則居(ju)(ju)(ju)營窟,夏則居(ju)(ju)(ju)橧巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)火化(hua),食(shi)草木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實,禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou),飲(yin)其(qi)血,茹其(qi)毛,未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)麻(ma)絲,衣其(qi)羽(yu)皮。”(《禮記·禮運》)“合雒(luo)紀世(shi)(shi)(shi),民(min)(min)(min)始(shi)(shi)穴(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju),衣皮毛。”(《春秋緯·命(ming)歷(li)(li)序》)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)共處(chu)洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)年,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)爭奪洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)權付出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)多(duo)(duo)大(da)(da)(da)代(dai)(dai)價,誰也(ye)無(wu)法詳考和(he)(he)統(tong)計。原始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群面對大(da)(da)(da)量死(si)亡(wang),無(wu)止(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流血和(he)(he)日夜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哀號(hao),老弱(ruo)婦幼唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)恐慌與(yu)(yu)(yu)淚泣,青壯年們(men)(men)則努力(li)拼搏(bo)著(zhu)、掙扎(zha)著(zhu)、思慮著(zhu)、探索著(zhu)——人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)必(bi)須走出(chu)(chu)(chu)洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue),避(bi)(bi)讓(rang)蟲(chong)蛇,離(li)開禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),尋找和(he)(he)建(jian)筑屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)己生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)與(yu)(yu)(yu)繁衍(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全空間——于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)”終于(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了(le)(le)(le)。那(nei)(nei)么首(shou)(shou)(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誰呢?《莊子(zi)·盜跖》云:“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)多(duo)(duo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)少(shao)(shao),于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)皆巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。晝拾橡栗,暮(mu)棲木(mu)(mu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),故(gu)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)’。”《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)墳》記:“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)太(tai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian),覺識于(yu)(yu)(yu)天、地(di)、草、木(mu)(mu)、蟲(chong)、魚、鳥(niao)、獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),俾人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)居(ju)(ju)(ju)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)穴(xue),積(ji)鳥(niao)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou),聚草木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實,天下九(jiu)頭(tou),咸(xian)歸有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),始(shi)(shi)君也(ye),動止(zhi),群群相聚而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尊事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《韓非子(zi)·五(wu)蠹》載:“上(shang)(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)少(shao)(shao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)眾,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)不勝禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)蟲(chong)蛇。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo),構木(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),以(yi)避(bi)(bi)群害(hai)(hai),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)說(shuo)(shuo)(悅)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使王天下,號(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’。”《始(shi)(shi)學(xue)篇》曰(yue):“上(shang)(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皆穴(xue)處(chu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju),號(hao)‘大(da)(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’。”《通志·三(san)皇紀》云:“厥(jue)初(chu),先(xian)民(min)(min)(min)穴(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)野(ye)處(chu),圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),以(yi)避(bi)(bi)蟲(chong)豸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi)草木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實,故(gu)號(hao)‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’,亦曰(yue)‘大(da)(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’。”毫無(wu)疑問(wen),“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)”首(shou)(shou)(shou)創(chuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)德(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)量無(wu)垠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai),茫茫洪荒(huang),兇禽(qin)猛獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),初(chu)民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活艱(jian)(jian)難(nan)(nan)困苦,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)毫無(wu)保障(zhang),各個“原始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群”無(wu)不奮(fen)力(li)戰斗(dou)以(yi)圖(tu)改變和(he)(he)改善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)條(tiao)件,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)創(chuang)見最(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)最(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)貢獻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)先(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),他(ta)既有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,仁人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愛,更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)偉(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,杰人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),他(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個在(zai)極其(qi)艱(jian)(jian)難(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),用(yong)智慧(hui)和(he)(he)膽識,血汗和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming),英勇無(wu)畏地(di)與(yu)(yu)(yu)天斗(dou),與(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)斗(dou),與(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)斗(dou),終于(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)奮(fen)斗(dou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)造(zao)革(ge)新,導引(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英雄典(dian)范。1903年,民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)效魯在(zai)贊美中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)悠久偉(wei)大(da)(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)曾(ceng)這(zhe)樣宣言:“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)法,伏羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)畫(hua)八(ba)卦、教(jiao)佃漁、造(zao)書契、作(zuo)甲歷(li)(li),神(shen)農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藝五(wu)谷,制醫(yi)藥,立(li)商廛,蓋當時(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)甲于(yu)(yu)(yu)諸族(zu)……民(min)(min)(min)智漸啟,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濫(lan)觴,實始(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)斯(si)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)去及未(wei)來(lai)(lai)》)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、出(chu)(chu)(chu)版家(jia)王云五(wu)贊頌說(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)偉(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),教(jiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)造(zao)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法。”(《王云五(wu)大(da)(da)(da)辭典(dian)》)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家(jia)徐旭生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)里(li)面,由于(yu)(yu)(yu)特(te)別有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)功(gong),或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)更(geng)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)他(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)業更(geng)容易(yi)(yi)被人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)了(le)(le)(le)解,所以(yi)除了(le)(le)(le)《系(xi)辭》所述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)帝以(yi)外他(ta)們(men)(men)特(te)別占著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)優勝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)》)文(wen)(wen)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蔡建(jian)軍指出(chu)(chu)(chu):“從(cong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)‘構木(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’,到(dao)燧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)‘鉆燧取(qu)火’,到(dao)神(shen)農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)‘與(yu)(yu)(yu)麋鹿共處(chu),耕而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi),織而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)衣’,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)‘上(shang)(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)’史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展階段。”