臺式(shi)機電源適配器的詳細參數 電腦外置(zhi)電源的工作好伴侶

電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)適配(pei)器（Power adapter）是小型(xing)(xing)便(bian)攜式電(dian)子(zi)設(she)備及電(dian)子(zi)電(dian)器的供電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)換設(she)備，一般(ban)由外(wai)殼、電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)壓器和(he)(he)整流電(dian)路組成，按(an)其輸(shu)出(chu)類型(xing)(xing)可分為交(jiao)流輸(shu)出(chu)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)直流輸(shu)出(chu)型(xing)(xing)；按(an)連接方式可分為插墻(qiang)式和(he)(he)桌面式。廣(guang)泛配(pei)套于電(dian)話子(zi)母機、游戲機、語言復讀機、隨(sui)身聽、筆(bi)記本(ben)電(dian)腦、蜂窩電(dian)話等設(she)備中。

一、概述

電(dian)源(yuan)適配器標(biao)簽(2張)如(ru)(ru)圖所示，在(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)適配器（下面(mian)稱adapter）的(de)(de)標(biao)簽上面(mian)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)會有幾項是(shi)(shi)需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)。第一(yi)，是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)型號(hao)，例(li)如(ru)(ru)這(zhe)(zhe)顆(ke)adapter的(de)(de)型號(hao)是(shi)(shi)XVE-120100，它告訴了我們幾個(ge)信息，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)廠商、主要參數(shu)等，XVE開頭(tou)的(de)(de)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)##公(gong)司(si)代號(hao)，120100就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)明(ming)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)adapter是(shi)(shi)12W的(de)(de)，050200的(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)10W的(de)(de)；第二就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)INPUT（輸入(ru)），在(zai)中國(guo)通用的(de)(de)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)100-240V~50-60Hz，這(zhe)(zhe)說(shuo)明(ming)這(zhe)(zhe)顆(ke)adapter可以在(zai)100V-240V的(de)(de)電(dian)壓下面(mian)正常(chang)工作；第三就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)OUTPUT(輸出)，兩個(ge)數(shu)字可以很(hen)快(kuai)速的(de)(de)算出這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)adapter的(de)(de)瓦數(shu)，例(li)如(ru)(ru)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)adapter，電(dian)壓12V*電(dian)流1A=12W（功(gong)率），說(shuo)明(ming)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)12W的(de)(de)adapter。

多數筆記本(ben)(ben)電腦的電源適配器可以適合用(yong)于100～240V交流電(50/60Hz)。基本(ben)(ben)上(shang)大部(bu)份的筆記本(ben)(ben)電腦都把(ba)電源外置(zhi)，用(yong)一條電源線和主(zhu)機連接，這樣可以縮小(xiao)主(zhu)機的體(ti)積和重量，只有極少數的機型把(ba)電源內(nei)置(zhi)在主(zhu)機內(nei)。

在電(dian)(dian)源適配器上都有(you)一個銘牌，上面(mian)標(biao)示著功率，輸入(ru)(ru)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)流量(liang)等(deng)指標(biao)，特(te)別(bie)要注意輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)范圍，這就(jiu)是(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)“旅行電(dian)(dian)源適配器”，如果到市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓只有(you)110V的(de)國(guo)家時，這個特(te)性就(jiu)很有(you)用了，有(you)些水貨(huo)筆記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)腦是(shi)只在原產地銷售的(de)，沒(mei)有(you)這種兼容電(dian)(dian)壓設(she)計，甚至只有(you)110V的(de)單一輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓，在我國(guo)的(de)220V市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓下插上就(jiu)會燒毀。

二、注意事項

1、電(dian)源(yuan)適配器（以下簡(jian)稱電(dian)源(yuan)）的標稱電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和電(dian)流(liu)是什么意思？首先，一(yi)般電(dian)源(yuan)標稱的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，是指開路輸出(chu)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是外面不接任何負載，沒有(you)電(dian)流(liu)輸出(chu)時候的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，所以也可以理解為，此電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)是電(dian)源(yuan)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的上限。

對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)內部使用了主動穩壓的(de)(de)(de)元件的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，即使市(shi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓有所波(bo)動，其(qi)輸出(chu)也是恒定(ding)值，象市(shi)面上一般的(de)(de)(de)小變壓器，比如(ru)隨(sui)身聽之(zhi)類配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，如(ru)果市(shi)電(dian)(dian)波(bo)動，該電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)也不會隨(sui)之(zhi)波(bo)動的(de)(de)(de)。

一(yi)(yi)(yi)般來講(jiang)普通電(dian)源適(shi)配器的(de)真正空(kong)載電(dian)壓(ya)也不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定和標稱電(dian)壓(ya)完(wan)全(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，因為電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件的(de)特性不(bu)可能完(wan)全(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，所以有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)誤差(cha)，誤差(cha)越小，對電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)性要求(qiu)越高(gao)，生產的(de)成本就高(gao)了(le)，所以價格(ge)也就貴(gui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些了(le)。

另(ling)外(wai)，關(guan)于標稱的(de)電(dian)流(liu)值，無論(lun)任何電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)都有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)內阻，因此當(dang)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸出電(dian)流(liu)的(de)時候，會(hui)在(zai)內部(bu)產(chan)生壓降，導(dao)致兩件事情，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是(shi)產(chan)生熱(re)(re)量，所以電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)熱(re)(re)，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是(shi)導(dao)致輸出電(dian)壓降低，相當(dang)于內部(bu)消耗。

2、都是同(tong)樣標(biao)稱電壓的電源，輸(shu)出電流不同(tong)，能(neng)不能(neng)用在同(tong)一臺本本上(shang)？

