1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充(chong)值，就(jiu)可(ke)以使用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)樁為(wei)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)了。

電動汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)按與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相反(fan)的方(fang)向通過(guo)(guo)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，使它恢復工作能力(li)，這(zhe)個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)稱為蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源正極(ji)(ji)相聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負極(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源負極(ji)(ji)相聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的總電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式有恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種。

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恒流充電法

恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)是(shi)用調(diao)整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓或改變(bian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)池串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)方法(fa)，保持(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)強度不(bu)變(bian)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。控制(zhi)方法(fa)簡單(dan)，但由于電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)可接受電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)能力是(shi)隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)進行而(er)逐(zhu)漸下降的(de)(de)，到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)多用于電(dian)(dian)解水(shui)，產生氣(qi)體，使出氣(qi)過甚，因(yin)此，常選用階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在(zai)全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)里保持恒(heng)定的(de)數(shu)值，隨著蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)逐漸升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸減少。與恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)相比，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程更接近于(yu)最佳充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢較低，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)大，隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將逐漸減少，因此，只需簡(jian)易(yi)控制系(xi)統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸出(chu)為可(ke)調直流電(dian)，直接為電(dian)動汽(qi)車的動力(li)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)。由于直流充(chong)電(dian)樁采用(yong)三相(xiang)四(si)線制供(gong)電(dian)，可(ke)以提供(gong)足夠的功率，輸出(chu)的電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)流調整范圍大，可(ke)以實現快充(chong)的要求。

交流充電樁：交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁，俗稱就是(shi)“慢充(chong)”，固定(ding)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)外、與交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)網連(lian)接，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)車(che)載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)（即(ji)固定(ding)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)上的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)）提供交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的供電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。交流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁只(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)力(li)輸出，沒有充(chong)電(dian)(dian)功能，需連(lian)接車(che)載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。相(xiang)當(dang)于只(zhi)是(shi)起(qi)了一個控制電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的作用的。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小(xiao)時(shi)，而(er)通過直流快速充電樁僅需要(yao)2到(dao)3個小時。交流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機提(ti)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸入，由于車(che)載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)功率并不大，所以不能實現快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁是固(gu)定安裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)外、與(yu)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連(lian)接，可(ke)以為非車(che)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)(de)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供(gong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁可(ke)以提(ti)供(gong)足夠的(de)(de)功率，輸出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調整(zheng)范圍(wei)大，可(ke)以實現快充(chong)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。