簡介
清康(kang)熙四十八(ba)年(nian)九月,因(yin)(yin)強烈地震,高廟(miao)保(bao)安寺(si)殿堂傾圮(pi),后經四年(nian)修整方復原貌(mao)。至乾隆(long)年(nian)間,廟(miao)寺(si)再(zai)次傾于地震之(zhi)災(zai),時由(you)住(zhu)持廣(guang)壽法師(shi),率徒(tu)續因(yin)(yin)、續行,啟發地方善信,保(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)存者(zhe),補其(qi)(qi)(qi)毀(hui)者(zhe)。至咸豐八(ba)年(nian)同增建(jian)的磚牌(pai)坊、東西天池(chi)、轉(zhuan)圈樓(lou)以及山門(men),廣(guang)場、影樓(lou)戲臺全部竣工。地方紳士(shi)尊其(qi)(qi)(qi)三教(jiao)同源之(zhi)說,將(jiang)最頂層供奉玉皇大帝,故爾新廟(miao)又(you)稱“玉皇閣”。一(yi)九四二年(nian)農歷(li)二月十五(wu)日,因(yin)(yin)廟(miao)會失火,高廟(miao)保(bao)安寺(si)磚牌(pai)坊以上的建(jian)筑全部付之(zhi)一(yi)炬(ju),次年(nian)由(you)信士(shi)梁邦振(zhen)、詹毓麟等(deng)助捐募化,陳銘信士(shi)提(ti)任木(mu)工總設(she)計,再(zai)與土木(mu),歷(li)時四年(nian)方完(wan)工。新建(jian)寺(si)廟(miao)因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)執事瑤池(chi)徒(tu),將(jiang)瑤池(chi)金母和十二仙女(nv)之(zhi)像(xiang)供于最頂之(zhi)層,所以新建(jian)廟(miao)宇又(you)稱“高廟(miao)”。
特色
高廟保安(an)寺的建筑(zhu)特(te)點是集中(zhong)(zhong)、緊湊、重(zhong)疊(die)、回曲、高雅。整(zheng)個(ge)建筑(zhu)設計縱(zong)向沿中(zhong)(zhong)軸線展開,橫向左右對稱(cheng),逐次伸進(jin),升高,平地(di)高臺(tai)(tai)渾為(wei)(wei)一體。其(qi)布局上下貫通,前部(bu)分(fen)是保安(an)寺,山(shan)門(men)建接引(yin)樓(lou)(lou),簡樸淡雅。進(jin)山(shan)門(men)通院(yuan)落,迎面(mian)是三(san)鳳朝陽的木刻(ke)小牌坊,小巧(qiao)俊秀(xiu),亭亭玉(yu)立,往北步(bu)和古樸大(da)(da)(da)方的天(tian)王殿,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩側(ce)各有(you)祠堂,院(yuan)落左右廂各配殿宇。通天(tian)王殿,登十二(er)級臺(tai)(tai)階,下有(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)貫通的弧形隧道,叫地(di)獄宮,清咸(xian)豐(feng)八年(nian)增(zeng)建的三(san)孔磚(zhuan)牌坊,巍然屹立在隧道之上。設計別具匠心,磚(zhuan)雕工(gong)藝(yi)精(jing)美(mei),內容豐(feng)富多彩。再(zai)十二(er)級臺(tai)(tai)階,通過“華(hua)藏(zang)玄門(men)”,繞過屏障(zhang),迎面(mian)是重(zhong)疊(die)三(san)層的主樓(lou)(lou),一層為(wei)(wei)“大(da)(da)(da)雄寶殿”,二(er)層為(wei)(wei)“西(xi)(xi)方三(san)圣殿”,三(san)層為(wei)(wei)“五方佛殿”。主樓(lou)(lou)高二(er)十九米(mi),為(wei)(wei)九轉(zhuan)七工(gong)程(cheng),大(da)(da)(da)層頂騰(teng)空拔起(qi),氣勢宏偉。主樓(lou)(lou)前建有(you)三(san)層玲(ling)瓏俊秀(xiu)的“大(da)(da)(da)悲閣”(俗稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)),其(qi)造型之奇特(te),雕刻(ke)藝(yi)術之精(jing)美(mei)為(wei)(wei)全寺這精(jing)華(hua)。其(qi)底層為(wei)(wei)透風過廳(ting),四(si)通殿宇,排列有(you)序的翹首飛檐三(san)層共有(you)三(san)十六個(ge)。在三(san)樓(lou)(lou)脊頂中(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)一座八角塔,猶(you)如鳳冠(guan);在大(da)(da)(da)悲閣東(dong)兩側(ce)又建雙層樓(lou)(lou)閣(即鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou))如鳳凰之兩翼。從整(zheng)體看,整(zheng)個(ge)建筑(zhu)似鳳凰展翅,給人(ren)以(yi)欲(yu)飛的感(gan)覺。
保安寺(si)(si)是近代三(san)教(jiao)合(he)(he)一的典型(xing)寺(si)(si)院,如寺(si)(si)內(nei)小牌樓有(you)寓意三(san)教(jiao)合(he)(he)一的對聯∶上(shang)聯“廟(miao)貌巍峨清(qing)凈通一氣”,下聯“神靈感應(ying)慈悲忠(zhong)恕(shu)不二門(men)”,橫批“三(san)教(jiao)同源”。磚牌坊之(zhi)磚柱(zhu)上(shang)聯“儒釋(shi)道(dao)之(zhi)度我度他(ta)皆(jie)從這里”,下聯“天在(zai)人之(zhi)自造自化盡(jin)在(zai)此間”。殿內(nei)塑像(xiang)(xiang)有(you)佛像(xiang)(xiang)、神仙和(he)孔圣牌位,反映出明清(qing)時期儒釋(shi)道(dao)三(san)教(jiao)融合(he)(he)、和(he)諧相處(chu)的狀況。
“十年(nian)浩劫”期間(jian),歷代儒(ru)釋道神像(xiang)盡遭搗毀(hui)之厄,高廟保安寺除(chu)一口(kou)古鐘和(he)部分建筑物外,殿堂(tang)內的(de)設施,經書、法器全部毀(hui)壞,蕩然(ran)無(wu)存,寺僧被逐。
現狀
十(shi)(shi)一屆(jie)三中全(quan)會以后(hou),政府拔(ba)款三十(shi)(shi)六萬(wan)八千元,信(xin)眾集資七(qi)十(shi)(shi)多萬(wan)元,對高(gao)廟保安寺進行(xing)全(quan)面整(zheng)修。按(an)照佛教內(nei)容雕塑佛像(xiang)、精工彩畫,十(shi)(shi)六位僧(seng)人常(chang)住(zhu),由佛教界自主管理,現成(cheng)為(wei)寧南(nan)佛教中心,為(wei)振(zhen)興中寧夏佛教作出(chu)貢(gong)獻。
