【油(you)(you)鋸(ju)】油(you)(you)鋸(ju)的(de)分類(lei)有哪些 油(you)(you)鋸(ju)的(de)分類(lei)詳解(jie)
根據鋸(ju)把(ba)型(xing)(xing)式可分為(wei)高把(ba)油(you)鋸(ju)和矮把(ba)油(you)鋸(ju)兩類。高把(ba)油(you)鋸(ju)在雙臂上的(de)(de)(de)重量分配均(jun)勻,攜帶方便,作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)不需大彎腰,機(ji)具維修簡(jian)易;矮把(ba)油(you)鋸(ju)結構緊(jin)湊,重量輕,作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)振(zhen)動較小,適宜于山地林(lin)區進行伐木、打(da)枝、造材等綜合(he)作(zuo)業(ye)。按發動機(ji)功率(lv)可分為(wei)大型(xing)(xing)、中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)、小型(xing)(xing)和微型(xing)(xing):4.4千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)以上的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)大型(xing)(xing);3~4千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)中(zhong)型(xing)(xing);1~2千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)小型(xing)(xing);1.5千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)以下的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)微型(xing)(xing)。
基本構造一般(ban)由發動(dong)機(ji)、傳(chuan)動(dong)機(ji)構、鋸木機(ji)構等組成(cheng)。作業(ye)時,動(dong)力通過(guo)傳(chuan)動(dong)機(ji)構驅動(dong)鋸鏈,使鋸鏈沿導(dao)板作連(lian)續運動(dong)來鋸切木材。
①發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)。一般為單缸風冷二沖程高速汽油機(ji)。為適應(ying)油鋸(ju)在不同(tong)鋸(ju)切方向(xiang)(xiang)不同(tong)位置作業,采用帶有(you)輸油泵的泵膜式化油器(qi),利(li)用曲軸箱(xiang)內(nei)的壓力(li)脈動(dong)(dong)驅動(dong)(dong)膜片(pian)泵油,使發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)在任何位置上都(dou)能正常供油。此外,還日益廣泛(fan)地(di)采用晶體管無觸點(dian)磁電機(ji)點(dian)火系統(tong)和單向(xiang)(xiang)閥進氣系統(tong)等新型(xing)結構,從而提高了(le)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的使用性能。
②傳動機構。包括離心式摩擦離合器(qi)(qi)和減速器(qi)(qi)。減速器(qi)(qi)一般(ban)采用圓錐齒輪(lun)減速器(qi)(qi)(只(zhi)用于高把油鋸(ju)),便(bian)于使(shi)鋸(ju)木(mu)機構相對(dui)于機體作水平(ping)和垂直調節(jie),以適應伐木(mu)和造材時(shi)不同(tong)鋸(ju)切方向的需(xu)要(yao)。
③鋸(ju)木機構。是油鋸(ju)的工作部(bu)件,包(bao)括驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈(lian)輪、鋸(ju)鏈(lian)、導(dao)板(ban)、鋸(ju)鏈(lian)張緊裝置和插木齒等。驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈(lian)輪在發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機動(dong)(dong)(dong)力帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)下旋轉,再驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鋸(ju)鏈(lian)沿導(dao)板(ban)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)進(jin)行切(qie)削作業。
鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)有直(zhi)齒(chi)型(xing)和角鋼(gang)型(xing)(萬能型(xing))兩種,直(zhi)齒(chi)型(xing)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于橫截(jie)木(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai);角鋼(gang)型(xing)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)可對木(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)進(jin)行橫截(jie)或斜向鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)切,制造簡(jian)便(bian),銼(cuo)磨也(ye)較直(zhi)齒(chi)型(xing)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)簡(jian)易,是應用(yong)(yong)(yong)較廣(guang)的(de)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)型(xing)式。插木(mu)(mu)齒(chi)是油(you)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)在鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)木(mu)(mu)時(shi)的(de)支(zhi)撐點,它將油(you)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)部分重(zhong)量(liang)和鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)切削木(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)時(shi)的(de)反作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)力(li),作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)到木(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)本(ben)身,從而(er)減輕(qing)操作(zuo)(zuo)者的(de)勞動強度。為便(bian)于操作(zuo)(zuo),油(you)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)還(huan)設有包括鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)把在內(nei)的(de)操縱裝置。
發展趨向采用(yong)新(xin)(xin)材料、新(xin)(xin)工(gong)藝、新(xin)(xin)結(jie)構,以(yi)進一(yi)步減(jian)輕油(you)(you)鋸(ju)重量;減(jian)小噪音(yin)與振動(dong),減(jian)低空氣污(wu)染,以(yi)改善操作條(tiao)件;增設安全保護裝(zhuang)置,以(yi)提高使用(yong)可靠性(xing)和安全性(xing);同(tong)時(shi)將繼續完(wan)善以(yi)轉(zhuan)子發動(dong)機為動(dong)力(li)的新(xin)(xin)型油(you)(you)鋸(ju)及遙(yao)控油(you)(you)鋸(ju)。