樓梯間應急照明分類

應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)指因(yin)正常照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)失效而啟動的照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)必須(xu)采(cai)用能瞬(shun)時(shi)可靠點燃的照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)光(guang)源，一般采(cai)用白(bai)熾燈(deng)和鹵鎢燈(deng)。 應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)包括備(bei)用照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)、安全照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)和疏散照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。

1、備用(yong)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。指用(yong)于確保正常(chang)活動(dong)繼續進行的照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。應急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)主(zhu)要設置(zhi)在由于工作中(zhong)斷或誤操作容(rong)易引起爆炸、火災和(he)人身傷亡或造成嚴重后(hou)果和(he)經(jing)濟損失(shi)的場所(suo)，如醫(yi)院(yuan)的手術室(shi)和(he)急救(jiu)室(shi)、商(shang)場、體育(yu)館、劇院(yuan)等、變配電室(shi)、消防控制中(zhong)心等。

2、安全(quan)照明。指用于(yu)確保處于(yu)潛在危險之(zhi)中的(de)(de)人員安全(quan)的(de)(de)照明。

3 、疏(shu)散(san)(san)(san)照(zhao)明(ming)。指用(yong)于確保疏(shu)散(san)(san)(san)通(tong)道被有效地辨認和使用(yong)的(de)照(zhao)明(ming)。疏(shu)散(san)(san)(san)照(zhao)明(ming)主要設置在一旦正常照(zhao)明(ming)熄滅或發生火災(zai)，將引起混亂的(de)人員密集的(de)場所，如(ru)賓館(guan)、影劇(ju)院、展(zhan)覽(lan)館(guan)、大(da)型百(bai)貨商場、體育館(guan)、高層建筑的(de)疏(shu)散(san)(san)(san)通(tong)道等(deng)。

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樓梯間消防應急照明設計

1、設計要求

樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)(jian)作為建筑物內部的(de)(de)核心組成部分，不僅是(shi)人流相對(dui)集(ji)中、最易發生意外(wai)的(de)(de)地(di)方而且還承擔應(ying)急疏(shu)散的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)任務。在發生火災或(huo)者是(shi)突(tu)然斷電等情況(kuang)時，樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明將發揮重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)作用因此(ci)應(ying)高度重(zhong)視樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明設(she)(she)計。GB 50016-2014《建筑設(she)(she)計防火規(gui)范》中規(gui)定在封閉式(shi)或(huo)防煙式(shi)的(de)(de)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)(jian)都(dou)應(ying)設(she)(she)置(zhi)消(xiao)防應(ying)急燈具(ju)，并且對(dui)樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)(jian)內的(de)(de)應(ying)急疏(shu)散照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度也有強(qiang)制性要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(一般要(yao)(yao)(yao)求地(di)面的(de)(de)最低水平照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度應(ying)該(gai)高于5.0 lx)。此(ci)外(wai)，消(xiao)防應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明設(she)(she)計過程中需要(yao)(yao)(yao)合理選擇應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明系統供電控制方式(shi)，井應(ying)通過計算方法驗證應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明的(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)度是(shi)否滿足規(gui)范性的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求和標準值的(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)。

（1）燈具種類

隨著相關消防照(zhao)明法規的(de)(de)健全與完善，消防應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)具的(de)(de)種類也(ye)不斷(duan)增多，性能不斷(duan)提高，技(ji)術(shu)不斷(duan)發展。按照(zhao)供電形式劃分，目前常用的(de)(de)消防應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具主要分為2種：

①自(zi)帶電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)。該(gai)類燈(deng)具(ju)是(shi)我國(guo)普諞使(shi)用(yong)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)之(zhi)一，一旦電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)被切(qie)斷(duan)，其自(zi)帶的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)即可供電(dian)(dian)并且每一個燈(deng)具(ju)內部還配有(you)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元器(qi)件，可以(yi)起到變壓、充電(dian)(dian)、穩壓以(yi)及蓄電(dian)(dian)的(de)作用(yong)。當消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照明燈(deng)具(ju)進行(xing)檢修時，可以(yi)去(qu)掉電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)，方便下次正(zheng)常使(shi)用(yong)。自(zi)帶電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)優勢明顯(xian)，供電(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)高(gao)(gao)，轉換速度快(kuai)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞對(dui)燈(deng)具(ju)影響(xiang)相對(dui)較(jiao)小等；其缺點在于投資大，受到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量大小的(de)限制，具(ju)的(de)照明時間比(bi)較(jiao)短(duan)，運行(xing)管理和維護要求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)等。通常情況下，在建筑層次校對(dui)或規模較(jiao)小的(de)建筑物樓梯間，消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)較(jiao)少(shao)，因此(ci)宜(yi)采用(yong)自(zi)帶電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)。