現任住持(chi)為(wei)(wei)宗相法師,一(yi)九(jiu)八八年選為(wei)(wei)自治區(qu)佛協常務(wu)理事,中(zhong)衛縣(xian)佛協副(fu)會長,一(yi)九(jiu)九(jiu)五年選為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)衛縣(xian)佛協會長。
自然氣候
中衛市保安(an)寺(si)深居內陸,遠(yuan)離海洋(yang),靠近(jin)沙(sha)漠(mo),屬半干旱氣候,具有典型的(de)大陸性季風氣候和沙(sha)漠(mo)氣候的(de)特點。春暖遲、秋(qiu)涼(liang)早、夏熱短、冬寒長,風大沙(sha)多,干旱少雨(yu)。年平均(jun)氣溫在(zai)7.3-9.5℃之(zhi)間,最(zui)佳(jia)游寺(si)時間在(zai)春秋(qiu)兩季。
寺廟歷史
保(bao)(bao)安(an)寺(si),原名(ming)新廟,又名(ming)高廟。位于(yu)寧廈回族自治區(qu)中衛縣城北,環境清幽,保(bao)(bao)安(an)寺(si)布局緊(jin)湊,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)巍(wei)峨,層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)重(zhong)疊(die),飛檐翹角,雄偉壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。保(bao)(bao)安(an)寺(si)景(jing)觀(guan)具有70多年(nian)(nian)歷史的保(bao)(bao)安(an)寺(si)位于(yu)安(an)達市區(qu)北引路北側,是安(an)達著名(ming)的佛教寺(si)院和宗教活動場所(suo)。該寺(si)俗稱姑子庵(an),始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)民國20年(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)),稱念佛堂。偽康德9年(nian)(nian)(1942年(nian)(nian))正式命名(ming)保(bao)(bao)安(an)寺(si),供奉(feng)彌勒佛、觀(guan)音,大勢至菩薩。1996年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)新修(xiu)建(jian)(jian),保(bao)(bao)安(an)寺(si)現(xian)占地(di)面積(ji)10000多平方米,保(bao)(bao)安(an)寺(si)創建(jian)(jian)于(yu)明代(dai)以前,明永樂年(nian)(nian)間(1403-1424)曾增修(xiu),先修(xiu)天王殿(dian),后又增建(jian)(jian)中樓(lou)(lou)。清康熙(xi)四十八年(nian)(nian)(1709)秋,因地(di)震坍(tan)塌重(zhong)修(xiu)。后經道光(guang)(guang)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1822)、咸豐三年(nian)(nian)(1853)、光(guang)(guang)緒八年(nian)(nian)(1882)陸(lu)續增建(jian)(jian)東西轉(zhuan)角樓(lou)(lou),并與中樓(lou)(lou)相互銜接。
到民國初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)修(xiu)(xiu)大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)三層。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中樓(lou)與大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)三層毀于(yu)火,1943年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)除按原樣修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)外(wai),又(you)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou)和(he)僧舍(she)。現已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)擁有相當規(gui)格的(de)寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群。地安(an)門(men)(men)西大(da)(da)街路北。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至正年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),原有寺(si)僧義佛住錫,相傳僧聰慧異于(yu)常人,學習佛經過目能誦。寺(si)本(ben)無(wu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),由于(yu)義佛聰慧如半(ban)部(bu)藏經,被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)半(ban)藏寺(si)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至正七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1347),義佛之徒智(zhi)存請求(qiu)寺(si)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),丞相布(bu)哈奏請,賜名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)義利寺(si)。明嘉(jia)靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),改(gai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)保(bao)安(an)寺(si)。明隆慶二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1568)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。