(《玉蟾巖神(shen)農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)遺址與(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)起(qi)(qi)源》)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)德(de)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)導引(yin)全人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)意義(yi)。恩格斯(si)指出(chu)(chu)(chu):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),我(wo)們(men)(men)就(jiu)開始(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《自(zi)然(ran)(ran)辯證法》)這(zhe)里(li)所說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)(nei)從(cong)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)猿(yuan)”進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)過(guo)來(lai)(lai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)跨入(ru)“原始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”新時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“最(zui)(zui)(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)”。所謂(wei)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),本質上(shang)(shang)(shang)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)構成歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)要素(su)。恩格斯(si)又說(shuo)(shuo):“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)最(zui)(zui)(zui)初(chu)怎樣脫離(li)動物(wu)(wu)界(jie)(就(jiu)狹義(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)言),他(ta)們(men)(men)就(jiu)怎樣進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《自(zi)然(ran)(ran)辯證法》)這(zhe)就(jiu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)確告訴我(wo)們(men)(men),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社會(hui)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)頁(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)初(chu)脫離(li)動物(wu)(wu)界(jie)那(nei)(nei)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)走成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。1924年3月9日,孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)講授《民(min)(min)(min)權主義(yi)》,在(zai)討(tao)論人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)“世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)”分析遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),則隆重地(di)推(tui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)先(xian)祖(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo):“世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)……到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)同天爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai),專講打是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不可(ke)(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),故(gu)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)感覺非常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)(nan)。后來(lai)(lai)便有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)聰明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)出(chu)(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)謀(mou)幸福……有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)在(zai)樹上(shang)(shang)(shang)做居(ju)(ju)(ju)室,替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)謀(mou)避(bi)(bi)風雨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)。自(zi)此以(yi)后,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)便逐(zhu)漸發(fa)(fa)達,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)逐(zhu)漸團結(jie)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)。”(《三(san)民(min)(min)(min)主義(yi)》)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家(jia)呂振羽(yu)滿腔熱情地(di)贊美有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“構木(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉(wei)大(da)(da)(da)創(chuang)造(zao),說(shuo)(shuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)至此“才從(cong)‘日與(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)居(ju)(ju)(ju),族(zu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)萬物(wu)(wu)并’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)解放(fang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)。”(《簡(jian)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)通史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家(jia)哲學(xue)家(jia)任繼愈先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo):“通過(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書,我(wo)們(men)(men)看(kan)到(dao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)許(xu)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)英雄人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)創(chuang)造(zao)……有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)樹上(shang)(shang)(shang)搭屋(wu),這(zhe)也(ye)很了(le)(le)(le)不起(qi)(qi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)不用(yong)在(zai)洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)里(li)住(zhu)了(le)(le)(le),能(neng)夠(gou)住(zhu)房了(le)(le)(le),這(zhe)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)避(bi)(bi)免潮濕(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)(bu)。”(《有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)里(li)程(cheng)碑意義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)盛事》)離(li)開洞(dong)(dong)穴(xue)、避(bi)(bi)讓(rang)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)”,顯然(ran)(ran)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)動物(wu)(wu)分野(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)初(chu)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)所揭開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)頁(ye)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)”首(shou)(shou)(shou)創(chuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),無(wu)疑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開啟全人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
◎《百家姓詳解》云(yun):“巢(chao),堯為(wei)(wei)帝時(shi),有(you)大臣巢(chao)父常居于(yu)山中,以樹為(wei)(wei)巢(chao)……。禹帝時(shi)曾封有(you)巢(chao)氏(shi)之后(hou)建立(li)巢(chao)國(guo)(今安徽境內)。在夏、商、周三(san)代,巢(chao)國(guo)世代為(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)侯國(guo),春秋時(shi)期,前(qian)518年,吳國(guo)滅掉(diao)巢(chao)國(guo),巢(chao)國(guo)后(hou)代公(gong)族便以原國(guo)名(ming)作為(wei)(wei)姓氏(shi)。”
夏王朝(chao)時期(qi),地(di)宜物豐(feng)的南巢(chao),吸引著其它氏(shi)族部落(luo)(如皋陶(tao)氏(shi)后裔(yi)偃姓部落(luo))從東方、北方不斷徙入,有巢(chao)氏(shi)熱(re)情友誼地(di)歡(huan)迎外姓并讓出(chu)巢(chao)湖西方、西南方地(di)域(今六安市六安縣(xian)、舒(shu)城縣(xian)一帶(dai))許以定居(ju),便漸(jian)漸(jian)形成(cheng)了(le)以巢(chao)國為中心的部落(luo)聯盟,在巢(chao)湖流域、江(jiang)淮之間廣袤大地(di)上生活、居(ju)息和墾植(zhi),以地(di)理方位稱(cheng)其為“南巢(chao)氏(shi)”,簡稱(cheng)“南巢(chao)”。
成(cheng)湯(tang)戰敗夏(xia)桀(jie),夏(xia)桀(jie)逃往(wang)南巢,南巢以接納夏(xia)桀(jie)為(wei)條件,與成(cheng)湯(tang)達成(cheng)協議(yi),南巢與商王(wang)朝分疆(jiang)而治(zhi),和睦相處(chu),幾百年間無(wu)戰事。
巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)之所(suo)(suo)以(yi)能(neng)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)祥地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之一(yi)(yi),之所(suo)(suo)以(yi)能(neng)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)子孫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)息(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),關鍵因(yin)素是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)具備(bei)原(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理特(te)定(ding)條(tiao)件(jian)。就(jiu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)審視(shi),其(qi)(qi)南(nan)濱長(chang)江,懷(huai)抱巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由(you)(you)北而(er)(er)南(nan)漸低(di),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)復雜多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)、崗臺、圩畈三者(zhe)合理分(fen)布,其(qi)(qi)中江、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)、泉并(bing)(bing)存(cun),以(yi)水(shui)(shui)見長(chang),河湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)近1300平方(fang)公里(li)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)跨(kua)東(dong)經(jing)117°00′~118°29′、北緯(wei)(wei)30°56′~32°02′,氣溫適中,四季分(fen)明(ming),資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐實(shi),得(de)天(tian)(tian)獨厚,樹木(mu)(mu)、果(guo)木(mu)(mu)、谷物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、雜物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、魚蝦、禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou),品(pin)種繁(fan)多(duo)(duo),尤其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)岡連原(yuan)野(ye),山(shan)(shan)(shan)陵多(duo)(duo)洞(dong)穴,適宜各(ge)種生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)息(xi)(xi),各(ge)種生(sheng)(sheng)命繁(fan)衍(yan)。