一、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測方法

傳統蓄電池測試的依據標準

九十(shi)年(nian)代，世界上幾乎所有的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)所用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)都是鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最大的(de)(de)特點就是隨(sui)著電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)逐漸老(lao)化，當電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)降(jiang)(jiang)低到(dao)(dao)他原本額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)時候，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可能(neng)呈“跳水式”下降(jiang)(jiang)，這時盡管該電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可能(neng)仍然能(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)供一定的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，但隨(sui)時可能(neng)報(bao)廢。在國際(ji)國內的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)行業(ye)，都把80%的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)作為鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)一個臨界點，當電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)降(jiang)(jiang)低到(dao)(dao)其原額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)時候，這個電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)就需(xu)要更換了。

傳統辦法判定電池健康狀況

判(pan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)健康(kang)狀(zhuang)況的傳統辦法就(jiu)(jiu)是放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)當(dang)下(xia)的實(shi)際(ji)容量(liang)，從(cong)而判(pan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的健康(kang)狀(zhuang)況。對于(yu)汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來說，國際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)協會（BCI）規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，在常(chang)溫下(xia)以(yi)1/2的額定(ding)(ding)(ding)冷起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)15秒（CCA），如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為9.6V以(yi)上，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)就(jiu)(jiu)通過了放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)驗，是個健康(kang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。

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傳統檢測電池手段不足表現

傳統的方法以外加負(fu)載來(lai)檢測電池表現(xian)：

1、被測試的(de)電池(chi)必須(xu)滿充，至(zhi)少有12.4V，但(dan)沖滿電壓(ya)不(bu)是常數，由于測試原理是放電，必然導致測量的(de)結果變化(hua)；

2、對于同一個電(dian)池(chi)，無法連續重(zhong)復測量，測試(shi)數據可(ke)能存在(zai)讀數誤差。因為放電(dian)過程，被檢(jian)測的(de)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)檢(jian)測后，必(bi)須重(zhong)新充電(dian)，才能再次測量；

3、測試過程發出大量的(de)熱，連續測試，要配套散熱裝置(zhi)；

4、測(ce)試(shi)過程(cheng)要求測(ce)試(shi)者訓練有(you)素，由于(yu)必(bi)須在放電(dian)15秒的(de)瞬間讀出電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓值，會(hui)對測(ce)試(shi)結論產生影響。

傳統不足造成的浪費和影響

正是(shi)(shi)由(you)于傳統檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)手段不足的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)商以及(ji)汽(qi)車維修站、汽(qi)車經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)商常(chang)常(chang)將好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)作為(wei)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)退回給(gei)廠家(jia)(jia)，據美國的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)商INTERSTATE統計，在退回來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)所謂的(de)(de)(de)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中，50%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)實際上是(shi)(shi)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)，這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)需要的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)不是(shi)(shi)更換(huan)(huan)，這部(bu)分(fen)好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)失(shi)誤的(de)(de)(de)判斷(duan)，無謂地往返于廠家(jia)(jia)和經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)商之間(jian)，白(bai)白(bai)造成(cheng)彼此的(de)(de)(de)耗費。由(you)于許多的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車維修網點缺乏高效的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)工具，未能在車主遇(yu)上問題前(qian)及(ji)時發現已經(jing)衰弱的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，從而(er)喪失(shi)了潛在的(de)(de)(de)銷(xiao)(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)機會。傳統輔(fu)助使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)指示、端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)測(ce)試手段反映的(de)(de)(de)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)（SOC），而(er)非健康情況(kuang)（SOJ），無法(fa)作為(wei)檢驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)否需要更換(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)有效方法(fa)。

二、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測原理

電導儀的技術原理

大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗數據(ju)表明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導值(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)呈很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)形關系(xi)。對于(yu)同(tong)一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，隨著使用后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導值(zhi)(zhi)也會下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)線(xian)形關系(xi)正(zheng)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導儀能夠正(zheng)確(que)判(pan)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)健康(kang)情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。正(zheng)因為(wei)(wei)如此，國際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)工程師(shi)協會（IEEE）正(zheng)式把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導測試法作為(wei)(wei)檢(jian)測鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測標準之一，在標準IEEE1118/1996版 的(de)(de)(de)(de)第15頁，明確(que)指出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導的(de)(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)是(shi)將已(yi)知頻率和振幅的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端，然后測量(liang)(liang)所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導值(zhi)(zhi)就是(shi)與(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓同(tong)相的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)分量(liang)(liang)與(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)(zhi)。明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化（下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)大(da)于(yu)20%）就意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化。

電導儀的工作原理

電(dian)池(chi)隨(sui)著(zhu)使用(yong)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加，會逐漸老化(hua)(hua)(hua)，其老化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因正是電(dian)池(chi)極(ji)表面(mian)發生硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)、腐蝕，活性材料脫落，無(wu)(wu)法(fa)再進(jin)行有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)反應，這(zhe)是絕大部分(fen)電(dian)池(chi)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)繼(ji)續使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因。電(dian)導(dao)儀的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理就(jiu)是通過測(ce)(ce)量極(ji)板表面(mian)離(li)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，判(pan)定(ding)其化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)反應能力(li)，并通過極(ji)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)來推斷(duan)電(dian)池(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)，從而(er)判(pan)定(ding)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康狀況。電(dian)導(dao)儀所進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試工作，就(jiu)是以電(dian)池(chi)實測(ce)(ce)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際電(dian)導(dao)值與電(dian)池(chi)完好時的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準電(dian)導(dao)值進(jin)行比較，如果差異大到一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)，就(jiu)可以判(pan)定(ding)該電(dian)池(chi)需要(yao)更換了(le)。實踐證(zheng)明，電(dian)導(dao)儀的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試結果與用(yong)1/2的(de)(de)(de)(de)值放電(dian)值（CCA）的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試結果是吻合的(de)(de)(de)(de)。相對(dui)傳統放電(dian)檢測(ce)(ce)，電(dian)導(dao)儀測(ce)(ce)試方(fang)法(fa)彌(mi)補了(le)其不足之(zhi)處。