1、鋰電池充電器設計方案

11.1V鋰電池常用于涵道機、固定翼、直升機等航模中，具有放電穩定，工作溫度寬；允許較大的充電電流、充電速度快，僅需1~2個小時就可以(yi)充滿；無記憶效應；自放電率(lv)低，儲存(cun)(cun)壽命長；能量高、儲存(cun)(cun)能量密度(du)大；輸出(chu)電壓(ya)高（單節鋰電池(chi)的額定電壓(ya)一般為3.6V，而單節(jie)鎳氫和鎳鎘電池(chi)的電壓只(zhi)有(you)1.2V）等優點。在對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)要(yao)防止過(guo)(guo)度(du)(du)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于規定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)于規定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，就會(hui)損壞鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或者使之報(bao)廢。在過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況下，能量過(guo)(guo)剩鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液將分(fen)解(jie)產生氣(qi)體，使之內壓(ya)上(shang)升(sheng)而導(dao)致(zhi)自燃或破裂的危(wei)險。通(tong)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在使用時(shi)也要(yao)防止過(guo)(guo)度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，過(guo)(guo)度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)特性及耐久性變差(cha)，可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數降低(di)。

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2、充電電路結構設計分析

鋰電池在充電過程中需要控制它的充電電壓和充電電流并精確測量電池電壓，根據鋰電池電壓將充電過程分為四個階段。階段一為預充電，先用0.1C的小電(dian)流對鋰電(dian)池(chi)進行預充電(dian)，當電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓≥2.5V時轉到下(xia)一(yi)階段。階段二為(wei)恒流充電，用1C的恒定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)對鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)，點電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓≥4.2V時轉到下一階段。階段三為(wei)恒壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，逐漸(jian)減小充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，保證電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓恒定=4.2V，當充(chong)電電流≤0.1C時轉到下一階段。階段四為(wei)涓流(liu)充電(dian)，恒壓充電(dian)結束后，電(dian)池已經基(ji)本充滿(man)，為(wei)了維持電(dian)池電(dian)壓，可以用(yong)0.1C甚至更小的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，到(dao)此鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程結束。

3、鋰電池充電器充電流程

電源未接上(shang)時，電路板上(shang)的LED燈(deng)不亮(liang)；

電(dian)源接上電(dian)路板，綠色LED持(chi)續(xu)亮著，此(ci)時電(dian)路板等待(dai)鋰電(dian)池置入(ru)；

鋰電池放入后，則開始充電，LED變成橙(cheng)色；

當(dang)鋰電池達到充飽的條件時，則停(ting)止充電，LED變成橘色；

鋰電(dian)池充飽后(hou)，電(dian)池移走，LED變成綠色(se)，等重新置入(ru)鋰電池充電；

在充(chong)電過程中，會顯示充(chong)電百分比。

LED燈：

持續(xu)綠色：等待電(dian)池置入；持續(xu)黃(huang)色：充電(dian)中；持續(xu)橘色：電(dian)池已(yi)充飽(bao)充或已(yi)充6小(xiao)時；閃爍橘(ju)色：警示(shi)訊息(輸出(chu)短路、正負極(ji)顛(dian)倒、溫(wen)度異常)。