也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo),這地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)在(zai)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態上(shang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)優(you)厚而(er)(er)且最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種條(tiao)件(jian),此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)。“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)對于(yu)“穴居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”而(er)(er)言并(bing)(bing)由(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)發(fa)展而(er)(er)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。值得(de)我(wo)們(men)關注與(yu)(yu)驚(jing)喜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),考(kao)(kao)古學(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)從“和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)潭洞(dong)里(li)發(fa)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)25種動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(其(qi)(qi)中主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第四紀(ji)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu))。從骨骸化石(shi)(shi)(shi)鑒定(ding)分(fen)析,“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這處洞(dong)穴,至少(shao)有(you)(you)(you)過豹(bao)、熊、虎、犀(xi)牛(niu)等(deng)24種哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)出沒。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)考(kao)(kao)古資料明(ming)確地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)告訴我(wo)們(men),我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)先(xian)確實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“穴居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)野(ye)處”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)蟲蛇為(wei)(wei)(wei)“伴(ban)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。龍(long)潭洞(dong)、銀山(shan)(shan)(shan)洞(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理位置和(he)自(zi)然環(huan)境(jing),及(ji)其(qi)(qi)考(kao)(kao)古學(xue)(xue)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)證,可讓(rang)(rang)(rang)我(wo)們(men)透過時(shi)空(kong)邃道(dao)而(er)(er)直觀幾十萬前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)場景和(he)探(tan)索(suo)他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)蹤(zong)跡,并(bing)(bing)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)我(wo)們(men)得(de)知,巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“原(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)群”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)歷(li)(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)幾十萬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苦(ku)難(nan)、思考(kao)(kao)才覺醒起(qi)來,離開洞(dong)穴,避(bi)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou),建筑(zhu)(zhu)屬于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立(li)家(jia)(jia)園。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)群引起(qi)“避(bi)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覺醒,產生(sheng)(sheng)變革“穴居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)意,提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社(she)(she)會環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳客觀依據(ju),此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)二。存(cun)在(zai)決(jue)定(ding)意識(shi)。識(shi)者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei),有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)群從改(gai)變“穴居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”而(er)(er)走向“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,并(bing)(bing)實(shi)施“筑(zhu)(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)建居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)環(huan)境(jing)必須提(ti)(ti)供(gong)以(yi)下(xia)這4方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質條(tiao)件(jian),而(er)(er)且似乎(hu)缺一(yi)(yi)則難(nan)以(yi)形成。①地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)——有(you)(you)(you)阜陵,有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)洞(dong),先(xian)民(min)(min)起(qi)初是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)洞(dong)穴中,躲避(bi)風(feng)雨寒暑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。②資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)——有(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)野(ye),有(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)種人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。③物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)產要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)——多(duo)(duo)樹木(mu)(mu),且有(you)(you)(you)喬木(mu)(mu),利筑(zhu)(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),筑(zhu)(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)樹木(mu)(mu)。④氣候(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)——處南(nan)方(fang),氣候(hou)宜,因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),非南(nan)方(fang)氣候(hou)溫潤則幼弱無法過冬。張習孔等(deng)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)在(zai)介紹有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)特(te)別(bie)強調,“在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)早(zao)(zao)期(qi),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min),確實(shi)經(jing)歷(li)(li)過一(yi)(yi)個時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)’生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)。”(《中國歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)編年》)朱泓教授說(shuo):“(巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)性體質特(te)征與(yu)(yu)北京猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不同(tong),故(gu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)應歸(gui)屬于(yu)早(zao)(zao)期(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)范(fan)疇。”(《體質人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)學(xue)(xue)》)位處中國東(dong)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)及(ji)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理和(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質環(huan)境(jing),給“早(zao)(zao)期(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)”即原(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)群中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智者(zhe)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)由(you)(you)“穴居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”到“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變革條(tiao)件(jian),此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)三。中華民(min)(min)族(zu)以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勤于(yu)創(chuang)(chuang)新、發(fa)明(ming)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、開創(chuang)(chuang)文明(ming)、福(fu)澤萬世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)祖(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)自(zi)豪。千百年來,諸(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)(duo)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都在(zai)尋根(gen)探(tan)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)論(lun)(lun)證他們(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)血緣后裔,諸(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)都在(zai)廣(guang)(guang)搜文獻求(qiu)證他們(men)那里(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)籍(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)望(wang)。然就(jiu)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)資料和(he)研究(jiu)成果(guo)而(er)(er)言,最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)集中亦最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)可信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)。漢代(dai)(dai)緯(wei)(wei)書《遁甲開山(shan)(shan)(shan)圖》記載:“石(shi)(shi)(shi)樓山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)瑯(lang)邪,昔有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)此(ci)(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)。”