寺(si)內(nei)(nei)有明萬歷十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1589)、清(qing)(qing)(qing)康熙二(er)(1663)、清(qing)(qing)(qing)嘉(jia)慶十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1812)所(suo)立碑(bei)。寺(si)坐北朝(chao)南,分(fen)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西兩院(yuan)(yuan)。西院(yuan)(yuan)依(yi)次(ci)為(wei)(wei)山門(men)(men)3間(jian)(jian)、正殿(dian)(dian)3間(jian)(jian)帶廊(lang)、后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)5間(jian)(jian)(3間(jian)(jian)吞廊(lang))、東(dong)(dong)(dong)西配殿(dian)(dian)各3間(jian)(jian)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)院(yuan)(yuan)有殿(dian)(dian)三重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),規(gui)模較西院(yuan)(yuan)略小,其(qi)西配殿(dian)(dian)即(ji)為(wei)(wei)西院(yuan)(yuan)之東(dong)(dong)(dong)配殿(dian)(dian),一重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)3間(jian)(jian),二(er)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)3間(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)廂房3間(jian)(jian),三重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)5間(jian)(jian)。全寺(si)共有古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房屋37間(jian)(jian)。有3通石碑(bei)砌(qi)筑(zhu)墻內(nei)(nei),山門(men)(men)已(yi)無(wu)存。現為(wei)(wei)民居。西城區文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)康熙四(si)(si)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1709年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))九(jiu)月(yue)(yue),寧夏發生(sheng)強(qiang)烈地震,使上層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)全部(bu)傾圮。地震后(hou)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)(nei)修(xiu)(xiu)繕完工(gong),起名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)新廟(miao)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)乾隆三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)一月(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)四(si)(si)日(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1739年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)3日),寧夏再(zai)次(ci)發生(sheng)強(qiang)烈地震,寺(si)廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)的(de)大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)倒塌。之后(hou),又(you)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)咸豐(feng)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1858年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了門(men)(men)前廣場上的(de)法戒樓(lou)和(he)寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)的(de)磚砌(qi)牌坊、東(dong)(dong)(dong)西轉樓(lou)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)西天池(chi),改(gai)稱(cheng)玉皇閣。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農歷二(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)五日,在此(ci)舉行廟(miao)會,因香(xiang)火不慎(shen),造成重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)火災,使南天門(men)(men)以(yi)上建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)一時間(jian)(jian)全部(bu)焚(fen)毀,蕩(dang)然無(wu)存。翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)度興工(gong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),并擴(kuo)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)宇,增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加高(gao)度,歷時4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),于(yu)1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)竣工(gong),起名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)保(bao)安(an)寺(si),即(ji)為(wei)(wei)清(qing)(qing)(qing)咸豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)和(he)20世紀40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)、增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)的(de)定(ding)型。其(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格依(yi)然以(yi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)代古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)(wei)主體。