②集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)型應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)。在某些大型建筑工程中(zhong)，集(ji)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)比較受人們的(de)(de)青睞，主(zhu)要原因(yin)在于這種消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)內(nei)沒有(you)獨立的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，當正常照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)被(bei)切斷時，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)來源(yuan)主(zhu)要集(ji)中(zhong)于供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)。這種形(xing)式的(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明系(xi)統(tong)省略(lve)了(le)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)內(nei)部部分復雜(za)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)路，并且可以(yi)在專用(yong)房(fang)間(jian)內(nei)設置集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，一(yi)(yi)旦發生事故(gu)，集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)就會自(zi)動投切。與(yu)自(zi)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)相對比，集(ji)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控(kong)制型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)方便集(ji)中(zhong)管理，用(yong)戶可以(yi)自(zi)行查看用(yong)電(dian)(dian)情況。此(ci)外，該種消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)還具(ju)有(you)進行消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)監督檢查以(yi)及(ji)延長燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)使用(yong)壽命(ming)等優勢，方便維(wei)護和管理。但是(shi)此(ci)種燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)也存(cun)在一(yi)(yi)定缺陷，一(yi)(yi)旦消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)出現(xian)故(gu)障，就會對正常的(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明造成影(ying)響(xiang)。

（2）燈具選擇因素

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選擇應(ying)(ying)(ying)該滿足其安(an)(an)(an)裝場(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水以(yi)及防(fang)(fang)(fang)塵要求。通(tong)常情(qing)況下，一般(ban)民用(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)樓梯(ti)(ti)間消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)選擇要求較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少，沒有(you)規定特殊要求。工(gong)業(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)則不同，其樓梯(ti)(ti)間的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選擇需要按(an)照(zhao)工(gong)業(ye)環境要求進行。環境比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)潮濕時，需要選擇防(fang)(fang)(fang)水等(deng)級較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高或帶(dai)水燈(deng)(deng)頭的(de)(de)開(kai)敞性消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)；在(zai)某些腐蝕(shi)性氣體相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強的(de)(de)場(chang)所(suo)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)選擇抗腐蝕(shi)密閉(bi)型消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)如(ru)果工(gong)業(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)所(suo)在(zai)地的(de)(de)塵埃(ai)相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多，應(ying)(ying)(ying)該選擇帶(dai)有(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)塵裝置(zhi)，且防(fang)(fang)(fang)護等(deng)級適宜的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)；若是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)場(chang)所(suo)臨近易(yi)燃易(yi)爆或者(zhe)易(yi)發(fa)生火災的(de)(de)地方，需要按(an)照(zhao)GB17945-2010《消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)和疏散(san)指(zhi)示系統》等(deng)國家(jia)規定的(de)(de)標準選擇相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)。通(tong)常情(qing)況下普通(tong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)樓梯(ti)(ti)間轉彎平臺(tai)上都應(ying)(ying)(ying)該布(bu)置(zhi)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)或是(shi)人員疏散(san)的(de)(de)指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝有(you)一定的(de)(de)高度限制，一般(ban)可以(yi)將安(an)(an)(an)裝高度控(kong)制在(zai)距離地面高度2m左右，除(chu)此(ci)之外疏散(san)指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝高度般(ban)控(kong)制在(zai)距離地面0.4 m左右。

綜上所述，選擇消防應急照明燈具，充分考(kao)慮建筑(zhu)物功能、性質等方面的因(yin)素。

2、供配電系統分析

（1）設計分析

消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照明(ming)系統(tong)需要(yao)具備獨立(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。獨立(li)照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該和(he)常規照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)分離開(kai)，比(bi)較常見的(de)(de)獨立(li)于(yu)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)線路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)等形(xing)式。因此常用的(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照明(ming)配電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)主要(yao)有(you)3種：一是(shi)以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)作(zuo)為消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，二是(shi)以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池作(zuo)為消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，三是(shi)以自帶自動轉換(huan)裝置的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈作(zuo)為消防(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