(按:瑯(lang)邪,一(yi)(yi)作(zuo)瑯(lang)琊,山(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming),在(zai)安徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi)西南(nan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)古代(dai)(dai)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan),漢元(yuan)封5年即公元(yuan)前106年,武(wu)帝劉(liu)徹南(nan)巡(xun)還曾(ceng)禮拜此(ci)(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)指出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西省石(shi)(shi)(shi)樓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省諸(zhu)(zhu)城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)亦有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)同(tong)名(ming)。)瑯(lang)琊山(shan)(shan)(shan)之南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)袤(mao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)(yu),正(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)今(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)轄區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。明(ming)清時(shi)期(qi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)認(ren)定(ding)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)后裔巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),并(bing)(bing)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之名(ming)亦源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父。這種認(ren)知見諸(zhu)(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)。(康熙《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》、雍正(zheng)(zheng)《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》)現代(dai)(dai)文史(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)亦有(you)(you)(you)同(tong)識(shi),“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中華民(min)(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾(ceng)經(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)”。(龔衛國《民(min)(min)間傳說(shuo)系列·巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)》)“據(ju)古老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)帶就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)筑(zhu)(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)鄉(xiang)。那么現今(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中華民(min)(min)族(zu)最(zui)早(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之一(yi)(yi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”(葉(xie)尚志(zhi)《漫說(shuo)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)三上(shang)將》)專(zhuan)欄作(zuo)家(jia)(jia)瀟水(shui)(shui)對有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)創(chuang)(chuang)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)深細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析和(he)研究(jiu),并(bing)(bing)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)著作(zuo)中給與(yu)(yu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)形象(xiang)描述和(he)評(ping)說(shuo):“七八千年前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)江兩岸,房子也(ye)(ye)星星火(huo)火(huo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點綴起(qi)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)。就(jiu)像(xiang)北方(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)挖地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)穴一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)(yang),南(nan)方(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)搭鳥巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。……棲息(xi)(xi)在(zai)木(mu)(mu)樁上(shang)躲避(bi)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou),也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳說(shuo)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’了(le)(le)(le)(le)。安徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),據(ju)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)家(jia)(jia)。”(《青銅時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)戰爭》)還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)種說(shuo)法,如臺灣(wan)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)詹招(zhao)琳先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、混沌氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伏羲時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個帝王。有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)都舞陽,后遷(qian)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)……。”(《中華姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)共(gong)(gong)祖(zu)(zu)統一(yi)(yi)輩(bei)序(xu)(昭穆)表(biao)·有(you)(you)(you)考(kao)(kao)證的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三皇(huang)五帝時(shi)期(qi)》)文物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)湯錦程稱(cheng):“最(zui)早(zao)(zao)進入安徽(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)族(zu)……巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全國五大(da)(da)(da)淡水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之一(yi)(yi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)必備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)首(shou)選之地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”(《安徽(hui)(hui)(hui)湯氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)考(kao)(kao)》)雖說(shuo)遷(qian)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),但并(bing)(bing)不否定(ding)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“首(shou)創(chuang)(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”之地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。綜上(shang)所(suo)(suo)述,有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開辟了(le)(le)(le)(le)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文明(ming)史(shi)(shi)頁,同(tong)時(shi)開辟了(le)(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社(she)(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)紀(ji)元(yuan)。也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo),人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文明(ming)時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曙(shu)光是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從今(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)升射天(tian)(tian)穹,再八方(fang)輻射而(er)(er)普(pu)照天(tian)(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
◎《尚書·仲虺之誥》記:“成湯放桀于南巢。”
◎《呂(lv)氏春秋》記:“湯伐(fa)桀,戰于成,登自鳴條,乃入巢門。”
◎《國(guo)語》韋昭注稱:“南(nan)巢(chao),揚州地(di),巢(chao)伯之國(guo),今廬江居巢(chao)是也(ye)。”
◎《淮南(nan)子》記:湯“整兵鳴條,困夏南(nan)巢(chao),譙以其過(guo),放之歷(li)山。”
◎《淮南(nan)(nan)子》高誘注稱,“南(nan)(nan)巢”為“今(jin)廬江(jiang)居(ju)巢”,釋“歷山(shan)”曰“蓋歷陽之山(shan)”。南(nan)(nan)巢、巢門,皆稱古(gu)(gu)巢國地域,歷山(shan)在今(jin)巢湖市和(he)縣,系屬(shu)古(gu)(gu)巢國之境。
◎《荊州箴》云:“南巢茫茫,多楚(chu)與荊,風(feng)飄以(yi)悍,氣銳以(yi)剛……。”
◎郭(guo)沫若主(zhu)編《中國(guo)史稿地圖集》之夏(xia)代地圖將“南巢”標點于今(jin)巢城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)址。
◎《巢(chao)湖市志》記:“夏代(dai),以(yi)地處宗主國夏王朝(chao)的南(nan)疆,故又稱‘南(nan)巢(chao)’。”
周代商而立(li),則(ze)多(duo)次遣師征討并戰(zhan)勝了巢(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo),視巢(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)地大(da)勢(shi)強不(bu)(bu)便控制,遂將其地析分為巢(chao)(chao)(chao)、廬(lu)(lu)(廬(lu)(lu),房屋,與巢(chao)(chao)(chao)同(tong)義(yi))二國(guo),因賜爵位不(bu)(bu)同(tong),而分別被(bei)稱為“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)伯國(guo)”、“廬(lu)(lu)子國(guo)”,廬(lu)(lu)國(guo)新都于今合肥(fei)城(cheng)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)仍都于今巢(chao)(chao)(chao)城(cheng)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)。
史入春秋(qiu),巢(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)疆域先后遭遇(yu)“群(qun)舒(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”(舒(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、舒(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)庸、舒(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蓼、舒(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)鳩、舒(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)龍,在(zai)(zai)今(jin)舒(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)城、廬江一(yi)帶(dai))、橐皋(今(jin)巢(chao)(chao)湖市柘皋鎮及肥東縣(xian)東部一(yi)帶(dai))等眾小國(guo)(guo)(guo)的侵略(lve)和蠶食。楚(chu)、吳相繼強(qiang)盛,使得(de)位(wei)處(chu)“吳頭楚(chu)尾”的巢(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo),長(chang)期成為楚(chu)、吳二強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)掠奪(duo)對象(xiang)和交兵戰場,時為楚(chu)屬(shu)(shu),時為吳屬(shu)(shu)。歷來注重(zhong)經濟(ji)建設,睦(mu)鄰友(you)朋(peng)而(er)忽(hu)略(lve)軍(jun)事的巢(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo),便在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)種軍(jun)國(guo)(guo)(guo)主義(yi)橫(heng)行、列(lie)強(qiang)稱霸的惡劣環境中(zhong)漸(jian)次衰微,直到被吳(前518年(nian))滅亡。
