一、柴油發電機基本結構

柴(chai)油發(fa)電機(ji)的基本(ben)結構(gou)是(shi)由(you)柴(chai)油機(ji)和發(fa)電機(ji)組成，柴(chai)油機(ji)作動力帶動發(fa)電機(ji)發(fa)電。

柴油機的基本結構：由氣缸、活塞、氣缸蓋、進氣門、排氣門、活塞銷、連桿、曲軸、軸承和飛輪等構件構成。柴油發電機的柴油(you)機一般(ban)是(shi)單(dan)缸(gang)(gang)或(huo)多缸(gang)(gang)四行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)的柴油(you)機，下(xia)面小編說說單(dan)缸(gang)(gang)四行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)柴油(you)機的工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)基本(ben)原理：柴油(you)機起動(dong)是(shi)通過(guo)人(ren)力或(huo)其它動(dong)力轉(zhuan)動(dong)柴油(you)機曲軸使活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)在頂(ding)部密閉的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)中作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)往(wang)復運(yun)(yun)動(dong)。活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)在運(yun)(yun)動(dong)中完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)四個行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)：進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)、壓(ya)縮行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)、燃(ran)燒和作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)功（膨(peng)脹(zhang)）行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)及排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)。當活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)由上(shang)(shang)向(xiang)下(xia)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)時(shi)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)門打(da)(da)開，經空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濾清(qing)器過(guo)濾的新鮮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)。活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)由下(xia)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，進(jin)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)門都關閉，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)被(bei)壓(ya)縮，溫(wen)度和壓(ya)力增高(gao)，完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)壓(ya)縮過(guo)程(cheng)。活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)將要到達最頂(ding)點時(shi)，噴油(you)器把經過(guo)濾的燃(ran)油(you)以霧狀噴入燃(ran)燒室(shi)中與高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)的空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合立即(ji)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)著火燃(ran)燒，形(xing)成(cheng)的高(gao)壓(ya)推(tui)動(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)向(xiang)下(xia)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)功，推(tui)動(dong)曲軸旋轉(zhuan)，完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)功行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)功行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)完(wan)(wan)了后，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)由下(xia)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)移動(dong)，排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)門打(da)(da)開排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)。每個行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)曲軸旋轉(zhuan)半圈。經若(ruo)干工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)循(xun)環后，柴油(you)機在飛(fei)輪的慣性下(xia)逐(zhu)漸加(jia)速進(jin)入工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

柴油機(ji)曲軸(zhou)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)便帶(dai)動發電(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)動發電(dian)，發電(dian)機(ji)有直流發電(dian)機(ji)和交流發電(dian)機(ji)。

直流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)主要由(you)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)殼、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)極鐵芯、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場線(xian)圈、電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)和炭刷等組成(cheng)。工作發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)原理：當柴油機(ji)(ji)帶動發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)旋轉時，由(you)于(yu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)極鐵芯存在(zai)剩磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)(shu)線(xian)圈便在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場中切割(ge)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)力線(xian)，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感應(ying)原理，由(you)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感應(ying)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)流并經炭刷輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

交(jiao)流發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機主(zhu)要由(you)磁性材料制(zhi)造(zao)多個南北極(ji)(ji)交(jiao)替排列(lie)的(de)(de)永磁鐵(tie)（稱(cheng)為(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子）和硅鑄鐵(tie)制(zhi)造(zao)并繞有多組串聯線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)樞線(xian)(xian)圈（稱(cheng)為(wei)定(ding)子）組成。工作發(fa)電(dian)(dian)原理：轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子由(you)柴油機帶動(dong)軸向切(qie)割磁力線(xian)(xian)，定(ding)子中(zhong)交(jiao)替排列(lie)的(de)(de)磁極(ji)(ji)在線(xian)(xian)圈鐵(tie)芯中(zhong)形成交(jiao)替的(de)(de)磁場(chang)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一圈，磁通的(de)(de)方向和大小變(bian)換多次(ci)，由(you)于磁場(chang)的(de)(de)變(bian)換作用(yong)，在線(xian)(xian)圈中(zhong)將產生大小和方向都變(bian)化的(de)(de)感應電(dian)(dian)流并由(you)定(ding)子線(xian)(xian)圈輸(shu)送出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流。

