安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設備(bei)是視頻監控(kong)系(xi)統中(zhong)常用(yong)到的(de)，但是不是都要出現在一(yi)個系(xi)統中(zhong)，根據(ju)監控(kong)系(xi)統的(de)規(gui)模可能只采用(yong)其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)部分監控(kong)設備(bei)。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網絡型(xing)、半球型(xing)、針孔型(xing)、標準槍式、一體化(hua)型(xing)、工業(ye)型(xing)等）

攝像機(ji)鏡頭（定焦(jiao)、手(shou)動(dong)變(bian)焦(jiao)、自動(dong)光圈(quan)、電動(dong)變(bian)焦(jiao)等(deng)）

攝(she)像機防(fang)護罩（普通(tong)槍型(xing)、球型(xing)、半球型(xing)、防(fang)水(shui)型(xing)、防(fang)爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等）

攝像機云臺(tai)（普(pu)通型(xing)、球型(xing)內(nei)置、重載型(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)、萬向云臺(tai)等）

解碼器-------室(shi)外、室(shi)內、普通、防爆、內置(zhi)等

紅外燈-------LED型(xing)、惰性氣體、激光等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信號轉換器

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式(shi)錄(lu)像(xiang)機

嵌入式錄像機

普通模擬長延時(shi)錄像機(ji)

數(shu)字矩陣（軟件＋解碼(ma)卡）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監(jian)視器(qi)

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監視(shi)器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料管

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對于安防(fang)監控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，根據系(xi)統(tong)(tong)各部分功(gong)能(neng)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，我們(men)將整(zheng)個(ge)安防(fang)監控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)劃(hua)分為(wei)七層(ceng)(ceng)——表現層(ceng)(ceng)、控制層(ceng)(ceng)、處(chu)理層(ceng)(ceng)、傳(chuan)輸層(ceng)(ceng)、執行層(ceng)(ceng)、支撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采集層(ceng)(ceng)。當然，由于設(she)備(bei)(bei)集成化越來(lai)越高，對于部分系(xi)統(tong)(tong)而言，某些(xie)設(she)備(bei)(bei)可(ke)能(neng)會同(tong)時以多個(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)身份存在(zai)于系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中。

一、表現層

表現城是(shi)我(wo)們最直觀(guan)感受到的，它展(zhan)現了(le)整個安防(fang)監控系統的品(pin)質。如監控電(dian)視(shi)墻(qiang)、監視(shi)器、高音(yin)報(bao)(bao)警喇(la)叭、報(bao)(bao)警自動駁接電(dian)話(hua)等等都屬(shu)于(yu)這(zhe)一(yi)層。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是整個安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)核心，它(ta)是系(xi)(xi)統(tong)科(ke)技水平的(de)(de)最明確體現。通常我(wo)們的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式有(you)兩種——模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是早期的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通常由(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或者(zhe)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成(cheng)，適用于小型局部安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這種控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式成(cheng)本較低，故障率較小。但對于中大(da)(da)型安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言(yan)，這種方(fang)(fang)式就(jiu)顯得操(cao)作復雜且無任何(he)價格優勢了(le)，這時(shi)我(wo)們更為明智的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇應該是數(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機(ji)(ji)作為監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心，它(ta)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)復雜的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作變為簡單(dan)的(de)(de)鼠標(biao)點擊操(cao)作，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)巨(ju)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆疊縮小為一個工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)復雜而數(shu)量(liang)龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電纜變為一根串(chuan)行(xing)電話線(xian)。它(ta)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為事實、為Internet遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提(ti)供方(fang)(fang)便。但數(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是那(nei)么十全(quan)十美，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)價格比較昂(ang)貴、模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)浪費的(de)(de)情況、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可能出現全(quan)線(xian)崩(beng)潰的(de)(de)危機(ji)(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較為滯后等(deng)等(deng)問題仍(reng)然存(cun)在。

三、處理層

處(chu)理(li)層或(huo)許該稱(cheng)為音(yin)(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)處(chu)理(li)層，它將有傳輸層送過來的音(yin)(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)信號加以分配(pei)、放(fang)大(da)、分割等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)處(chu)理(li)，有機的將表現(xian)層與控制層加以連接。音(yin)(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)分配(pei)器(qi)、音(yin)(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)、視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)分割器(qi)、音(yin)(yin)(yin)視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)切換器(qi)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)設備都屬于(yu)這一層。

四、傳輸層

傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)血脈。在(zai)小型安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，我(wo)們(men)最常見的(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)設備(bei)是(shi)視頻(pin)線(xian)(xian)、音頻(pin)線(xian)(xian)，對于(yu)中遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言(yan)，我(wo)們(men)常使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)射頻(pin)線(xian)(xian)、微波(bo)，對于(yu)遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)而言(yan)，我(wo)們(men)通常使(shi)用Internet這一(yi)廉價載體(ti)。值得(de)一(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，新(xin)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)介質(zhi)——網線(xian)(xian)/光纖(xian)。大多數(shu)(shu)人(ren)在(zai)數(shu)(shu)字安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)上存在(zai)一(yi)個誤區，他們(men)認為控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)數(shu)(shu)字安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)了，其實不然(ran)。純數(shu)(shu)字安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)傳輸(shu)介質(zhi)一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)網線(xian)(xian)或光纖(xian)。信(xin)號從(cong)采(cai)集層(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)來(lai)時，就(jiu)已經調制(zhi)成數(shu)(shu)字信(xin)號了，數(shu)(shu)字信(xin)號在(zai)目(mu)前已趨成熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)網絡上跑(pao)，理論上是(shi)無(wu)(wu)衰減的(de)(de)(de)，這就(jiu)保證遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)損失顯(xian)示，這是(shi)模擬(ni)傳輸(shu)無(wu)(wu)法比(bi)擬(ni)的(de)(de)(de)。當(dang)然(ran)，高性能的(de)(de)(de)回報(bao)也需要高成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)投入，這是(shi)純數(shu)(shu)字安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)無(wu)(wu)法普及最重要的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)之一(yi)。

五、執行層

執行層(ceng)是我(wo)們控制指(zhi)令的命(ming)令對象(xiang)(xiang)，在(zai)某些(xie)時候(hou)，它和我(wo)們后(hou)面(mian)所說的支撐誠(cheng)、采(cai)集(ji)層(ceng)不(bu)太好截然(ran)分開(kai)，我(wo)們認為受控對象(xiang)(xiang)即為執行層(ceng)設(she)備。比如：云臺、鏡(jing)頭、解碼器、球等等。

六、支撐層

顧(gu)名思義，支撐(cheng)層(ceng)(ceng)是用于后端設備(bei)(bei)的支撐(cheng)，保護和支撐(cheng)采集層(ceng)(ceng)、執行層(ceng)(ceng)設備(bei)(bei)。它包括支架、防護罩等等輔助(zhu)設備(bei)(bei)。

七、采集層

采集層是(shi)整個安防監控系統品質好壞的(de)關鍵因素，也是(shi)系統成本開銷最(zui)大的(de)地方。它(ta)包括鏡(jing)頭、攝像機、報(bao)警(jing)傳感(gan)器等(deng)等(deng)。