殺蟲燈的原理

殺蟲(chong)燈(deng)誘殺害蟲(chong)屬于物理防治(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是利用科(ke)學的(de)光源和特質的(de)燈(deng)管(guan)，給(gei)雙翅目的(de)菇蚊設計了(le)一個陷阱，通過發射特殊(shu)波段(duan)，在特定(ding)振動頻(pin)率范圍內吸引成蟲(chong)主(zhu)(zhu)動前往。

成語“飛蛾撲火”形(xing)象描(miao)述(shu)了昆蟲(chong)的(de)(de)趨光(guang)性(xing)。燈(deng)光(guang)誘蟲(chong)技術(shu)就是(shi)利用生(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)趨光(guang)性(xing)誘集并消滅害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)，從而防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)和(he)蟲(chong)媒(mei)病害(hai)(hai)(hai)。燈(deng)光(guang)誘蟲(chong)專門誘殺害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)成蟲(chong)，降低害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)基數(shu)，使害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)密(mi)度和(he)落卵量大幅度降低，從而減輕和(he)避免(mian)害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)對人、對農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)直接危害(hai)(hai)(hai)或(huo)傳播(bo)病害(hai)(hai)(hai)。各種(zhong)病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)都有一定的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)，當(dang)病蟲(chong)指數(shu)在防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)以下則(ze)無需用農(nong)藥防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。

關于(yu)少(shao)數殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)生(sheng)產企(qi)業產品(pin)介紹中的說法(fa)：“殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)機(ji)理是(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)、波(bo)、色、味四種誘殺(sha)(sha)(sha)方式(shi)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅(mie)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。”“近(jin)距離用(yong)光(guang)(guang)，遠(yuan)距離用(yong)波(bo)，黃色光(guang)(guang)源，性(xing)信(xin)息等原理設計”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)科學、不(bu)(bu)準確的！不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)故弄懸(xuan)虛(xu)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)缺少(shao)基礎(chu)物理知(zhi)識(shi)！“光(guang)(guang)、波(bo)、色”實質都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)波(bo)，光(guang)(guang)和色都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)波(bo)在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)振動頻率(lv)時的表現，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的色也(ye)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)振動頻率(lv)的光(guang)(guang)波(bo)。至于(yu)“頻振式(shi)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)”的運(yun)(yun)用(yong)于(yu)“性(xing)信(xin)息”原理，完全是(shi)(shi)(shi)子虛(xu)烏有！而(er)且，燈(deng)光(guang)(guang)只能(neng)誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅(mie)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)；殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅(mie)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)還必須配套(tao)其它殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)部件。

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殺蟲燈的分類

按電源分類

1、交流電殺蟲燈

適用(yong)(yong)于有(you)交流(liu)電源(yuan)的使用(yong)(yong)場地，是傳(chuan)統的殺蟲燈供能方式(shi)，可人工控制(zhi)，也可實行全自動控制(zhi)。如果為使用(yong)(yong)殺蟲燈，安裝(zhuang)符(fu)合安全供電標準的交流(liu)供電線路(lu)，投資成(cheng)本較(jiao)高，而且(qie)在農田中使用(yong)(yong)交流(liu)電，安全隱患較(jiao)大。

2、蓄電池殺蟲燈

殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)配有蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池和充電(dian)(dian)器；適用于有交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)條件(jian)的區域。以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池為殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)能源，實(shi)現半自動(dong)控制(zhi)，使(shi)用安全性好于交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)；像電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)車那樣，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)量不足，需及時充電(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)價格比交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲燈(deng)高(gao)，使(shi)用過程(cheng)中還需要支出電(dian)(dian)費，而且(qie)需專人充電(dian)(dian)、管理。

3、太陽能殺蟲燈

殺(sha)蟲燈(deng)配有(you)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)包(bao)括：太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和控制(zhi)器。適用(yong)(yong)于白(bai)天(tian)(tian)有(you)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光的任何生(sheng)產環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。由太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)提供(gong)能(neng)(neng)源；白(bai)天(tian)(tian)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，天(tian)(tian)黑蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對(dui)殺(sha)蟲燈(deng)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；一般(ban)都有(you)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)控制(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)，能(neng)(neng)全自(zi)(zi)動(dong)安全高(gao)效(xiao)工(gong)作(zuo)，是節能(neng)(neng)、環(huan)(huan)保(bao)的新能(neng)(neng)源殺(sha)蟲燈(deng)。太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)殺(sha)蟲燈(deng)售價較高(gao)，但(dan)一套殺(sha)蟲燈(deng)有(you)效(xiao)范圍一般(ban)30畝(mu)(mu)左右(you)，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(ban)工(gong)作(zuo)壽命(ming)20年以上(shang)，一次投資，20年受益，工(gong)作(zuo)期間不再(zai)需要支付電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)。其它部(bu)件工(gong)作(zuo)壽命(ming)1、3、5年不等(deng)，加(jia)上(shang)維修費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)，投資不足5000元，每年每畝(mu)(mu)平均費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)不足10元，每年每畝(mu)(mu)可(ke)節約農(nong)藥成本和打藥用(yong)(yong)工(gong)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)100多元。

按誘蟲光源分類

1、火光

是(shi)最(zui)原始的誘蟲(chong)(chong)光源(yuan)，如上世紀70年代，推(tui)廣利用(yong)煤(mei)油燈(deng)誘蟲(chong)(chong)。現在一(yi)般已不再運用(yong)。