以發電(dian)機組(zu)作為消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)電(dian)源(yuan)時，需要(yao)在(zai)配(pei)變電(dian)站(zhan)周圍設計一段(duan)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)母線(xian)，然后使用斷路(lu)器(qi)將低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)母線(xian)和變電(dian)所的低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)母線(xian)進(jin)行連接，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)時從變電(dian)站(zhan)輸出電(dian)。當電(dian)源(yuan)發生(sheng)故障的情況(kuang)下，發電(dian)機就會自行啟(qi)動。應(ying)急(ji)(ji)母線(xian)就會和正常(chang)電(dian)源(yuan)斷開，并采用發電(dian)機供(gong)(gong)電(dian)，電(dian)源(yuan)恢(hui)置正常(chang)后，延緩一段(duan)時間(jian)就會返回到之前的供(gong)(gong)電(dian)狀態。

以(yi)(yi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為消防應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源時(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)選用燈(deng)內自帶的(de)(de)(de)具有自動轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)，并(bing)根據具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)實際情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，將(jiang)常(chang)用照明(ming)(ming)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)進(jin)行分散，不常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)照明(ming)(ming)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)剛無(wu)需(xu)裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)，如果樓梯出(chu)口的(de)(de)(de)標志(zhi)性燈(deng)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)采取集中裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，并(bing)專門管理。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，在給應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)專用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線中，不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)置(zhi)專門的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)線路(lu)。作為應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間一(yi)般(ban)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)短(duan)，因此供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中持續的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間也(ye)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)。相反，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間相對較(jiao)長(chang)，它的(de)(de)(de)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)過程也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)較(jiao)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，在整(zheng)個照明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)計中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)行組臺，然后設(she)(she)置(zhi)自動轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)出(chu)現故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，可以(yi)(yi)直接轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，點亮應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)，幫助人們繼續正常(chang)工作或是(shi)(shi)進(jin)行應(ying)急(ji)疏散，如果不是(shi)(shi)瞬時(shi)(shi)(shi)性的(de)(de)(de)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)間較(jiao)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)就可以(yi)(yi)轉換(huan)(huan)(huan)到發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

如果采(cai)用自動轉換(huan)裝置的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)，可以從常規照(zhao)明箱引(yin)(yin)出單獨回路的(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源，也可以直接從應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源上引(yin)(yin)出，如果回路出現斷電(dian)(dian)情(qing)況時(shi)由電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)就會燃(ran)亮(liang)。

（2）系統要求

樓梯間(jian)(jian)消防應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)的設計需(xu)要(yao)注(zhu)意照明(ming)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)問題，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該使用防火電(dian)(dian)纜和耐熱導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)是(shi)從發電(dian)(dian)機到應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)母線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，從母線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)到應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈以(yi)及由(you)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)蓄電(dian)(dian)池到直急(ji)(ji)燈的線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)。通常情(qing)況下應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)需(xu)要(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設短路(lu)(lu)保護裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。在線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)敷(fu)設過程中(zhong)(zhong)，需(xu)要(yao)將應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)和正(zheng)常照明(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)分(fen)管進行敷(fu)設，兩者之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)不需(xu)要(yao)共(gong)用中(zhong)(zhong)性線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)分(fen)支線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的劃分(fen)需(xu)要(yao)按照防火區(qu)進行劃分(fen)，不同(tong)防火區(qu)的分(fen)支線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)不能出現跨越(yue)。

（3）供電方式

合(he)適的(de)(de)應急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)是供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計中(zhong)的(de)(de)主要(yao)環(huan)節，該環(huan)節的(de)(de)設(she)計過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)需要(yao)綜合(he)考慮到(dao)建筑物的(de)(de)種類(lei)、用(yong)途，建筑物符合(he)的(de)(de)等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)轉換時間等。此(ci)外，消防應急照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)的(de)(de)持續時間以及(ji)應急電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)特點都是供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計中(zhong)需要(yao)重(zhong)點考慮的(de)(de)因素。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)類(lei)別(bie)眾多，因此(ci)可以選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或者(zhe)是全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)作為應急供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，對(dui)于獨(du)立(li)控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)消防應急燈(deng)具，可以將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)直接引到(dao)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)上，采用(yong)專用(yong)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)進(jin)行供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進(jin)行施工或者(zhe)是設(she)計過(guo)程(cheng)時，需要(yao)由(you)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)專用(yong)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)進(jin)行供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和普通照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)連接，避免出現消防應急燈(deng)具發(fa)生(sheng)火災(zai)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。

