石英鐘原理是什么
石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)的(de)傳感器的(de)核(he)心是傳感元(yuan)件——壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)片。其(qi)工作原(yuan)理是壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應,即石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)在某(mou)些(xie)(xie)方向(xiang)受到(dao)機(ji)(ji)械應力后,便會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶極子,相(xiang)反,若在石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)某(mou)方向(xiang)施(shi)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),則(ze)其(qi)特定方向(xiang)上會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)形(xing)變,這一(yi)現(xian)象稱為逆壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應。若在石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)上施(shi)加(jia)(jia)交變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場,則(ze)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)晶(jing)(jing)格(ge)將產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)機(ji)(ji)械振(zhen)(zhen)動,當外加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)頻率(lv)和晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)的(de)固有振(zhen)(zhen)蕩頻率(lv)一(yi)致時,則(ze)出現(xian)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)的(de)諧振(zhen)(zhen)。由于石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)在壓(ya)(ya)力下產(chan)(chan)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)度很(hen)小(xiao),這樣僅(jin)需很(hen)弱的(de)外加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場即可產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)形(xing)變,這一(yi)特性使壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)很(hen)容易(yi)在外加(jia)(jia)交變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場激勵下產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)諧振(zhen)(zhen)。其(qi)振(zhen)(zhen)蕩能(neng)量損耗小(xiao),振(zhen)(zhen)蕩頻率(lv)極穩定。這些(xie)(xie)再加(jia)(jia)上石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)優良的(de)機(ji)(ji)械、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)和化學穩定性,使它(ta)自40年代以來就成(cheng)為石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)鐘(zhong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子表、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視、計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)等與數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有關(guan)的(de)頻率(lv)基準元(yuan)件。
石(shi)英(ying)晶體(ti)具有(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)有(you)趣的(de)特(te)性,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在一(yi)側導(dao)(dao)(dao)入正電流(liu),同時(shi)在另一(yi)側導(dao)(dao)(dao)入負(fu)(fu)電流(liu)后,負(fu)(fu)電流(liu)一(yi)側會收縮并(bing)彎曲成U字形。如(ru)果定時(shi)交替在石(shi)英(ying)晶體(ti)兩側導(dao)(dao)(dao)入正、負(fu)(fu)電流(liu),石(shi)英(ying)晶體(ti)就(jiu)會產(chan)生(sheng)振(zhen)蕩。石(shi)英(ying)晶體(ti)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)根據這種振(zhen)蕩計時(shi)的(de)。個(ge)(ge)人電腦內置的(de)石(shi)英(ying)晶體(ti)每秒振(zhen)蕩1431萬8180次。石(shi)英(ying)鐘(zhong)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)如(ru)此。
石英鐘有哪些種類
1、電波鐘表
電(dian)(dian)波(bo)鐘(zhong)(zhong)表的(de)工作原理是由(you)標(biao)準時間的(de)授權(quan)中心將時間信號進行(xing)加密,然后(hou)(hou)通(tong)過(guo)低頻載(zai)波(bo)以無線電(dian)(dian)的(de)形(xing)式發播(bo)出去(qu),最后(hou)(hou)由(you)電(dian)(dian)波(bo)鐘(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)過(guo)內置的(de)信號接收(shou)器接收(shou)該信號。這種(zhong)鐘(zhong)(zhong)表的(de)優(you)點就是所有時間顯示(shi)都是保持高(gao)度同步的(de),準確性非(fei)常高(gao)。
2、晶體管鐘
晶體管鐘(zhong)(zhong)看上(shang)去有跟普通的鬧鐘(zhong)(zhong)一樣,內部采(cai)用晶體管作為開(kai)關,而且還有專門(men)的機芯。這種鐘(zhong)(zhong)表的性能比較穩定(ding),功能齊(qi)全,價格(ge)適中,受到非常多人的青睞。
3、數顯鐘
數顯(xian)(xian)鐘是(shi)現在比較(jiao)常見(jian)的(de)(de)一種,外觀時尚(shang),圖案種類很多,使(shi)用壽(shou)命很長,很多人進(jin)新房的(de)(de)時候就(jiu)會購買這種鐘表。它雖然是(shi)采用石英晶(jing)體作為(wei)振蕩器(qi),但是(shi)可以不用機械傳動(dong),就(jiu)可以在顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器(qi)上顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)時間。
4、電子鐘表
電子鐘表的工作原理(li)主要(yao)是由電(dian)池發出的電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化成磁(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),再將(jiang)磁(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)帶動鐘表的機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),以此達到目(mu)的。