腦部囊(nang)腫(zhong)是怎么形成的 腦部囊(nang)腫(zhong)要注意什么

定義

腦囊腫(zhong)(zhong)是指腦組織(zhi)與其(qi)附(fu)屬物(wu)形成水囊性(xing)腫(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)，并產生不同(tong)程度的腦壓癥狀的病(bing)癥。

腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)良性(xing)(xing)(xing)水性(xing)(xing)(xing)贅物，因其體積龐大(da)(da)(da)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)(dui)腦(nao)壓(ya)迫(po)，形(xing)成腦(nao)的(de)(de)占(zhan)位(wei)(wei)病(bing)變之(zhi)一。在占(zhan)位(wei)(wei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)變形(xing)成期，腦(nao)組(zu)織受到(dao)(dao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體積脹(zhang)大(da)(da)(da)壓(ya)迫(po)，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系列性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)壓(ya)迫(po)性(xing)(xing)(xing)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)。其中發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)眼(yan)瞼下(xia)垂形(xing)成的(de)(de)眼(yan)裂(lie)變小、麻痹性(xing)(xing)(xing)內(nei)(nei)斜視、肢體功能(neng)障礙等頗為(wei)(wei)常見。腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般指蛛網膜(mo)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。屬(shu)(shu)良性(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)變，一般無癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)。“CT檢查(cha)為(wei)(wei)2X2cm腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，屬(shu)(shu)小囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一般藥物只(zhi)能(neng)對(dui)(dui)癥(zheng)(zheng)治療，不(bu)能(neng)消除(chu)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。建議先對(dui)(dui)癥(zheng)(zheng)治療觀察一階段，可(ke)(ke)定期復查(cha)對(dui)(dui)比。囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較大(da)(da)(da)或癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)較重時可(ke)(ke)手術切除(chu)。腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會影響孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)的(de)(de)智(zhi)力嗎(ma) 人腦(nao)內(nei)(nei)有腦(nao)室系統(tong)，腦(nao)室腔的(de)(de)一層內(nei)(nei)膜(mo)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)室管(guan)(guan)膜(mo)，在此膜(mo)下(xia)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就是室管(guan)(guan)膜(mo)下(xia)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)率在新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)中并不(bu)低。 經研究證(zheng)實(shi)，絕(jue)大(da)(da)(da)多數室管(guan)(guan)膜(mo)下(xia)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)患(huan)(huan)兒(er)可(ke)(ke)無任何癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)，其囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多為(wei)(wei)單個，在小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后3個月(yue)(yue)內(nei)(nei)一般可(ke)(ke)自行吸收。這些孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后6個月(yue)(yue)內(nei)(nei)，智(zhi)力發育、身長、體重和頭圍(wei)等指標稍落后于正(zheng)常兒(er)童，但在1歲左右(you)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)基本趕上。僅(jin)少數新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)因伴有不(bu)同程度的(de)(de)先天畸形(xing)，吸收時間可(ke)(ke)延遲(chi)到(dao)(dao)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后6－9個月(yue)(yue)，其智(zhi)能(neng)和體格(ge)發育呈明顯落后。 所(suo)以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)部分囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)患(huan)(huan)兒(er)的(de)(de)預后較好，但父(fu)母(mu)們也不(bu)可(ke)(ke)因此掉以(yi)輕心，而應(ying)該積極配合醫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，定期帶孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)去醫院做頭顱B超(chao)隨訪。

治療和預后

腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)一(yi)般指蛛(zhu)網(wang)膜囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)、皮樣囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)和上皮樣囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong).均屬良性病變，一(yi)般無癥(zheng)狀，也(ye)可有(you)頭疼(teng)等癥(zheng)狀.“CT檢查為2X2腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)”，屬小(xiao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)，一(yi)般藥物只能對癥(zheng)治(zhi)療，不能消(xiao)除囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong).建(jian)議先對癥(zheng)治(zhi)療觀察一(yi)階段，可定期復查對比.囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)較(jiao)大或(huo)癥(zheng)狀較(jiao)重時可手術(shu)切除.

如果腦內(nei)有囊腫導致頭痛劇烈是由于(yu)顱壓(ya)增高。建(jian)議先降壓(ya)利(li)尿(niao)常(chang)用藥物象硝普鈉，呋塞(sai)米。