為了保(bao)護用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)，并維(wei)持其正常工作(zuo)，發電(dian)(dian)機發出的(de)電(dian)(dian)流還需(xu)要調節器進行調節控制(zhi)等等。

該圖片由注冊用戶"妮子的文字"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、柴油發電機工作原理

簡而言之，就是柴油(you)發電機驅動發電機運(yun)轉。

在汽缸內，經過(guo)空氣濾清器(qi)過(guo)濾后的(de)潔凈空氣與噴(pen)油嘴噴(pen)射出的(de)高(gao)壓霧化柴(chai)油充(chong)分混(hun)合，在活(huo)(huo)塞上行(xing)(xing)的(de)擠壓下(xia)，體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)縮小，溫度(du)迅速升高(gao)，達(da)到柴(chai)油的(de)燃(ran)點(dian)。柴(chai)油被點(dian)燃(ran)，混(hun)合氣體(ti)(ti)劇(ju)烈燃(ran)燒，體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)迅速膨脹，推動活(huo)(huo)塞下(xia)行(xing)(xing)，稱為‘作功(gong)’。各汽缸按一(yi)定順序依次作功(gong)，作用在活(huo)(huo)塞上的(de)推力經過(guo)連(lian)桿變成了推動曲(qu)軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)動的(de)力量，從而帶動曲(qu)軸(zhou)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)。將(jiang)無刷同步(bu)交流(liu)發電(dian)機與柴(chai)油發電(dian)機曲(qu)軸(zhou)同軸(zhou)安裝，就(jiu)可以利用柴(chai)油發電(dian)機的(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)帶動發電(dian)機的(de)轉(zhuan)子，利用‘電(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying)’原理，發電(dian)機就(jiu)會輸出感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)動勢，經閉(bi)合的(de)負載回路就(jiu)能產生(sheng)電(dian)流(liu)。

這里只描述發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組最基本的工作原理。要(yao)想得到可使用的、穩定的電(dian)(dian)力輸出，還需要(yao)一系列的柴油發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)和(he)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制、保護器件(jian)和(he)回路。

二、柴油發電機操作規程

在沒有連接到電網的情況下操作的一個或多個柴油發電機被(bei)稱為孤(gu)島(dao)操(cao)作(zuo)模式(shi)。并聯的(de)工作(zuo)發電(dian)機可以在(zai)部分負(fu)載(zai)下獲得更好的(de)效率。用(yong)于孤(gu)立(li)社區的(de)主電(dian)源的(de)孤(gu)島(dao)電(dian)廠通常將具有至少三個(ge)柴油發電(dian)機，其中任意兩(liang)個(ge)均被(bei)額定承(cheng)載(zai)所需(xu)的(de)負(fu)載(zai)。

發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)過(guo)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)連(lian)接(jie)在(zai)一起。同(tong)(tong)步(bu)涉及在(zai)將發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)連(lian)接(jie)到系統之(zhi)前匹配(pei)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，頻(pin)率和(he)相(xiang)位(wei)。在(zai)連(lian)接(jie)之(zhi)前無法(fa)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)可(ke)能會導(dao)致高(gao)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流或發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)或其開關設備的磨(mo)損。同(tong)(tong)步(bu)過(guo)程(cheng)可(ke)以(yi)由自動(dong)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)模(mo)塊自動(dong)完成(cheng)，或由指(zhi)導(dao)的操作員手動(dong)完成(cheng)。自動(dong)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)器(qi)(qi)將從發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和(he)母(mu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)讀取電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，頻(pin)率和(he)相(xiang)位(wei)參(can)數，同(tong)(tong)時通過(guo)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)調速(su)器(qi)(qi)或ECM（發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)控制(zhi)模(mo)塊）調節(jie)速(su)度。

負載可以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)負載共(gong)享(xiang)在并聯運行(xing)的(de)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)之間共(gong)享(xiang)。負載共(gong)享(xiang)可以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)使(shi)用由發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)頻率控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)下(xia)降速度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)來(lai)實現(xian)，同時其不斷地調(diao)節發動機(ji)燃(ran)(ran)料控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)以(yi)(yi)將負載轉(zhuan)移到剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)源或從(cong)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)移負載。當向其燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)系統的(de)燃(ran)(ran)料供應增加時，柴油發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)將承擔更多的(de)負載，而如果燃(ran)(ran)料供應減少，則釋(shi)放負載。