“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)贈予(yu)首(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)祖(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao),隨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)他(ta)用世(shi)(shi)(shi)著(zhu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao)。誠如魯(lu)迅所(suo)解(jie):“至于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)實狀(zhuang),則(ze)荒(huang)漠(mo)不(bu)可(ke)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao),君長(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),且(qie)難審知,世(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)皇(huang)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)皇(huang)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)皇(huang)者,列(lie)三(san)(san)才開始(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu),繼(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、伏羲、神(shen)農(nong)者,明(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程,殆皆后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)命,非真(zhen)(zhen)號(hao)(hao)矣(yi)!”(《漢文(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綱要·自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)字至文(wen)(wen)章》)圣(sheng)(sheng)祖(zu)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”功德顯(xian)著(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)尚(shang)(shang),于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao)就(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)“原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)“原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)”所(suo)生(sheng)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那個(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詞(ci)和(he)(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詞(ci)。歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)徐旭生(sheng)對(dui)(dui)此(ci)作過研究,“就(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)能(neng)得到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料去(qu)研討,我(wo)們可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)推斷(duan)神(shen)農(nong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)類,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)家(jia)(jia)從社(she)會(hui)(hui)進(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)想(xiang)(xiang)出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詞(ci)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)》)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)大(da)(da)師錢穆(mu)從人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)演(yan)進(jin)視角分(fen)(fen)析得很有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)道理:“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo),極富(fu)理性(xing),切近(jin)事(shi)實,與(yu)(yu)(yu)并世(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)追述(shu)(shu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充滿(man)神(shen)話(hua)氣(qi)味(wei)者大(da)(da)不(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。如有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)熟食時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),庖犧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)畜牧時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)耕(geng)稼時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。此(ci)等(deng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao),本非古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)所(suo)本有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),乃屬后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)想(xiang)(xiang)象稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)述(shu)(shu),乃與(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)演(yan)進(jin)階段(duan),先(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)符合(he)。此(ci)見我(wo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)民(min)(min),早(zao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)演(yan)進(jin),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)清(qing)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀點與(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)(xiang)法(fa)。”(《近(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷疑(yi)》)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)許(xu)立(li)(li)群(qun)在(zai)(zai)1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)描述(shu)(shu)過中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)狀(zhuang)況,“曾(ceng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、伏羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、女媧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)事(shi)跡,首(shou)先(xian)說(shuo)(shuo)到(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)……。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)話(hua)》)范文(wen)(wen)瀾著(zhu)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)通史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》將(jiang)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”明(ming)確(que)劃分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)個(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。吳國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)楨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)論及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,“在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)那些名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字進(jin)行一(yi)(yi)(yi)番認(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核查以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),我(wo)們發(fa)(fa)現剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)個(ge)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字值得我(wo)們稍加注(zhu)意(yi)。那就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),二(er)燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),三(san)(san)庖犧或(huo)(huo)伏羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),四(si)神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統》)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)們遂(sui)(sui)將(jiang)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“無限制”地(di)(di)(di)(di)往前(qian)(qian)推進(jin),直到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)始(shi)(shi)(shi)端——地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)跨越(yue)“更新(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)”早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“舊(jiu)石器(qi)”早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),甚至包括170萬年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元謀人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)經(jing)歷(li)藍(lan)田(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)……直至5萬年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丁(ding)(ding)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),嗣(si)后(hou)(hou)(hou)才進(jin)入(ru)(ru)“燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”。(歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)張習(xi)孔(kong)、田(tian)玨主(zhu)編(bian)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)事(shi)編(bian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表(biao)》)首(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)祖(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)170萬年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)。《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)(san)墳》等(deng)文(wen)(wen)獻載(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi),也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)可(ke)能(neng)生(sheng)活于(yu)(yu)(yu)舊(jiu)石器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),約(yue)(yue)與(yu)(yu)(yu)“丁(ding)(ding)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“柳江人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)或(huo)(huo)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)。燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)尚(shang)(shang)待進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)證,但“血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣群(qun)婚”社(she)會(hui)(hui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)許(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)群(qun)子(zi)孫,且(qie)將(jiang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)繁衍(yan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)血(xue)(xue)(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)強大(da)(da)血(xue)(xue)(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)再漸(jian)(jian)次蘗生(sheng)許(xu)多支系。