人文景觀
古(gu)城中(zhong)(zhong)衛城北(bei)建(jian)在接連(lian)城墻(qiang)的(de)(de)高(gao)臺上(shang)的(de)(de)雄(xiong)偉古(gu)建(jian)筑——高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)(miao),格外引人注目。高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)(miao),始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)永樂年(nian)間,稱新廟(miao)(miao)(miao)。清康(kang)熙四(si)(si)十八年(nian)(公元(yuan)1710年(nian))秋,因地震坍塌(ta)重建(jian),后(hou)經(jing)道(dao)光二年(nian)、咸豐三(san)(san)年(nian)、光緒(xu)八年(nian)續建(jian),改(gai)稱玉(yu)皇閣。民國初年(nian)增建(jian)后(hou),改(gai)稱保(bao)安寺(si)(si),建(jian)筑面(mian)積達2510平方(fang)米,是(shi)一處造型完整、氣魄壯美的(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)。保(bao)安寺(si)(si)坐北(bei)朝南。前院(yuan)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)安寺(si)(si),進入山門(men)(men)(men),耀眼(yan)的(de)(de)單檐歇(xie)山頂大雄(xiong)寶殿正面(mian)屹立;兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)廂房、地藏宮(gong)、三(san)(san)霄宮(gong)和3座配殿各(ge)具特色(se)。保(bao)安寺(si)(si)后(hou)就是(shi)高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)主(zhu)體建(jian)筑。沿24級青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋪砌(qi)的(de)(de)臺階而(er)上(shang),高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕牌(pai)坊聳立眼(yan)前。牌(pai)坊立的(de)(de)一副對聯十分(fen)有(you)(you)趣。上(shang)聯是(shi):儒釋道(dao)之度我(wo)度他皆從這(zhe)里;下聯是(shi):天地人之自造自化盡在此間;橫(heng)批是(shi):無上(shang)法橋。過南天門(men)(men)(men),達中(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)。中(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)靈巧別(bie)致(zhi),六角三(san)(san)重檐四(si)(si)面(mian)坡頂分(fen)三(san)(san)層(ceng)疊合。途中(zhong)(zhong)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)東西(xi)天池(chi)和磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)天池(chi),分(fen)別(bie)有(you)(you)飛橋同南天門(men)(men)(men)相連(lian),渾然(ran)一體。中(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)層(ceng)塑(su)的(de)(de)太白金星像(xiang),肅(su)穆尊嚴;中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)塑(su)的(de)(de)觀音像(xiang),寧(ning)靜慈善(shan);下層(ceng)繪(hui)的(de)(de)二十八宿,各(ge)展(zhan)風采(cai)。最后(hou),是(shi)分(fen)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)下三(san)(san)層(ceng)而(er)設的(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)岳玉(yu)皇、圣母寶殿。下層(ceng)正面(mian)是(shi)五(wu)(wu)岳廟(miao)(miao)(miao),東有(you)(you)三(san)(san)宮(gong)殿,西(xi)有(you)(you)祖(zu)師殿;中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)正中(zhong)(zhong)塑(su)有(you)(you)玉(yu)皇像(xiang),后(hou)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)大成(cheng)殿,祀孔子;上(shang)層(ceng)正面(mian)為(wei)(wei)瑤池(chi)宮(gong),東西(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)教(jiao)宮(gong)。三(san)(san)殿底(di)層(ceng)東西(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)武(wu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)別(bie)是(shi)一番景色(se):文(wen)(wen)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)塑(su)文(wen)(wen)昌,身騎四(si)(si)不象怪(guai)獸;武(wu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)塑(su)關(guan)公,騎赤兔追風馬(ma)。文(wen)(wen)武(wu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下層(ceng)的(de)(de)龍王宮(gong),塑(su)四(si)(si)海(hai)龍王,神態各(ge)異,功力超群(qun),令人敬(jing)慕。
