安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分
安防監控系統設備包括哪些?
以下設(she)備(bei)是視頻監控(kong)系統中常(chang)用到的,但(dan)是不是都要出現在(zai)一個系統中,根(gen)據監控(kong)系統的規模可能(neng)只采用其中的部分監控(kong)設(she)備(bei)。
一、前端設備
攝像機(網絡(luo)型(xing)(xing)、半球型(xing)(xing)、針孔(kong)型(xing)(xing)、標準槍(qiang)式、一體化型(xing)(xing)、工(gong)業型(xing)(xing)等)
攝像機(ji)鏡頭(定焦(jiao)、手動(dong)(dong)變焦(jiao)、自動(dong)(dong)光(guang)圈(quan)、電動(dong)(dong)變焦(jiao)等)
攝像機(ji)防(fang)護罩(普(pu)通槍型(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)、半球(qiu)型(xing)、防(fang)水型(xing)、防(fang)爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等)
攝像機云臺(普通型(xing)(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)(xing)內置、重(zhong)載型(xing)(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)(xing)、萬向云臺等)
解碼器-------室外(wai)、室內、普通、防爆、內置等(deng)
紅外燈-------LED型、惰(duo)性氣體、激光等(deng)
等等……
二、傳輸設備
普通射頻電纜
控制電纜
電源電纜
光纖收發器
光端機
485信號轉(zhuan)換器
視頻信號放大器
防雷模塊
等等……
三、控制設備
矩陣(數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒(mei)體)
控制鍵盤
控制碼發生器
控制碼轉換器
畫面處理器
PC式錄像機
嵌入式錄像機
普通模(mo)擬(ni)長(chang)延時(shi)錄像機
數字矩陣(zhen)(軟件(jian)+解碼卡(ka))
時間字符發生器
視頻分配器
視頻放大器
云臺鏡頭控制器
信號轉換器(RS-232轉485)
等等……
四、顯示設備
CRT監(jian)視器
液晶監視器
電視墻
硬質背投
普通投影幕
VGA監視器
等等……
五、附屬設備、配件
UPS電源
交換機
控制臺
機柜
鍍鋅管
蛇皮管
PVC塑(su)料管
聚乙烯尼龍管
Q九頭(tou)、RJ45頭
開關電源
線卡
PVC線槽
橋架
安防監控系統組成部分
對于(yu)安防監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),根據系(xi)(xi)統(tong)各(ge)部分(fen)功能(neng)的不同(tong)(tong),我們將整個安防監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)劃(hua)分(fen)為七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)——表(biao)現層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、控(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、處(chu)理層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、執行(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、支撐層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、采集層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。當然,由于(yu)設備集成化越(yue)來越(yue)高,對于(yu)部分(fen)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言,某些設備可能(neng)會同(tong)(tong)時以(yi)多個層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的身份存(cun)在(zai)于(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中。
一、表現層
表現城是(shi)我們最(zui)直(zhi)觀感受到的,它展現了(le)整個安防(fang)監控系統(tong)的品質。如監控電(dian)視墻、監視器、高音(yin)報(bao)警(jing)喇叭、報(bao)警(jing)自動駁接電(dian)話(hua)等等都屬于這一層(ceng)。
二、控制層
控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是整個安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)心,它是系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)科技(ji)水平的(de)(de)(de)最明確(que)體(ti)現。通常(chang)我們的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式有(you)兩種——模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是早期的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式,其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通常(chang)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)或者模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成,適用于小型局部安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),這(zhe)種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式成本(ben)較低,故障率較小。但(dan)(dan)對于中大(da)型安防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)而(er)言,這(zhe)種方(fang)式就顯得(de)操(cao)作復雜(za)且(qie)無任何價格優(you)勢了,這(zhe)時我們更(geng)為(wei)(wei)明智的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇應該是數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是將(jiang)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機作為(wei)(wei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)(he)心,它將(jiang)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作變(bian)為(wei)(wei)簡單的(de)(de)(de)鼠標點擊操(cao)作,將(jiang)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)堆疊縮小為(wei)(wei)一個工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機,將(jiang)復雜(za)而(er)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)纜變(bian)為(wei)(wei)一根串(chuan)行電(dian)話線。它將(jiang)中遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)事實、為(wei)(wei)Internet遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提(ti)供方(fang)便。但(dan)(dan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是那么十全十美,控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)機的(de)(de)(de)價格比較昂貴(gui)、模(mo)塊浪費的(de)(de)(de)情況、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可能(neng)出現全線崩潰的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)機、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較為(wei)(wei)滯后等(deng)等(deng)問(wen)題仍然存在。
三、處理層
處(chu)理層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)或許(xu)該稱為(wei)音視頻(pin)處(chu)理層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),它將有傳(chuan)輸層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)送(song)過(guo)來的音視頻(pin)信號加以分配、放大、分割等等處(chu)理,有機的將表現層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與控制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)加以連接。音視頻(pin)分配器(qi)(qi)、音視頻(pin)放大器(qi)(qi)、視頻(pin)分割器(qi)(qi)、音視頻(pin)切換器(qi)(qi)等等設備都屬于這(zhe)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。
四、傳輸層
傳輸(shu)層相當于安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)血脈。在小型安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統中,我們(men)最常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)層設備是(shi)(shi)(shi)視頻線(xian)、音頻線(xian),對(dui)于中遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統而(er)言(yan),我們(men)常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)射(she)頻線(xian)、微波(bo),對(dui)于遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)而(er)言(yan),我們(men)通常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)Internet這(zhe)一(yi)廉價載體。值(zhi)得一(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi),新(xin)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)層介質——網(wang)線(xian)/光纖(xian)。大(da)多數(shu)(shu)(shu)人在數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)上存在一(yi)個誤區,他(ta)們(men)認為控(kong)制層使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統就是(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統了,其實不然。純數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)介質一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)網(wang)線(xian)或光纖(xian)。信號(hao)從采(cai)集(ji)層出(chu)來時,就已(yi)經調(diao)制成數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信號(hao)了,數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信號(hao)在目前(qian)已(yi)趨成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡上跑,理論上是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)衰(shuai)減(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)就保證遠(yuan)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)圖像的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)損失顯(xian)示,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)模擬(ni)傳輸(shu)無(wu)法比擬(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。當然,高性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)回報也需要(yao)高成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)純數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統無(wu)法普及(ji)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因之一(yi)。
五、執行層
執行層是我們控制指(zhi)令的命令對象(xiang),在某些時(shi)候(hou),它和我們后面所(suo)說的支撐誠、采集層不太好截然分開,我們認為(wei)(wei)受控對象(xiang)即為(wei)(wei)執行層設備。比如:云臺、鏡(jing)頭、解碼器(qi)、球等等。
六、支撐層
顧名思(si)義,支撐層是用于后(hou)端設備的(de)支撐,保(bao)護和支撐采集層、執行層設備。它包括(kuo)支架、防(fang)護罩等等輔助設備。
七、采集層
采集層是整個安(an)防監控系(xi)統品質好壞的關鍵因素,也是系(xi)統成本(ben)開銷最大的地方。它包括鏡(jing)頭、攝(she)像機、報警傳(chuan)感(gan)器等等。