馬(ma)克思(si)指(zhi)(zhi)出:“血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)社(she)會(hui)(hui)組織形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式”。(《摩(mo)爾根(gen)〈古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)社(she)會(hui)(hui)〉一(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)摘要》)血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣家(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類從“原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)”轉變到(dao)(dao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)公(gong)社(she))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要標志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。生(sheng)息(xi)并漁(yu)、牧于(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)四(si)周,或(huo)(huo)水澤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁,或(huo)(huo)原(yuan)(yuan)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang),或(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)孫代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)繁衍(yan),必將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)核心(xin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樞及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)支系部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)群(qun)體。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華(hua)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)相(xiang)比,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)民(min)(min)最(zui)(zui)殊異而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又最(zui)(zui)先(xian)進(jin)最(zui)(zui)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活特(te)征(zheng)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,即(ji)使那時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”簡(jian)陋得只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)竹木構架、茅(mao)草結蓬,但這(zhe)個(ge)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”絕對(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“家(jia)(jia)”,一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)賴以(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)存、安(an)(an)(an)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)(he)繁衍(yan)子(zi)孫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“家(jia)(jia)”。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)這(zhe)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)不(bu)僅首(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)且(qie)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式推行最(zui)(zui)廣(guang)、最(zui)(zui)快,由(you)(you)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”于(yu)(yu)(yu)樹上(shang)(shang),到(dao)(dao)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面,由(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)孤立(li)(li),到(dao)(dao)數(shu)(shu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聚(ju)(ju)集,直到(dao)(dao)群(qun)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)連片,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)和(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)邑(yi)(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)總首(shou)領(ling)即(ji)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)無疑(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)群(qun)”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)規模(mo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多大(da)(da),史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料無考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)。《論語·公(gong)冶長(chang)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“十(shi)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo),“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父”居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)少于(yu)(yu)(yu)10室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu),完全(quan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)理直氣(qi)壯地(di)(di)(di)(di)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“邑(yi)(yi)”——巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)邑(yi)(yi)。考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)在(zai)(zai)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)區(qu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)——今(jin)含山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)凌家(jia)(jia)灘所(suo)發(fa)(fa)現5300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)村(cun)(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(城(cheng)(cheng)邑(yi)(yi)),無疑(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那個(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)聚(ju)(ju)集地(di)(di)(di)(di)即(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住地(di)(di)(di)(di)。關(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁衍(yan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)續延,史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書(shu)多有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai),說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)略見差異。《通志(zhi)·三(san)(san)皇(huang)紀(ji)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)》稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)百(bai)(bai)余(yu)(yu)(yu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),民(min)(min)知巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),未(wei)(wei)知熟食”。《佛祖(zu)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)通載(zai)》稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),百(bai)(bai)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),不(bu)記(ji)(ji)(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。”《三(san)(san)皇(huang)五氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)百(bai)(bai)余(yu)(yu)(yu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”。《太(tai)平御覽》“皇(huang)王(wang)(wang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)三(san)(san)·有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”條下(xia)引《遁(dun)甲開山(shan)(shan)(shan)圖(tu)》注(zhu):“王(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)百(bai)(bai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)余(yu)(yu)(yu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),未(wei)(wei)詳(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)也(ye)。”《博物志(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)(ji)述(shu)(shu)得更加詳(xiang)細:“昔(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)亂臣(chen)(chen)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)貴,任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),假之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)權,專國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)斷(duan),已(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)奪(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。臣(chen)(chen)怒而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)變,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亡(wang)。”值得注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《春(chun)秋(qiu)緯命歷(li)序(xu)》其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)八《因提紀(ji)》、其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九《禪通紀(ji)》兩(liang)紀(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)別見記(ji)(ji)(ji)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,事(shi)功不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong),并見“傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)二(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)”與(yu)(yu)(yu)“傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)七(qi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差。同(tong)(tong)(tong)樣,《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表(biao)·盤古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)王(wang)(wang)表(biao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)《重(zhong)鑄煙火時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)》(約(yue)(yue)前(qian)(qian)5770~4070年(nian)(nian)(nian))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)6氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”(共2代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai));其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)《躍起(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)》(約(yue)(yue)前(qian)(qian)3150~2230年(nian)(nian)(nian))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)4氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皇(huang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”(共7代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai))。