一、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測方法

傳統蓄電池測試的依據標準

九十年代，世界上幾(ji)乎所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽車所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)都是(shi)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點就是(shi)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)逐漸老化(hua)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)降(jiang)低到(dao)他原本(ben)額定容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)可能(neng)呈“跳水式”下降(jiang)，這時(shi)盡管該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可能(neng)仍然能(neng)夠提供(gong)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)，但(dan)隨時(shi)可能(neng)報廢。在(zai)國際國內的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)行業(ye)，都把80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)作為(wei)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個臨(lin)界點，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)降(jiang)低到(dao)其(qi)原額定容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)就需要更換(huan)了。

傳統辦法判定電池健康狀況

判定電(dian)池(chi)(chi)健(jian)(jian)康狀況(kuang)的傳統辦法就是放電(dian)，通過放電(dian)來檢測電(dian)池(chi)(chi)當(dang)下的實際(ji)容量，從(cong)而判定電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的健(jian)(jian)康狀況(kuang)。對于(yu)汽車電(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，國際(ji)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)協(xie)會（BCI）規(gui)定，在常(chang)溫下以1/2的額定冷起動電(dian)流值進(jin)行放電(dian)15秒（CCA），如果電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓為9.6V以上(shang)，這個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)就通過了放電(dian)實驗(yan)，是個(ge)健(jian)(jian)康的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

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傳統檢測電池手段不足表現

傳統的方法以外加負載來檢測(ce)電池表(biao)現(xian)：

1、被測(ce)試的電(dian)池必須滿(man)充，至少有12.4V，但沖滿(man)電(dian)壓不是常(chang)數(shu)，由于測(ce)試原理是放電(dian)，必然導(dao)致(zhi)測(ce)量(liang)的結果變(bian)化；

2、對(dui)于同一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池，無(wu)法連(lian)續重復測(ce)量，測(ce)試(shi)數(shu)據可能存在(zai)讀數(shu)誤差。因為(wei)放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，被檢(jian)測(ce)的電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)檢(jian)測(ce)后(hou)，必(bi)須重新充電(dian)(dian)，才能再次測(ce)量；

3、測試過程發出大量(liang)的熱(re)，連續測試，要配套(tao)散熱(re)裝置；

4、測試(shi)(shi)過程要(yao)求測試(shi)(shi)者訓練有素，由于(yu)必須在放電(dian)15秒(miao)的瞬間讀出電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)壓(ya)值，會對測試(shi)(shi)結論(lun)產生影(ying)響。

傳統不足造成的浪費和影響

正(zheng)是(shi)由于傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)手段不(bu)足(zu)的(de)原因，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)銷商以及(ji)汽車(che)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)站、汽車(che)經(jing)銷商常常將好(hao)(hao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)(wei)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)退回給(gei)廠(chang)家，據美(mei)國的(de)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)銷商INTERSTATE統(tong)(tong)計，在(zai)(zai)退回來的(de)所謂的(de)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)，50%的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)實際上(shang)是(shi)好(hao)(hao)的(de)，這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而不(bu)是(shi)更(geng)換，這部(bu)分好(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，只是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)失(shi)誤(wu)的(de)判斷(duan)，無(wu)(wu)謂地往返于廠(chang)家和(he)經(jing)銷商之(zhi)間，白白造成彼此的(de)耗費。由于許多的(de)汽車(che)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)網點缺乏(fa)高(gao)效的(de)檢測(ce)工具，未能在(zai)(zai)車(che)主(zhu)遇上(shang)問題前(qian)及(ji)時發現已經(jing)衰弱(ruo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，從而喪失(shi)了潛在(zai)(zai)的(de)銷售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)機會。傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)輔助使用(yong)的(de)比重指(zhi)示、端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等測(ce)試(shi)手段反映的(de)都(dou)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況（SOC），而非(fei)健康情況（SOJ），無(wu)(wu)法作為(wei)(wei)檢驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)更(geng)換的(de)有(you)效方(fang)法。

二、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測原理

電導儀的技術原理

大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)數據表明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導值(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)呈很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線形(xing)關(guan)系。對于同一(yi)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，隨著(zhu)使用后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)降，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導值(zhi)也會下(xia)(xia)降，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)線形(xing)關(guan)系正(zheng)(zheng)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導儀能夠正(zheng)(zheng)確判定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)健(jian)康情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。正(zheng)(zheng)因(yin)為如此，國(guo)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工程師協會（IEEE）正(zheng)(zheng)式把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導測(ce)(ce)試法作為檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)標(biao)(biao)準之一(yi)，在標(biao)(biao)準IEEE1118/1996版 的(de)(de)(de)(de)第15頁，明確指出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)是將已(yi)知頻率(lv)和振(zhen)幅的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端，然后測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導值(zhi)就(jiu)是與交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)同相的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)分量(liang)(liang)與交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比值(zhi)。明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)（下(xia)(xia)降大于20%）就(jiu)意味著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)。

電導儀的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)隨著使(shi)用時間的(de)(de)(de)增加，會逐漸(jian)老(lao)化(hua)，其老(lao)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因正是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)表面(mian)發生硫化(hua)、腐蝕(shi)，活性材料(liao)脫落，無法(fa)再進(jin)行有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應，這是(shi)(shi)絕(jue)大部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)無法(fa)繼續使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因。電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)通過測(ce)(ce)量極(ji)板表面(mian)離子的(de)(de)(de)情況，判定(ding)其化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應能力，并通過極(ji)板的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)來推斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，從而判定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)健康狀況。電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)所進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)作，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)實(shi)測(ce)(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完好時的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值進(jin)行比較，如果(guo)差異大到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)程度，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)判定(ding)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)需要(yao)(yao)更換了。實(shi)踐證明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)結果(guo)與(yu)用1/2的(de)(de)(de)值放電(dian)(dian)(dian)值（CCA）的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)結果(guo)是(shi)(shi)吻(wen)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)。相對傳統放電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢測(ce)(ce)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法(fa)彌(mi)補了其不足之處(chu)。