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一樣，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不同(tong)，能不能用在(zai)同(tong)一臺本本上(shang)(shang)。基本的(de)(de)原則是大(da)標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源可以代替小標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。估計有人會這樣想，覺(jue)得大(da)標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源會燒(shao)壞(huai)本本，因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)了(le)嘛。實際上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)多大(da)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相同(tong)的(de)(de)情況下取決(jue)于負載，呵呵，，想想初中的(de)(de)物理(li)就知道(dao)了(le)。

當本(ben)本(ben)高負(fu)荷(he)運(yun)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大些，本(ben)本(ben)進入待機的(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就小些，大標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)余量。反之(zhi)，有人用(yong)(yong)56w的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源代替72w的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)起來也沒什么問題，原因是通常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器的(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)留有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)余量，負(fu)載功率都(dou)要小于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源功率，所以(yi)這種(zhong)代替在一(yi)般使用(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)是可(ke)行(xing)的(de)(de)，但(dan)是剩余的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源功率余量就很(hen)(hen)少了(le)(le)(le)，一(yi)旦你(ni)的(de)(de)本(ben)本(ben)接了(le)(le)(le)很(hen)(hen)多外(wai)設，比(bi)如兩塊usb硬盤，然后cpu全(quan)速運(yun)轉(zhuan)，再有一(yi)個(ge)底座(zuo)，上(shang)(shang)面來個(ge)光驅全(quan)速讀(du)盤，再加上(shang)(shang)同時給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，估計(ji)(ji)就危險了(le)(le)(le)，要隨時用(yong)(yong)手摸(mo)摸(mo)你(ni)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源是不(bu)(bu)是已經可(ke)以(yi)煮(zhu)雞蛋了(le)(le)(le)。所以(yi)最好不(bu)(bu)要用(yong)(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源代替大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

3、一(yi)模(mo)一(yi)樣的機器，別人(ren)的電源溫溫的，我(wo)的總是很(hen)燙，為什么？

先不要(yao)懷疑你的(de)(de)電(dian)源有問題(ti)，先看看你的(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)(ben)在(zai)(zai)干什么(me)，是(shi)不是(shi)像(xiang)上面說的(de)(de)兩塊USB硬盤，CPU全(quan)(quan)速(su)(su)運轉，硬盤瘋狂(kuang)讀寫，光驅全(quan)(quan)速(su)(su)讀盤，同時給電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)，大(da)聲放著音樂(le)，屏幕亮度最大(da)，無線網卡一直在(zai)(zai)偵(zhen)測信號等等，善用電(dian)源管理，根(gen)據任(ren)務(wu)合(he)理調整本(ben)(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀態(tai)是(shi)很重要(yao)的(de)(de)。

4、電源標稱(cheng)電壓比我的本本電池電壓高很多，不會(hui)出事吧(ba)？

首先，要知道的(de)是(shi)，電源給本本供(gong)電與(yu)電池給本本供(gong)電是(shi)不(bu)同的(de)。

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)供電(dian)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)輸出(chu)是(shi)純直流，干凈得很(hen)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓既不(bu)可能也不(bu)需要(yao)設計(ji)得很(hen)高，鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)化學(xue)特性決定了(le)一節電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓只能在3.6V左右，所以(yi)很(hen)多電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)都(dou)是(shi)采用三級串聯(lian)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)，10.8V也就成了(le)很(hen)流行的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓。有(you)些(xie)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)標稱(cheng)值比(bi)(bi)3.6V的(de)整(zheng)數倍稍大一些(xie)，比(bi)(bi)如3.7V或者11.2V等等，其實是(shi)為了(le)保護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，情況就復雜一些(xie)，首先需(xu)要對加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進(jin)行進(jin)一步的(de)(de)穩壓濾波(bo)，以保(bao)證(zheng)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源性能不(bu)很(hen)(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)情況下穩定工作(zuo)，穩壓后(hou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分成兩(liang)個部分，一路給(gei)(gei)本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)工作(zuo)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，另(ling)一路給(gei)(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，給(gei)(gei)本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)那部分同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時候(hou)相同，而(er)給(gei)(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)那部分需(xu)要通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路才可(ke)以加在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯上，控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可(ke)以很(hen)(hen)復雜，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須大(da)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓才有充分的(de)(de)能力供應給(gei)(gei)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)各(ge)單元。最后(hou)真正(zheng)加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓決不(bu)會是你(ni)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源標稱的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。放心(xin)好(hao)了(le)。

用途

開關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)產(chan)品(pin)廣(guang)泛應用于(yu)工業自動(dong)化(hua)控制(zhi)、軍工設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、科研設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、LED照明、工控設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、通訊設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、電(dian)力設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、儀(yi)器儀(yi)表、醫(yi)療(liao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、半導體制(zhi)冷制(zhi)熱(re)、空氣凈化(hua)器，電(dian)子冰(bing)箱(xiang)，液晶顯示器，LED燈具(ju)，通訊設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，視聽產(chan)品(pin)，安防，電(dian)腦機(ji)箱(xiang)，數碼產(chan)品(pin)和(he)儀(yi)器類等領(ling)域。

電路圖

給出了電源適配(pei)(pei)器的(de)典型電路(lu)圖，需(xu)要維(wei)修(xiu)電源適配(pei)(pei)器的(de)維(wei)修(xiu)人員可參考該電路(lu)圖。

典型電源適配器電路圖(tu)。

平面圖

此圖是標(biao)準的電源適配器平面圖，含配線圖，出處(chu)。