清(qing)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者梁(liang)履繩(sheng)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)說(shuo)(shuo)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)、燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)(qian),亦謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)‘大(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’,治石樓山(shan)(shan)(shan),在(zai)(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)……一(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)昊(hao)英(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),《六(liu)韜》、《世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)》所(suo)敘者是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兄梁(liang)玉(yu)繩(sheng)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),“后(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)必上(shang)(shang)世(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裔(yi),遷徙(xi)異處,降(jiang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)諸(zhu)(zhu)侯,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)吳臣(chen)(chen),似(si)不(bu)得分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)任亂臣(chen)(chen)擅國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)亡(wang)。”(《〈史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)〉〈漢書(shu)〉諸(zhu)(zhu)表(biao)訂(ding)補十(shi)種》)漫長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)領(ling)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)業績(ji)和(he)(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)身份,也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)往往留下(xia)同(tong)(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)區(qu)別,或(huo)(huo)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)首(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)祖(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“大(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,或(huo)(huo)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)嗣(si)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)領(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皇(huang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。在(zai)(zai)歷(li)經(jing)燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、伏羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(女媧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、軒轅氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)堯、舜(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)漸(jian)(jian)次屈(qu)低,興(xing)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)聯盟(meng)(meng)(meng)首(shou)領(ling)被(bei)尊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“九州(zhou)長(chang)”,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)領(ling)則(ze)被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父”,并臣(chen)(chen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)先(xian)民(min)(min)們茹毛飲血(xue)(xue)(xue),一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)接一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)艱苦奮斗,最(zui)(zui)早(zao)開發(fa)(fa)治理巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域,漁(yu)、牧、農(nong)、商(shang)諸(zhu)(zhu)業。這(zhe)里地(di)(di)(di)(di)沃(wo)物豐(feng),吸引著(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(如皋陶(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偃(yan)姓部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo))從東方(fang)(fang)(fang)、北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)不(bu)斷(duan)徙(xi)入(ru)(ru),作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)著(zhu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)熱情地(di)(di)(di)(di)迎納(na)外(wai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)并讓出巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)西及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)西南(nan)廣(guang)闊(kuo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域(今(jin)六(liu)安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、舒城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai))許(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)定居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)便(bian)漸(jian)(jian)漸(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)聯盟(meng)(meng)(meng)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)疆(jiang)域廣(guang)袤,大(da)(da)約(yue)(yue)包括今(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(1區(qu)4縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))、合(he)肥市(shi)(shi)(shi)(城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)3縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))、六(liu)安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)六(liu)安(an)(an)(an)、壽(shou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、舒城(cheng)(cheng)、霍山(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))和(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)慶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(桐城(cheng)(cheng)、樅陽等(deng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))、滁州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)、全(quan)椒、來(lai)安(an)(an)(an)等(deng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))南(nan)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)江北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)圓幾千里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)野、水澤、山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禹(yu)入(ru)(ru)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)治水期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)友(you)皋陶(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)華(hua)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)結成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)聯盟(meng)(meng)(meng),皋陶(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女偃(yan)攸嫁給夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禹(yu),并生(sheng)下(xia)啟,這(zhe)使有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)友(you)皋陶(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)獲(huo)得重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)提升,遂(sui)(sui)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)建(jian)立(li)(li)起(qi)各(ge)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),皋陶(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偃(yan)姓部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涂山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)懷遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)建(jian)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”)則(ze)仍舊(jiu)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)城(cheng)(cheng)(郭沫若主(zhu)編(bian)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)稿地(di)(di)(di)(di)圖(tu)集》)。誠如《安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省志(zhi)·建(jian)置(zhi)(zhi)沿(yan)(yan)革志(zhi)》所(suo)解(jie),“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)源于(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)建(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。”《百(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)姓詳(xiang)解(jie)》云:“禹(yu)帝(di)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾(ceng)封有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)建(jian)立(li)(li)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(今(jin)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)境內(nei)(nei))。在(zai)(zai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)、商(shang)、周三(san)(san)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)世(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),春(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅掉巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)公(gong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)便(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)原(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”夏(xia)(xia)(xia)朝建(jian)立(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)從屬,但因夏(xia)(xia)(xia)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)先(xian)輩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊關(guan)(guan)系,故(gu)在(zai)(zai)政治經(jing)濟上(shang)(shang)都(dou)獲(huo)得超出一(yi)(yi)(yi)般小(xiao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)優惠而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)獨立(li)(li)性(xing),賜伯爵(jue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)伯”。