2、電轉換光

電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化的(de)多種(zhong)特(te)定頻(pin)率光波。現在的(de)殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈一般都是(shi)采用電(dian)(dian)轉換光。電(dian)(dian)轉換光源根據轉換技術的(de)原理又可分為：白熾燈、汞燈和LED（半導體(ti)）燈三大(da)類。

白(bai)(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)(deng)：電流(liu)加熱發(fa)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)至白(bai)(bai)熾(chi)狀態而發(fa)光(guang)(guang)的電光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)，如普(pu)通白(bai)(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)(deng)、鹵(lu)鎢燈(deng)(deng)。白(bai)(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)(deng)因(yin)很多能(neng)量作(zuo)為熱能(neng)散(san)失(shi)，光(guang)(guang)效率低，能(neng)耗最高；白(bai)(bai)熾(chi)燈(deng)(deng)的光(guang)(guang)波(bo)一般只包括(kuo)部分可見光(guang)(guang)段，誘蟲(chong)種類少，現在基本(ben)不(bu)用(yong)。

汞(gong)(gong)燈(deng)：以汞(gong)(gong)作基(ji)本元素(su)，并充有適量其(qi)他金屬(shu)或其(qi)他化合物的弧光(guang)(guang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)；是利用(yong)的汞(gong)(gong)蒸氣(qi)在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)輻(fu)射紫外線，使熒光(guang)(guang)粉發(fa)(fa)出可(ke)見光(guang)(guang)；其(qi)中(zhong)以汞(gong)(gong)蒸氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力又分為(wei)低壓(ya)(ya)、高壓(ya)(ya)、超高壓(ya)(ya)三類(lei)。由于(yu)汞(gong)(gong)燈(deng)所消(xiao)耗的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)大(da)部分用(yong)于(yu)產生紫外線，因此，汞(gong)(gong)燈(deng)的發(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)效率遠比(bi)白熾燈(deng)和(he)鹵鎢(wu)燈(deng)高，是目前節能(neng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)，誘蟲光(guang)(guang)源(yuan)多屬(shu)此類(lei)。

LED燈：發(fa)光(guang)(guang)(guang)二極管，是一種(zhong)固態的(de)半導體器件直(zhi)接把電轉化為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)。是最(zui)(zui)新型最(zui)(zui)節能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)，但都(dou)是單色光(guang)(guang)(guang)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜太(tai)狹窄，幾種(zhong)顏色的(de)LED燈組合起來，光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜幅(fu)度也(ye)不(bu)可能(neng)很寬，因此，LED燈誘(you)蟲(chong)種(zhong)類少；而且價格高。使(shi)用LED燈作(zuo)誘(you)蟲(chong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)還需要進(jin)行系統的(de)誘(you)蟲(chong)效果(guo)試驗；目前(qian)，不(bu)宜用于殺蟲(chong)燈。

殺蟲燈怎么用效果最好

1、殺蟲燈的開燈時間

根(gen)據害蟲的(de)活動(dong)規(gui)律，害蟲的(de)活動(dong)旺(wang)盛期是天快黑時開(kai)始(shi)，到晚(wan)上(shang)22：00以后(hou)就會(hui)慢(man)慢(man)的(de)減弱，所以開(kai)燈的(de)時間(jian)至關重要，每(mei)天一定(ding)要在傍晚(wan)18：00以后(hou)準時開(kai)燈。

2、殺蟲燈的懸掛位置

因為害(hai)蟲具有一定的(de)自(zi)我保護能力，如果(guo)殺(sha)蟲燈(deng)始終(zhong)是懸(xuan)掛在同一個位(wei)置(zhi)，那么(me)殺(sha)蟲效果(guo)肯(ken)定會大(da)(da)打折扣，因此殺(sha)蟲燈(deng)的(de)懸(xuan)掛位(wei)置(zhi)要不停的(de)變換，這樣才能最大(da)(da)限度的(de)提(ti)高殺(sha)蟲燈(deng)對害(hai)蟲誘殺(sha)效果(guo)；

3、和防蟲網一起使用

將(jiang)殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)和防蟲(chong)網結(jie)合起來(lai)實用(yong)，防蟲(chong)網可以將(jiang)外(wai)界的(de)(de)害蟲(chong)和大棚中的(de)(de)害蟲(chong)隔(ge)離(li)開來(lai)，避免殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)把周圍(wei)的(de)(de)害蟲(chong)也吸引過來(lai)，出現越殺(sha)越多的(de)(de)情況。

4、配合藥物使用

在(zai)當前(qian)農業(ye)發展的過程中(zhong)，雖(sui)然(ran)殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)(deng)的誘殺(sha)效果已經非常好了，但是當蟲(chong)害嚴重(zhong)發生的時候，還需(xu)要配合使用一(yi)些(xie)用，殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)(deng)和藥物配合使用效果最(zui)佳。

5、先開燈再噴藥

在(zai)蟲害(hai)嚴重發生時、在(zai)害(hai)蟲活(huo)動最活(huo)躍時，先(xian)開燈一(yi)會，然(ran)后(hou)在(zai)空(kong)中(zhong)噴藥，可以成倍地提(ti)高殺蟲燈對害(hai)蟲的誘(you)殺效果。