合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式是(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)環(huan)節(jie)，該環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)過程中需要(yao)綜合(he)考慮到(dao)建筑物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類、用途，建筑物(wu)(wu)符合(he)的(de)(de)(de)等(deng)級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)轉換時(shi)間(jian)等(deng)。此外，消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明的(de)(de)(de)持續時(shi)間(jian)以(yi)及應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點都是(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中需要(yao)重點考慮的(de)(de)(de)因素。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)類別眾多，因此可以(yi)選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中部(bu)分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或者(zhe)是(shi)全部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)作(zuo)為應(ying)急(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。對于獨(du)立(li)控制又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具，可以(yi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)直接(jie)引到(dao)照(zhao)明配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)上，采用專(zhuan)用回(hui)(hui)路(lu)進行(xing)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進行(xing)施工或者(zhe)是(shi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)過程時(shi)，需要(yao)由供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用回(hui)(hui)路(lu)進行(xing)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)普(pu)通照(zhao)明回(hui)(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)，避(bi)免出現(xian)消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具發(fa)生火災的(de)(de)(de)情況。

消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)燈具(ju)(ju)，是消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)中最(zui)為(wei)普遍的(de)(de)(de)一種照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)，應急(ji)時間(jian)長(chang)，具(ju)(ju)有斷(duan)電(dian)自動應急(ji)功能(neng)(neng)。消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)燈具(ju)(ju)有耗電(dian)小、亮度高，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長(chang)等(deng)特點，邊上有電(dian)源開關(guan)和指(zhi)顯燈的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，適合工(gong)廠、酒店、學校(xiao)、單位(wei)等(deng)公共(gong)場所(suo)以備停電(dian)怍應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)之用(yong)。其中，樓梯間(jian)作為(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)內人(ren)員疏散的(de)(de)(de)生命通道以及(ji)人(ren)員流(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)場所(suo)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)加強封消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)及(ji)效(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)重視，對于有強制性(xing)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)，僅憑設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺進行設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，很容(rong)易(yi)出現設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)合格或者是設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)違反(fan)建(jian)筑(zhu)規定的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。因此在消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)應急(ji)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中需(xu)要(yao)(yao)綜合考(kao)慮多方面(mian)因素的(de)(de)(de)影響，本著既(ji)方便實(shi)用(yong)又環保節能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，按照(zhao)(zhao)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體布局進行設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，不(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)夠滿足消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)原則，同時還(huan)能(neng)(neng)夠符(fu)臺合理的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)理念。

樓梯間應急照明安裝規范

1、各單位應在各疏散走道(dao)、出口及樓(lou)梯間設(she)置事故(gu)應急照明燈。

2、事(shi)故照明(ming)燈(deng)宜(yi)設在(zai)墻(qiang)面(mian)或頂棚上。疏(shu)散指示(shi)標(biao)(biao)志宜(yi)放在(zai)太(tai)平(ping)門的頂部或疏(shu)散走道(dao)(dao)及其轉角處距地面(mian)高度(du)一米以下的墻(qiang)面(mian)上，走道(dao)(dao)上的指示(shi)標(biao)(biao)志間(jian)距不宜(yi)大于20m。事(shi)故照明(ming)燈(deng)和疏(shu)散指示(shi)標(biao)(biao)志，應(ying)設玻璃或其他非燃燒材料制作(zuo)的保護罩。

3、事故照(zhao)明燈(deng)宜設在墻面(mian)或(huo)(huo)頂棚上。疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示標志宜放在太平門(men)的(de)頂部或(huo)(huo)疏(shu)(shu)散(san)走道(dao)及其轉角處距地面(mian)高度一米以下的(de)墻面(mian)上，走道(dao)上的(de)指(zhi)示標志間距不宜大(da)于(yu)20m。事故照(zhao)明燈(deng)和疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示標志，應設玻璃或(huo)(huo)其他非(fei)燃燒(shao)材料制作的(de)保護罩。

4、消防應急照明(ming)燈具(ju)和燈光(guang)疏散指示標志的備用電(dian)源的連續供電(dian)時間(jian)不應少(shao)于30min。