磚(zhuan)(zhuan)牌坊下(xia)(xia)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)獄(yu)宮(gong)(gong),繪(hui)滿了各種怪像(xiang)(xiang),或(huo)青面紅發,或(huo)鋸齒獠牙,或(huo)面目(mu)猙獰,或(huo)神態從(cong)容,整個(ge)(ge)繪(hui)畫想象豐富,結構嚴(yan)謹,色彩鮮艷,筆法細(xi)膩,顯示了民間藝人(ren)不(bu)同凡響的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)超技藝。十分可惜,高(gao)廟1700多個(ge)(ge)彩塑(su)(su)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)和大量彩畫在(zai)(zai)動蕩年(nian)(nian)代(dai),遭到(dao)了破壞,如今,雖補塑(su)(su)了不(bu)少彩像(xiang)(xiang),但遠不(bu)及(ji)矣!高(gao)廟的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)都位(wei)于(yu)一(yi)條(tiao)中(zhong)軸線上(shang)。層層相因,逐(zhu)步增高(gao);輔助(zhu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)位(wei)于(yu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側,均衡對(dui)稱。在(zai)(zai)僅2000余平方(fang)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)臺(tai)上(shang),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)了近百間九脊歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、四角攢尖、十字(zi)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、將(jiang)軍盔頂等各種類型、不(bu)同風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)殿宇(yu)。整個(ge)(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群重樓(lou)疊(die)閣(ge),亭廊相連,飛檐相啄,回(hui)環曲折,緊湊而富于(yu)變化,真是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)寧夏(xia)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)作。高(gao)廟在(zai)(zai)南北中(zhong)軸線上(shang),從(cong)南向(xiang)北的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)有保安寺的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門,山(shan)(shan)(shan)門之上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)魁星(xing)樓(lou),內塑(su)(su)魁星(xing)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)。進山(shan)(shan)(shan)門迎面是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)座雙層的(de)(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)牌坊,婷婷玉立,結構獨(du)特。由(you)于(yu)上(shang)塑(su)(su)天(tian)(tian)宮(gong)(gong)彌(mi)勒(le)佛,故稱彌(mi)勒(le)閣(ge)。由(you)此上(shang)踏15級(ji)(ji)臺(tai)階,至(zhi)大雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿,內塑(su)(su)釋迦牟尼坐像(xiang)(xiang)。大雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)側為(wei)地(di)藏宮(gong)(gong),西(xi)側為(wei)三霄宮(gong)(gong)。東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)殿里,塑(su)(su)十方(fang)佛及(ji)二十四諸天(tian)(tian)。穿(chuan)過34級(ji)(ji)臺(tai)階,直抵南天(tian)(tian)門。臺(tai)階的(de)(de)(de)(de)前一(yi)半,建(jian)成天(tian)(tian)橋狀,天(tian)(tian)橋兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側被環繞一(yi)周的(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)宇(yu)圍(wei)成兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)天(tian)(tian)井,東(dong)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱東(dong)天(tian)(tian)池,西(xi)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱西(xi)天(tian)(tian)池。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)天(tian)(tian)池由(you)天(tian)(tian)橋下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓形隧(sui)洞相互(hu)聯(lian)通,隧(sui)洞被稱為(wei)地(di)獄(yu)輪回(hui)洞。