一、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測方法

傳統蓄電池測試的依據標準

九十年代，世界上幾(ji)乎所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽車(che)所用的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池都是鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池，鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)就(jiu)是隨著電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用，電(dian)(dian)池逐漸(jian)老化，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)降(jiang)低(di)到他原本額(e)定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)能呈“跳水式”下降(jiang)，這時(shi)盡管該電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)能仍(reng)然能夠提供一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)，但(dan)隨時(shi)可(ke)能報(bao)廢。在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)國(guo)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池行業，都把80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)作為鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個臨界點(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)降(jiang)低(di)到其原額(e)定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，這個電(dian)(dian)池就(jiu)需(xu)要更(geng)換了。

傳統辦法判定電池健康狀況

判(pan)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)健康狀況(kuang)的(de)(de)傳統辦法就是放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通過(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)當(dang)下的(de)(de)實際容量，從而判(pan)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)健康狀況(kuang)。對(dui)于汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，國(guo)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)協會（BCI）規定，在(zai)常溫下以1/2的(de)(de)額定冷起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值進行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)15秒（CCA），如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為9.6V以上，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就通過(guo)了放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實驗，是個健康的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

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傳統檢測電池手段不足表現

傳統的方法以外加負載來檢測電池表(biao)現：

1、被測(ce)試的電(dian)池必須滿充，至少有12.4V，但沖滿電(dian)壓不是常數(shu)，由于測(ce)試原(yuan)理(li)是放電(dian)，必然導致測(ce)量的結(jie)果變化；

2、對于同(tong)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池，無法(fa)連續重復(fu)測(ce)(ce)量，測(ce)(ce)試數(shu)據(ju)可能(neng)存(cun)在讀數(shu)誤差。因為(wei)放電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)，被檢測(ce)(ce)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池在檢測(ce)(ce)后(hou)，必須(xu)重新充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，才(cai)能(neng)再次測(ce)(ce)量；

3、測(ce)試(shi)過程發出大量(liang)的熱(re)，連(lian)續測(ce)試(shi)，要配套散(san)熱(re)裝置(zhi)；

4、測試過程要(yao)求測試者訓(xun)練有素，由于必須在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)15秒的瞬(shun)間(jian)讀出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值，會對測試結論產生影響(xiang)。

傳統不足造成的浪費和影響

正是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于傳統(tong)檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)手(shou)段不(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)原因，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)經銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)以及汽(qi)車(che)(che)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)站、汽(qi)車(che)(che)經銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)常常將好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為(wei)壞(huai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)退回給(gei)廠家(jia)，據美(mei)國的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)經銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)INTERSTATE統(tong)計，在(zai)退回來的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)壞(huai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中，50%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)實(shi)際上是(shi)(shi)(shi)好的(de)(de)(de)，這些(xie)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)充電(dian)，而不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)換(huan)，這部分好電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)失誤(wu)的(de)(de)(de)判斷，無(wu)謂(wei)地往(wang)返于廠家(jia)和經銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)之(zhi)間，白白造成彼此的(de)(de)(de)耗費(fei)。由(you)于許(xu)多的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)網點缺乏高效的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)工具，未(wei)能在(zai)車(che)(che)主遇上問(wen)題前及時發現已經衰弱的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，從而喪失了潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)銷(xiao)(xiao)售電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會。傳統(tong)輔助使用的(de)(de)(de)比重指示、端電(dian)壓(ya)等測(ce)(ce)試手(shou)段反映的(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)情況（SOC），而非健(jian)康情況（SOJ），無(wu)法作為(wei)檢驗電(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要更(geng)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)有效方(fang)法。

二、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測原理

電導儀的技術原理

大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗數(shu)據表明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量呈很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)形關系(xi)。對于同(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，隨著(zhu)使用后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值也(ye)會(hui)下降，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個線(xian)形關系(xi)正(zheng)(zheng)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀能(neng)夠(gou)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)判定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)健(jian)康情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。正(zheng)(zheng)因為(wei)如此，國際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工程師(shi)協會(hui)（IEEE）正(zheng)(zheng)式把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)測(ce)試法作為(wei)檢測(ce)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)標準(zhun)之一(yi)，在標準(zhun)IEEE1118/1996版 的(de)(de)(de)(de)第15頁(ye)，明確(que)指出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量是將已(yi)知頻(pin)率(lv)和振(zhen)幅的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端，然(ran)后(hou)測(ce)量所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值就(jiu)是與(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)同(tong)相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分量與(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比值。明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)（下降大(da)于20%）就(jiu)意味著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)。

電導儀的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)隨著使用時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，會逐漸老(lao)化(hua)，其老(lao)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因正是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極表面發生硫化(hua)、腐蝕，活性材料脫落，無法(fa)再進(jin)行(xing)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)反應，這是(shi)絕大部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)無法(fa)繼續(xu)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理(li)就(jiu)是(shi)通過(guo)測量極板(ban)表面離子的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，判定(ding)其化(hua)學(xue)反應能力，并通過(guo)極板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)來推斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，從(cong)而判定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康狀況(kuang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀所(suo)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)工作，就(jiu)是(shi)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)實測得的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)完好(hao)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值進(jin)行(xing)比較，如果差異大到(dao)一定(ding)程度，就(jiu)可以(yi)判定(ding)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)需要(yao)更換(huan)了。實踐證明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀的(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)結(jie)果與用1/2的(de)(de)(de)(de)值放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)值（CCA）的(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)結(jie)果是(shi)吻合的(de)(de)(de)(de)。相(xiang)對(dui)傳統放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢測，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀測試(shi)方法(fa)彌補了其不足之處(chu)。