【LED臺燈(deng)電(dian)路圖】led充電(dian)臺燈(deng)電(dian)路圖 LED臺燈(deng)工(gong)作原理

一、簡易LED臺燈電路

先找一臺廢棄的熒光管臺燈，除去(qu)燈管(guan)及燈座中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban);準備兩塊敷銅板(ban)，一(yi)塊裝(zhuang)串接(jie)的(de)(de)88只發光管(guan)，一(yi)塊裝(zhuang)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)元件(jian)，尺寸依實際(ji)情況(kuang)而(er)定;采用(yong)全(quan)波倍壓(ya)(ya)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較低的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換成單(dan)向脈(mo)(mo)動性直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)程，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)主要由整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二(er)極管(guan)組成。經過(guo)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)之(zhi)后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已經不(bu)是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而(er)是(shi)一(yi)種含有(you)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，習慣上(shang)稱單(dan)向脈(mo)(mo)動性直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。)為(wei)發光管(guan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(如附圖)。兩只0.68uF電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容既是(shi)全(quan)波倍壓(ya)(ya)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)元件(jian)，又有(you)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)作用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容選(xuan)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)400V以上(shang)的(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻用(yong)0.25W的(de)(de)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡單(dan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)用(yong)刀刻而(er)成，管(guan)腳位置鉆(zhan)Φlmm焊接(jie)孔(kong)。

元件焊好后(hou)，先用15kΩ/5W電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作假負載，測試整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)上應(ying)有280V左右的直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，此(ci)時除電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)外(wai)，其(qi)他元件不(bu)應(ying)發(fa)熱。一切正常(chang)(chang)后(hou)接人(ren)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)板(ban)(ban)，通電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，88只發(fa)光(guang)(guang)管(guan)應(ying)正常(chang)(chang)發(fa)光(guang)(guang)。最(zui)后(hou)，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源板(ban)(ban)和(he)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)板(ban)(ban)分別固定在底座和(he)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)罩上。該臺燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)亮(liang)度不(bu)及原燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，且(qie)照亮(liang)面積(ji)偏小，但(dan)看書寫字尚可，點亮(liang)一段時間后(hou)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)板(ban)(ban)溫度升高，但(dan)比熒光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)管(guan)溫度低得多。測量負載回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流約18mA，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)板(ban)(ban)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓約280V，計(ji)算其(qi)功耗約5W。

制作時要注意(yi)，焊接不(bu)(bu)得有(you)虛(xu)焊，LED要逐只測試且極性不(bu)(bu)得焊錯;電(dian)(dian)源進線要加裝電(dian)(dian)流小于200mA的保(bao)險(xian)管;斷電(dian)(dian)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)元件有(you)高壓要注意(yi)安全;電(dian)(dian)路不(bu)(bu)可斷開(kai)負(fu)載，否則600V左右的電(dian)(dian)壓可能損壞元件。

二、LED臺燈工作原理

遵(zun)循安全第一的(de)民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)設計(ji)(ji)理念，LED 光(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)是一種低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)發(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)器(qi)件，不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)100-220V 的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)直接點(dian)亮，因(yin)此，LED 臺燈方(fang)案設計(ji)(ji)思路，首(shou)先要將高壓(ya)(ya)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)換成(cheng)低壓(ya)(ya)的(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)，才能(neng)點(dian)亮LED 光(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)。使用(yong)最經濟有效的(de)方(fang)法(fa)降壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)進(jin)行交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)換是設計(ji)(ji)的(de)首(shou)要考慮，今便攜式(shi)電(dian)(dian)產品使用(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)換器(qi)--適配(pei)(pei)器(qi)（Adapter）就成(cheng)了既經濟實惠、又現(xian)成(cheng)、好用(yong)的(de)首(shou)選。適配(pei)(pei)器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)要求穩定在(zai)DC12V，輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)要根據LED 的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)功率來選擇，一般要給予30%的(de)余量，以3X1W 的(de)白(bai)(bai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)LED 光(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)例(li)，1W 的(de)白(bai)(bai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)LED 的(de)標準工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)應為(wei)350mA，因(yin)而3 個LED 光(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)(yuan)串聯其(qi)電(dian)(dian)路需要的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)也是350mA，考慮到延長LED 壽命和(he)(he)降低光(guang)(guang)(guang)衰，可以設計(ji)(ji)為(wei)300mA--330mA，不(bu)會明顯的(de)影響LED 發(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)亮度，所以適配(pei)(pei)器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)應選750mA--1A 的(de)。

LED 臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)一種簡(jian)潔實(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)方案(an)如圖1 所示(shi)。AC220V 經(jing)由適配器在(zai)(zai)(zai)燈(deng)(deng)具外的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)降壓(ya)變(bian)換(huan)，向LED 臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)提供(gong)穩定的(de)(de)(de)12V 直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)底座(zuo)殼內安置恒流(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)板(ban)，將(jiang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變(bian)換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)穩定的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)恒流(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足LED 光源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)光的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術要求(qiu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)恒流(liu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前可加一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)關，以(yi)(yi)便在(zai)(zai)(zai)臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)不用(yong)時可關斷直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，但不能(neng)關斷220V 交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，因此真的(de)(de)(de)不用(yong)時應從墻上取下適配器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)插頭(tou)，這也是這個(ge)(ge)實(shi)用(yong)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)唯一“缺點(dian)(dian)”。如不想采用(yong)機(ji)械開(kai)關，和(he)想要一個(ge)(ge)更有創意的(de)(de)(de)賣點(dian)(dian)，可選用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)觸摸開(kai)關，如手指輕(qing)點(dian)(dian)可實(shi)現臺(tai)燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)->全(quan)亮、半暗(an)、關；由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速進步(bu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)觸摸開(kai)關如今已(yi)是一個(ge)(ge)低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)器件。