在(zai)(zai)清(qing)咸豐八年(nian)(nian)建(jian)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕(diao)牌坊上(shang),雕(diao)刻著這樣一(yi)副(fu)對(dui)聯(lian),上(shang)聯(lian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒釋道之度我度他皆從(cong)這里,下(xia)(xia)聯(lian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)地(di)人(ren)之自(zi)造(zao)自(zi)化盡在(zai)(zai)此間,橫批為(wei)無上(shang)法橋。由(you)此可見,保安寺是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)座儒、佛、道三教合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寺廟。宋朝以后(hou),尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)清(qing)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)代(dai),這種現象在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
高(gao)廟建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)點是:集中(zhong)、緊湊、回曲(qu)、高(gao)聳,在(zai)占地(di)僅4100多(duo)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)的(de)(de)面積上,建(jian)造了260多(duo)間建(jian)筑(zhu)物,最高(gao)建(jian)筑(zhu)高(gao)出中(zhong)衛(wei)街面近30米(mi)。站在(zai)中(zhong)衛(wei)街頭,遠遠望去,高(gao)廟氣勢磅礴,雄偉(wei)壯麗,重樓疊(die)閣,錯落有(you)致。深入其間,又見殿(dian)宇(yu)玲瓏,清幽(you)文雅,廊橋高(gao)懸(xuan),構思奇異(yi)。中(zhong)衛(wei)高(gao)廟集中(zhong)國(guo)南(nan)北(bei)古建(jian)筑(zhu)特(te)(te)(te)點于一體(ti)(ti),充分顯現了古代勞(lao)動人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)聰明智慧(hui)和精(jing)湛技藝。保(bao)安寺(si)以其獨(du)特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)群體(ti)(ti)古建(jian)筑(zhu)和包羅萬象的(de)(de)合體(ti)(ti)宗教信(xin)仰,吸引著八方(fang)來客,使(shi)廟內香火不斷,興盛不竭。高(gao)廟也因此(ci)而馳名(ming),被列為寧夏回族自治區重點文物保(bao)護單位(wei)。
寺內佛像
在(zai)造(zao)型(xing)和色彩上都充滿鮮明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)特色和民(min)族風格(ge)。最引人注目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)琳瑯滿目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩繪,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)釋迦牟尼佛(fo)(fo)會彩畫人物多、場(chang)面大,尤為生動(dong)傳神。保安寺(si)和高(gao)(gao)廟共兩部分(fen)。保安寺(si)在(zai)前(qian),山門(men)朝(chao)南,全寺(si)共分(fen)三(san)進,每進一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji),其(qi)(qi)地勢高(gao)(gao)出數丈(zhang),緩步前(qian)行,宛(wan)若(ruo)登(deng)梯。山門(men)前(qian)地坪(ping)寬(kuan)闊(kuo),有(you)(you)石獅(shi)雄(xiong)(xiong)踞門(men)前(qian),山門(men)牌樓(lou)(lou)花紋絢麗。往里是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個方(fang)(fang)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庭院,院內松(song)柏翠綠,盆景花香。院內有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)石坊,高(gao)(gao)約四(si)米,上有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座玲瓏小(xiao)殿(dian),紅柱(zhu)雕欄,古雅(ya)精(jing)致。出天(tian)王殿(dian),拾級(ji)而(er)上,臺階呈垂帶式,共十(shi)二(er)級(ji),其(qi)(qi)上建有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座仿木磚砌牌樓(lou)(lou),磨磚對縫,造(zao)型(xing)美(mei)觀。其(qi)(qi)間(jian)回(hui)廊相接,轉樓(lou)(lou)圍(wei)繞,兩側飛(fei)橋,似(si)雨(yu)后(hou)彩虹橫跨(kua)晴空。殿(dian)后(hou)為高(gao)(gao)廟,有(you)(you)二(er)十(shi)四(si)級(ji)磚砌臺階,循(xun)階而(er)上,至南天(tian)門(men)樓(lou)(lou),門(men)樓(lou)(lou)寬(kuan)兩間(jian),高(gao)(gao)兩層,門(men)頭(tou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層廊檐,覆蓋著藍白色青(qing)瓦,飛(fei)檐高(gao)(gao)挑。門(men)樓(lou)(lou)后(hou)建有(you)(you)二(er)層三(san)重(zhong)檐、四(si)面坡頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座,它們分(fen)別通過飛(fei)橋與南天(tian)門(men)相接。