因位(wei)(wei)(wei)處南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”“南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”。“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處宗主(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)王(wang)(wang)朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)疆(jiang),故(gu)又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)‘南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’。”(《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)》)“‘南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),實則(ze)來(lai)源于(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。‘南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’最(zui)(zui)初是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)本竹書(shu)紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)》云:‘夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)逃南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。’這(zhe)個(ge)南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)于(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)岸,以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)卑濕(shi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。……其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)統治地(di)(di)(di)(di)域初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)淮(huai)南(nan)、江北(bei)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。因巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域廣(guang)大(da)(da),‘南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)就(jiu)(jiu)由(you)(you)最(zui)(zui)初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域,擴大(da)(da)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)指(zhi)(zhi)荊楚(chu)江淮(huai)。”(譚繼(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)《論古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)巴(ba)蜀巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)淵源及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展》)值得注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)被(bei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)(tang)戰(zhan)敗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)直奔(ben)南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)尋求(qiu)救護與(yu)(yu)(yu)避難。“湯(tang)(tang)伐桀(jie),戰(zhan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),登自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鳴(ming)條,乃入(ru)(ru)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)門。”(《呂氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)春(chun)秋(qiu)》)“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)(tang)放(fang)桀(jie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。”(《尚(shang)(shang)書(shu)·仲虺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誥》)“(湯(tang)(tang))整兵(bing)鳴(ming)條,困夏(xia)(xia)(xia)南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),譙以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過,放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。”(《淮(huai)南(nan)子(zi)》)南(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)果然(ran)保護、接納(na)并安(an)(an)(an)置(zhi)(zhi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)且(qie)與(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)(tang)協議,巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)雖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附屬,然(ran)分(fen)(fen)疆(jiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)治,和(he)(he)(he)平共處。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商(shang)500年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),商(shang)王(wang)(wang)朝除武(wu)丁(ding)(ding)曾(ceng)對(dui)(dui)虎(hu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(今(jin)壽(shou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、長(chang)豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai))用兵(bing)外(wai),江淮(huai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)幾無戰(zhan)事(shi),各(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)持續穩定地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)存發(fa)(fa)展著(zhu)。(《安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省志(zhi)·建(jian)置(zhi)(zhi)沿(yan)(yan)革志(zhi)》)周代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)商(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),九州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千余(yu)(yu)(yu)個(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)均先(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)歸順過去(qu)。抑或(huo)(huo)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)六(liu)、英(ying)諸(zhu)(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo))世(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)素與(yu)(yu)(yu)商(shang)友(you)睦,周王(wang)(wang)朝介意(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)多次遣(qian)師征(zheng)討。“周原(yuan)(yuan)出土(tu)甲骨有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)‘征(zheng)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai),《西清(qing)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鑒(jian)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)件青銅器(qi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)周對(dui)(dui)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用兵(bing)。”(《安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)大(da)(da)辭典》)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)表(biao)示臣(chen)(chen)服,然(ran)周武(wu)王(wang)(wang)姬發(fa)(fa)視巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)勢強,遂(sui)(sui)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域析分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、廬(lu)二(er)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資深,繼(ji)(ji)賜伯爵(jue),稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)伯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,廬(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)賜子(zi)爵(jue),稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“廬(lu)子(zi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。春(chun)秋(qiu)前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)始(shi)(shi)(shi)終是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域重(zhong)要諸(zhu)(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)《左(zuo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》,15次見“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)肥物豐(feng),位(wei)(wei)(wei)處“吳頭楚(chu)尾”,故(gu)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)楚(chu)、吳掠奪(duo)對(dui)(dui)象和(he)(he)(he)交兵(bing)戰(zhan)場,巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)漸(jian)(jian)次衰微,時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)楚(chu)屬,時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吳屬,于(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)518年(nian)(nian)(nian),被(bei)吳滅亡(wang)。
記載
◎《中華大字(zi)典》稱:“巢:國名。《書序》:巢伯來朝。”
◎《巢湖市志》記:“西周(zhou)(zhou)加封這個夏、商的遺留方國(guo)為(wei)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)爵。巢伯(bo)(bo)(bo)在周(zhou)(zhou)武王時進京朝覲,芮伯(bo)(bo)(bo)還為(wei)此作了一(yi)篇《旅巢命》。西周(zhou)(zhou)銅器《班簋》銘文(wen)中(zhong)有‘秉、繁、蜀、巢’4個國(guo)名(ming),其中(zhong)的‘巢’字就是巢伯(bo)(bo)(bo)國(guo)。”
◎公元前615年(nian),楚國伐巢國,《春秋·文公十二年(nian)》云:“夏,楚人圍巢。”杜預注(zhu):“巢,吳(wu)楚間小國。廬江六縣東(dong)有居巢城。”
◎前584年,《左(zuo)傳》云:“吳始伐楚(chu)伐巢”。
◎前518年(nian),吳(wu)國(guo)滅巢國(guo),《左傳(chuan)·昭公二(er)十四年(nian)》云(yun):“吳(wu)人踵楚,而邊人不(bu)備,遂滅巢及鐘(zhong)離而還。”
按:今巢(chao)湖市域為古巢(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之地(di),本為有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)氏生息地(di)和有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)氏氏族部落所轄地(di)。因(yin)此,這(zhe)里有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)地(di)域名稱(cheng)、山水名稱(cheng)和政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)名稱(cheng)都往往取(qu)用(yong)“巢(chao)”字(zi)。誠如《安徽(hui)省志·建置(zhi)沿革志》所說:“除(chu)僑置(zhi)外,凡帶‘巢(chao)’字(zi)的(de)政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)命名都與古巢(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)。因(yin)此,可以說,巢(chao)湖及(ji)帶‘巢(chao)’字(zi)的(de)政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)名稱(cheng)均源(yuan)于古巢(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。古巢(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)源(yuan)于有(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)氏所建方國(guo)(guo)(guo)。”