【互(hu)感(gan)器的(de)功能(neng)】互(hu)感(gan)器的(de)作用(yong)(yong)是什(shen)么 互(hu)感(gan)器原理及用(yong)(yong)途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起到變流變壓和電氣(qi)隔(ge)離的作用。

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顯示儀(yi)表(biao)大部分是指針式(shi)的電(dian)流電(dian)壓表(biao)，所以電(dian)流互感器的二次電(dian)流大多數是安培級的（如5等）。隨(sui)著時代發(fa)展，電量測(ce)量大多已經達到數字化，而(er)計算機的采(cai)樣的信號一般為(wei)毫安(an)級（0-5V、4-20mA等）。微型電流互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)二(er)次電流為毫安級(ji)，主要起大互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)與采樣(yang)之(zhi)間的橋梁作用。微型電流互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“儀用電流互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)”。（“儀用電流互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)”有(you)一(yi)(yi)層含義(yi)是在實(shi)驗室使用的多電流比精密電流互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)用于擴大儀表量程。）

電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)原(yuan)理線路圖微型電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)與變壓器(qi)類似也是根據電(dian)磁感(gan)(gan)(gan)應原(yuan)理工(gong)作，變壓器(qi)變換的(de)是電(dian)壓而微型電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)變換的(de)是電(dian)流(liu)罷了(le)。繞組N1接被測電流，稱為一次繞(rao)組(zu)（或原邊繞(rao)組(zu)、初級繞(rao)組(zu)）；繞(rao)組(zu)N2接測量(liang)儀表，稱為二次(ci)繞(rao)組（或(huo)副邊繞(rao)組、次(ci)級繞(rao)組）。

微型(xing)電(dian)流(liu)互感器一次(ci)繞組電(dian)流(liu)I1與二次繞組I2的(de)電流(liu)比，叫實際(ji)電流(liu)比K。微型電(dian)流(liu)互感器在額定工作(zuo)電(dian)流(liu)下工作(zuo)時的電(dian)流(liu)比叫電(dian)流(liu)互感器額定電(dian)流(liu)比，用Kn表示。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)為(wei)了傳(chuan)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)采(cai)用交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)回路把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送往(wang)(wang)用戶(hu)，無法(fa)用儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)進(jin)行直(zhi)接測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)作用，就是將交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)按比例降到(dao)(dao)可(ke)以用儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)直(zhi)接測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)數值(zhi)，便于(yu)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)直(zhi)接測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，同時為(wei)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)自(zi)動裝置(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)信息(xi)傳(chuan)遞到(dao)(dao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)二次(ci)(ci)側的(de)計量(liang)(liang)(liang)、測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)及繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、自(zi)動裝置(zhi)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種特殊(shu)變壓器(qi)(qi)，是一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)二次(ci)(ci)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)聯絡元件(jian)，其一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，二次(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組分別與(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)等互(hu)相連接。互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)和(he)計量(liang)(liang)(liang)裝置(zhi)配合，可(ke)以測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)；與(yu)(yu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)自(zi)動裝置(zhi)配合，可(ke)以構成對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)各種故障的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)自(zi)動控制。互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)性能(neng)的(de)好壞，直(zhi)接影響到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、計量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)準確性和(he)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)動作的(de)可(ke)靠性。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供給(gei)儀表和繼電(dian)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置實現測量(liang)、計量(liang)、保護(hu)等作用。

電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器是一種電(dian)流(liu)(liu)變換裝(zhuang)置，有(you)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)變換和隔離兩重作(zuo)用，它將高(gao)壓(ya)回路或低壓(ya)回路的大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)轉變為低壓(ya)小電(dian)流(liu)(liu)（一般為5A），供給(gei)儀(yi)表和繼電保護(hu)裝置(zhi)實現測量、計量、保護(hu)等作用。

實際測量時，為了更好的與儀表(biao)量程匹(pi)配(pei)，也(ye)有將5A以(yi)下小電(dian)流變換為大電(dian)流（5A）的互感器。