閣(ge)樓(lou)(lou)相對,犀脊層翹;畫棟朱楹,彩繪精(jing)美(mei),其(qi)(qi)間(jian)由(you)過橋直通鐘樓(lou)(lou)、鼓樓(lou)(lou)、乘涼亭。樓(lou)(lou)里塑有(you)(you)千手千眼觀音菩薩像,神態逼真,樓(lou)(lou)頂上有(you)(you)座潔(jie)白玲瓏古樸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)寶(bao)塔(ta),風鈴(ling)垂于塔(ta)檐四(si)角(jiao),風吹(chui)角(jiao)鈴(ling),鈴(ling)聲悅耳動(dong)聽。續行向前(qian),便(bian)是(shi)(shi)雄(xiong)(xiong)偉壯觀、重(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)迭閣(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)層寶(bao)殿(dian),高(gao)(gao)二(er)十(shi)幾米,是(shi)(shi)寺(si)內最高(gao)(gao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑。底層即大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian),殿(dian)旁有(you)(you)木梯伸向二(er)層中(zhong)樓(lou)(lou),名(ming)三(san)圣殿(dian),再登(deng)梯上三(san)樓(lou)(lou),是(shi)(shi)五方(fang)(fang)佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian),供(gong)阿閦佛(fo)(fo)、寶(bao)生佛(fo)(fo)、毗盧那佛(fo)(fo)、無量壽佛(fo)(fo)、不空成就佛(fo)(fo)像。
保(bao)安(an)寺雖在(zai)(zai)十年(nian)文革動亂(luan)中(zhong)遭(zao)毀(hui)壞,但自撥(bo)亂(luan)反正以來(lai),在(zai)(zai)人民政府資助(zhu)和四眾教友(you)支持下,修復了殿堂、佛像(xiang)和文物古跡。
該(gai)寺屢毀屢建(jian)。現僅存無梁(liang)殿(dian)(dian)和殿(dian)(dian)前一(yi)棵明(ming)代(dai)銀杏樹。無梁(liang)殿(dian)(dian)殿(dian)(dian)名穢(hui)跡,建(jian)于明(ming)嘉(jia)靖(jing)年(nian)間(jian)。通體磚石拱券結(jie)構(gou),不施寸木(mu),不設梁(liang)柱,俗稱(cheng)無梁(liang)(量)殿(dian)(dian)。這類建(jian)筑流行(xing)于明(ming)代(dai),現存實物很(hen)少。殿(dian)(dian)原為三(san)間(jian)兩進,現僅存明(ming)間(jian),面闊8.24米(mi),進深(shen)14.35米(mi),高約7米(mi)。東、西(xi)次間(jian)于1958年(nian)拆毀。1988年(nian)市文物管理部門對僅存的明(ming)間(jian)作了(le)修葺。無梁(liang)殿(dian)(dian)現存壁龕中,原有一(yi)座(zuo)木(mu)雕穢(hui)跡金剛像,俗稱(cheng)瀨(lai)疥菩(pu)薩現已不存。高廟保安寺,創建(jian)于明(ming)永樂年(nian)間(jian),和北京故宮同年(nian)開(kai)工,同年(nian)竣工,為一(yi)大謎底,建(jian)筑緊湊(cou),造型獨特,重樓疊閣,氣勢雄偉,似鳳凰(huang)展翅,凌空欲飛,五百羅漢(han)堂(tang),雕像神態各異,栩栩如生,在全(quan)國首(shou)屈一(yi)指;十八層地(di)獄(yu),陰森(sen)恐怖(bu),驚心(xin)動(dong)魄(po),是全(quan)國四大古(gu)地(di)獄(yu)之一(yi);不僅是中外罕見的古(gu)建(jian)筑群,也是世界文化遺產(chan)——佛教圣地(di)。
寺內壁畫
登(deng)上南天(tian)門,迎面是一(yi)座建在高臺基上的九楹(ying)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)閣。下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)五岳殿(dian),東(dong)陪三(san)(san)宮殿(dian),西陪祖(zu)師殿(dian),從兩側陪殿(dian)登(deng)木梯上至(zhi)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),是玉皇樓(lou),內(nei)(nei)塑(su)(su)玉皇大帝造(zao)(zao)像(xiang);登(deng)上三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),為(wei)三(san)(san)清宮,內(nei)(nei)塑(su)(su)道家祖(zu)圣老(lao)子造(zao)(zao)像(xiang),并(bing)繪有天(tian)宮朝無、玉闕仙(xian)宴(yan)、天(tian)女散花、嫦(chang)娥奔月等彩繪圖案。在三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主樓(lou)的正(zheng)面,還十(shi)(shi)分別致地建造(zao)(zao)了一(yi)座三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)樓(lou),小(xiao)巧玲瓏,婷(ting)婷(ting)秀麗;下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)繪二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八星宿,中(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塑(su)(su)觀(guan)世(shi)音菩薩和接(jie)引(yin)佛像(xiang),上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塑(su)(su)太(tai)白(bai)金星。中(zhong)樓(lou)的兩側是鐘鼓樓(lou)、四仙(xian)閣、觀(guan)景臺等,這些建筑用廊橋(qiao)相互連接(jie)溝通,使之左(zuo)右對稱,逐次升(sheng)高。形似鳳凰展翅(chi),瑰麗挺拔(ba)。檐角(jiao)高翹(qiao),給人(ren)以凌空欲飛之感;檐牙(ya)相啄,又(you)使人(ren)有爭(zheng)妍斗巧之覺(jue)。