【汽(qi)車穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)】汽(qi)車穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的作用?汽車穩壓器有用嗎
汽車穩壓器的作用?
汽車電源穩壓器,也稱電(dian)(dian)子整流器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)子穩壓器(qi)(qi)。多數產(chan)品(pin)表述成可以穩定汽(qi)車(che)12V主供電(dian)(dian)回路的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓,提(ti)升汽(qi)車(che)動力(li)性(xing)能、節省燃油(you),甚至(zhi)有些(xie)產(chan)品(pin)就直接命名(ming)為電(dian)(dian)子節油(you)器(qi)(qi)。
汽(qi)車(che)供(gong)電(dian)的電(dian)源有蓄電(dian)池和發(fa)電(dian)機。汽(qi)車(che)發(fa)動(dong)前,由(you)蓄電(dian)池供(gong)電(dian),電(dian)壓在(zai)12.0~12.6V之間(jian);汽(qi)車(che)發(fa)動(dong)后,由(you)發(fa)動(dong)機帶(dai)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)機供(gong)電(dian),供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓在(zai)13.3~14.8V之間(jian)。電(dian)壓依(yi)車(che)型、車(che)輛所處工作狀態不同而有所差別。
蓄電(dian)池供(gong)電(dian)主要(yao)保證汽車沒發(fa)動(dong)時的基本電(dian)路(lu)供(gong)電(dian)功能,如:ECU和儀表(biao)盤供(gong)電(dian)、燈(deng)光(guang)照明等,還要(yao)為起動(dong)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)提(ti)供(gong)保障。
發(fa)動(dong)機起動(dong)后,發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機投入工作,因其(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,因此(ci),原(yuan)本處于供電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)轉為被充電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai),汽車供電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路由發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機保證供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。而(er)發(fa)動(dong)機的(de)工作狀態(tai)有(you):怠速(su)、變檔、加速(su)、減速(su)和(he)巡(xun)航,還有(you)不定時(shi)的(de)汽車空調短時(shi)負荷,這些都會(hui)影響發(fa)動(dong)機,導致轉速(su)發(fa)生變化,相應的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉速(su)也(ye)隨之(zhi)波動(dong)。
發電機與蓄電池不同,沒有電量儲備,其電量都是由發動機的動能瞬時轉化過來;因此,電路中的任何負荷變化,不論變化大小、時間長短,都要發電機來響應和承擔。發電機的供電響應滯后就會導致電壓波動,使汽車動力及操控性能變差。
汽車穩壓器有用嗎
發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機供電(dian)時(shi)因(yin)為沒有電(dian)量(liang)儲備,電(dian)壓(ya)始(shi)終(zhong)在(zai)波動中,在(zai)發(fa)(fa)動機工作狀態變化(hua)范圍越大時(shi),電(dian)壓(ya)波動也會越劇(ju)烈。這會對汽車(che)(che)(che)工作穩定性(xing)(xing)、可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)造成影響,也會降(jiang)低發(fa)(fa)動機的(de)點(dian)火可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)、噴油量(liang)的(de)準確性(xing)(xing),從而影響汽車(che)(che)(che)駕駛性(xing)(xing)能和綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)能。尤其是(shi)一些小排(pai)量(liang)大車(che)(che)(che)身的(de)款(kuan)式(shi)會更為明顯,通常(chang)表現為起(qi)步緩慢、加(jia)速滯后,油門踩(cai)到底車(che)(che)(che)速上不去。
汽車原廠是(shi)由多家(jia)配套廠提(ti)供(gong)部件裝(zhuang)配,因(yin)此,各電(dian)路系(xi)統(tong),如(ru):點火(huo)系(xi)統(tong)、ECU系(xi)統(tong)、儀表系(xi)統(tong)、ABS系(xi)統(tong)等,都是(shi)在(zai)本(ben)系(xi)統(tong)上加(jia)寬(kuan)適應電(dian)壓范圍,沒有總體(ti)的(de)穩(wen)(wen)壓考慮。汽車由發電(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)后,各系(xi)統(tong)只(zhi)管(guan)自己系(xi)統(tong)可以適應,不(bu)(bu)管(guan)別的(de)電(dian)子(zi)控制系(xi)統(tong);故此,由于發動機轉速變化造成了電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)良,有必要裝(zhuang)備一定(ding)儲(chu)電(dian)能力的(de)總回路的(de)穩(wen)(wen)壓器,才能保證整車穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)供(gong)電(dian),提(ti)高(gao)整車各個(ge)電(dian)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)全面(mian)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)和(he)可靠性(xing)。