天(tian)橋(qiao)山自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護區地貌多(duo)樣,自(zi)(zi)然條件優越,野生(sheng)動植物資源豐富(fu),系(xi)亞(ya)熱帶常綠闊葉、落(luo)(luo)葉混交林,植被(bei)相當豐富(fu),在(zai)生(sheng)態系(xi)統、生(sheng)物群落(luo)(luo)和物種多(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)等方面(mian)具有(you)典型性(xing)(xing)和代表(biao)性(xing)(xing),具有(you)很高的科學、文(wen)化、旅游、經濟和保(bao)護價值。
天(tian)橋(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)人文景觀(guan)和名(ming)勝古(gu)跡也多(duo)達40余處。如位(wei)于(yu)天(tian)橋(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)半山(shan)(shan)(shan)懸崖脊上的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)橋(qiao)古(gu)道(dao),據推算該古(gu)道(dao)最遲建成于(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)康(kang)熙以前,是上天(tian)橋(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)經(jing)通道(dao),“上山(shan)(shan)(shan)必(bi)過(guo)橋(qiao),過(guo)橋(qiao)必(bi)打顫”。由于(yu)奇(qi)懸多(duo)姿(zi),清(qing)(qing)(qing)舉人李涌曾賦(fu)詩筆譽“府(fu)首洞門青霧(wu)鎖,昆瞻峰(feng)頂白云連”。位(wei)于(yu)天(tian)橋(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)極四庵,威嚴而儀態(tai)萬般(ban),分別(bie)為(wei)修復于(yu)康(kang)熙年間的(de)(de)(de)華巖閣、娘(niang)娘(niang)殿(dian)、北(bei)極宮(gong)和靈宮(gong)殿(dian)。位(wei)于(yu)天(tian)橋(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)右側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)杜鵑溪,因杜鵑花(hua)繁(fan)茂(mao)而得名(ming),水質清(qing)(qing)(qing)純,四季長流;位(wei)于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)區北(bei)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)崔龍庵始建明清(qing)(qing)(qing)之間,翠竹蔥(cong)茂(mao),有“破竹成兵,攻打朱元璋(zhang)”等美妙神(shen)奇(qi)的(de)(de)(de)傳說;位(wei)于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)區南北(bei)腳下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)奇(qi)梁洞是著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)教圣地。更(geng)為(wei)奇(qi)絕(jue)的(de)(de)(de)是,登上天(tian)橋(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂,極目(mu)窮(qiong)盡(jin),沅江、峒河(he)像兩條飄帶(dai)把自然保(bao)護(hu)區緊(jin)緊(jin)環繞,云濤霧(wu)海,如登仙境。
天橋山自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區總(zong)面積13333公頃(qing),植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類92個(ge)科(ke)200余種(zhong),其中屬(shu)國家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)植物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)水杉(shan)、銀杏2種(zhong),屬(shu)國家(jia)(jia)二級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)植物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)21種(zhong),屬(shu)省級重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)植物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)40余種(zhong);野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)30目50科(ke)1000余種(zhong),其中脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)350余種(zhong),屬(shu)國家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)白頸(jing)長尾(wei)雉、黃腹角(jiao)雉、麝3種(zhong),國家(jia)(jia)二級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)30種(zhong),省重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)100多(duo)種(zhong)。