光(guang)纖光(guang)纜是如何(he)熔接(jie)的 光(guang)纖光(guang)纜的接(jie)法介(jie)紹

一、步驟/方法

1、開剝光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)，并將(jiang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)固定(ding)(ding)到(dao)接續盒內。注(zhu)意(yi)不要傷到(dao)束(shu)管,開剝長度(du)取1m左右，用衛(wei)生紙將(jiang)油(you)膏擦拭干凈,將(jiang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)穿(chuan)入(ru)接續盒,固定(ding)(ding)鋼絲(si)時一定(ding)(ding)要壓緊,不能(neng)有(you)松動。否則(ze),有(you)可能(neng)造成光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)打滾折斷(duan)纖芯(xin)。

2、分(fen)纖(xian)將光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)穿過(guo)熱(re)縮管。將不同(tong)束管，不同(tong)顏色(se)的光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)分(fen)開(kai)，穿過(guo)熱(re)縮管。剝去(qu)涂(tu)覆層的光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)很脆(cui)弱，使用(yong)熱(re)縮管，可以保護光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)熔接頭(tou)。

3、打(da)開(kai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)機電(dian)源，采(cai)用預置的(de)程式進(jin)行(xing)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)，并在使(shi)(shi)用中和(he)使(shi)(shi)用后(hou)及時去(qu)除熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)機中的(de)灰塵(chen)，特別(bie)是(shi)夾具，各鏡面(mian)和(he)V型槽內的(de)粉塵(chen)和(he)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)碎未(wei)。CATV使(shi)(shi)用的(de)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)有常規型單模光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和(he)色散位移單模光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，工(gong)作(zuo)波長也有1310nm和(he)1550nm兩種。所以(yi)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)前要(yao)根據系統使(shi)(shi)用的(de)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)波長來選(xuan)擇合適(shi)的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)程序。如沒有特殊情況，一般都選(xuan)用自動(dong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)程序。

4、制作(zuo)光(guang)纖端面。光(guang)纖端面制作(zuo)的(de)好(hao)壞(huai)將(jiang)直接(jie)影響接(jie)續質量，所以在熔接(jie)前一定要(yao)做好(hao)合格的(de)端面。用專用的(de)剝線(xian)鉗(qian)剝去涂覆層，再用沾酒(jiu)精的(de)清(qing)潔棉(mian)在裸纖上擦拭幾次，用力要(yao)適度(du)，然(ran)后用精密(mi)光(guang)纖切(qie)割刀切(qie)割光(guang)纖，對0.25mm（外涂層）光(guang)纖，切(qie)割長(chang)度(du)為(wei)8mm-16mm，對0.9mm（外涂層）光(guang)纖，切(qie)割長(chang)度(du)只(zhi)能是16mm。

5、放置(zhi)(zhi)光纖(xian)。將光纖(xian)放在熔接(jie)機的V形槽中(zhong)(zhong)，小心壓(ya)上光纖(xian)壓(ya)板和光纖(xian)夾(jia)具，要(yao)根(gen)據光纖(xian)切割長度設置(zhi)(zhi)光纖(xian)在壓(ya)板中(zhong)(zhong)的位置(zhi)(zhi)，關上防風罩，即可自(zi)動完成熔接(jie)，只(zhi)需11秒。

6、移出光纖(xian)(xian)用加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)管。打開防風罩(zhao)，把光纖(xian)(xian)從熔接機上(shang)取(qu)出，再將(jiang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)管放在裸纖(xian)(xian)中心，放到加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)爐中加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器可使用20mm微(wei)型(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)套(tao)管和40mm及(ji)60mm一般熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)套(tao)管，20mm熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)管需40秒，60mm熱(re)(re)(re)(re)縮(suo)(suo)管為85秒。

7、盤(pan)(pan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)固定(ding)。將接續(xu)好(hao)的光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)盤(pan)(pan)到光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)收(shou)容(rong)盤(pan)(pan)上，在(zai)(zai)盤(pan)(pan)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)時，盤(pan)(pan)圈的半徑越大，弧度越大，整(zheng)個線(xian)路的損(sun)耗越小。所以(yi)一定(ding)要(yao)保(bao)持一定(ding)的半徑，使(shi)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)在(zai)(zai)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)芯里傳(chuan)輸時，避(bi)免產(chan)生(sheng)一些不必(bi)要(yao)的損(sun)耗。 8密封(feng)(feng)和掛起。野外(wai)接續(xu)盒(he)一定(ding)要(yao)密封(feng)(feng)好(hao)，防止進(jin)水(shui)(shui)。熔接盒(he)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)后，由于光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)及光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)熔接點長(chang)期浸泡在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)中，可能會(hui)先(xian)出現部分光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)衰減增加。套上不銹鋼掛鉤并掛在(zai)(zai)吊線(xian)上。至此，光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)熔接完成。

二、注意事項

1、光纖是精密脆弱的(de)器(qi)件，在(zai)操作過(guo)程中要處處小心。

2、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)架設，熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)完工(gong)后(hou)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)工(gong)作，使用的(de)(de)儀(yi)器主要是(shi)(shi)OTDR測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀(yi)，可(ke)以測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)位置；光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)鏈路(lu)的(de)(de)全(quan)程損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)；了解沿光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)長度(du)(du)的(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)分布；光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)續點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)。為了測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)準(zhun)確，OTDR測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀(yi)的(de)(de)脈(mo)沖大(da)(da)小和寬度(du)(du)要適當選擇，按照廠方(fang)(fang)給出的(de)(de)折射率(lv)n值的(de)(de)指(zhi)標設定。在(zai)(zai)判斷(duan)(duan)故障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)時(shi)，如(ru)果光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)長度(du)(du)預先不(bu)知道，可(ke)先放(fang)在(zai)(zai)自動OTDR，找出故障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)體地點(dian)(dian)，然(ran)后(hou)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)級OTDR。將脈(mo)沖大(da)(da)小和寬度(du)(du)選擇小一點(dian)(dian)，但(dan)要與(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)長度(du)(du)相對應，盲區減(jian)小直至與(yu)坐標線重合，脈(mo)寬越小越精確，當然(ran)脈(mo)沖太小后(hou)曲線顯示出現噪波，要恰到好處。再就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)加接(jie)(jie)探纖(xian)(xian)盤，目的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)為了防止近處有盲區不(bu)易發覺。關于判斷(duan)(duan)斷(duan)(duan)點(dian)(dian)時(shi)，如(ru)果斷(duan)(duan)點(dian)(dian)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)續盒處，將就(jiu)近處接(jie)(jie)續盒打開(kai)，接(jie)(jie)上OTDR測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀(yi)，測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)故障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)距離測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)準(zhun)確距離，利(li)用光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)上的(de)(de)米標就(jiu)很容易找出故障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)。利(li)用米標查找故障(zhang)時(shi),對層(ceng)絞式光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)還有一個絞合率(lv)問題,那(nei)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)長度(du)(du)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)長度(du)(du)并不(bu)相等,光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)長度(du)(du)大(da)(da)約是(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)長度(du)(du)的(de)(de)1.005倍(bei),利(li)用上述方(fang)(fang)法可(ke)成功排除多處斷(duan)(duan)點(dian)(dian)和高(gao)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)點(dian)(dian)。