樓梯間應急照明分類

應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)指因正(zheng)常照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)失效而啟動的照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)必(bi)須采用能瞬時(shi)可靠點燃的照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)光源，一般采用白熾燈和鹵鎢(wu)燈。 應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)包括備用照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、安全照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)和疏散(san)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。

1、備用(yong)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)。指用(yong)于(yu)確(que)保正(zheng)常活動繼續進行的(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)。應急照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)主要(yao)設置在由于(yu)工作中斷或誤操(cao)作容易引起爆炸、火災和人身傷(shang)亡或造成嚴重后(hou)果和經濟損失的(de)(de)場所，如醫院(yuan)的(de)(de)手術室和急救室、商場、體育館、劇(ju)院(yuan)等(deng)、變配電室、消防控制(zhi)中心等(deng)。

2、安全照(zhao)明。指用(yong)于(yu)確保處于(yu)潛在危險之中(zhong)的人員安全的照(zhao)明。

3 、疏(shu)散(san)照(zhao)明。指用于確保疏(shu)散(san)通(tong)道被有效地辨認和使(shi)用的(de)照(zhao)明。疏(shu)散(san)照(zhao)明主(zhu)要設置在一旦(dan)正常照(zhao)明熄滅或發生火災，將(jiang)引起混亂的(de)人員密集(ji)的(de)場(chang)所(suo)，如(ru)賓館、影劇(ju)院、展覽(lan)館、大型百(bai)貨商場(chang)、體(ti)育館、高層建筑的(de)疏(shu)散(san)通(tong)道等。

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樓梯間消防應急照明設計

1、設計要求

樓梯間作(zuo)為建(jian)筑物內部的核心組(zu)成部分，不僅是(shi)(shi)人流相對集中(zhong)、最(zui)易發生意(yi)外的地方(fang)而且(qie)還承擔應(ying)(ying)急疏散(san)的重要(yao)任務(wu)。在發生火災或者是(shi)(shi)突然斷電等情(qing)況(kuang)時，樓梯間的消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急照明將發揮重要(yao)作(zuo)用因此(ci)應(ying)(ying)高度重視樓梯間的消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急照明設(she)計(ji)。GB 50016-2014《建(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)防(fang)火規范》中(zhong)規定在封(feng)閉式(shi)(shi)或防(fang)煙式(shi)(shi)的樓梯間都應(ying)(ying)設(she)置(zhi)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急燈具，并且(qie)對樓梯間內的應(ying)(ying)急疏散(san)照度也有強制(zhi)(zhi)性要(yao)求(一般(ban)要(yao)求地面的最(zui)低水平照度應(ying)(ying)該高于5.0 lx)。此(ci)外，消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急照明設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)合理選擇(ze)應(ying)(ying)急照明系統供電控制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，井(jing)應(ying)(ying)通過(guo)計(ji)算方(fang)法驗證應(ying)(ying)急照明的照度是(shi)(shi)否滿足規范性的要(yao)求和(he)標(biao)準值的需(xu)要(yao)。

（1）燈具種類

隨(sui)著相關消(xiao)防(fang)照明(ming)法規的(de)健(jian)全與(yu)完善，消(xiao)防(fang)應急照明(ming)燈具的(de)種類也不(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)多，性(xing)能不(bu)斷(duan)提高，技術不(bu)斷(duan)發展。按照供電形式劃(hua)分，目前(qian)常用的(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應急燈具主要分為2種：

①自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源型消防應急燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。該類燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)是我國普(pu)諞(pian)使用的消防應急燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)一，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)源被切斷，其自帶的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)即可供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并且每一個燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)內部還配有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器件，可以(yi)起到變壓、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、穩壓以(yi)及蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的作用。當消防應急照明燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)進行檢(jian)修時，可以(yi)去掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，方便下次正常使用。自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源型消防應急燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)優勢(shi)明顯，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性高(gao)，轉換(huan)速度快(kuai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)損壞對(dui)(dui)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)影響相對(dui)(dui)較(jiao)小等；其缺點(dian)在于投資大(da)(da)，受到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量大(da)(da)小的限制(zhi)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)的照明時間比較(jiao)短，運行管理和維護要求較(jiao)高(gao)等。通常情(qing)況下，在建(jian)(jian)筑層次校(xiao)對(dui)(dui)或(huo)規模較(jiao)小的建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)樓梯間，消防應急燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)較(jiao)少(shao)，因(yin)此宜采(cai)用自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源型消防應急燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。

②集中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)(xing)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)。在某(mou)些大型(xing)(xing)建筑工程(cheng)中(zhong)，集中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)比(bi)較受人們(men)的青睞，主(zhu)要(yao)原因在于(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)內(nei)沒有獨立的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，當正常照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)被切(qie)斷時，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)于(yu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)形式的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明系統(tong)省略了燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)內(nei)部(bu)部(bu)分復(fu)雜的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，并且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在專用(yong)房(fang)間內(nei)設(she)置集中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)，一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)發生事故(gu)，集中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)就會自(zi)(zi)(zi)動投切(qie)。與自(zi)(zi)(zi)帶蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)相(xiang)對(dui)比(bi)，集中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控制型(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)方(fang)便集中(zhong)管理(li)，用(yong)戶可(ke)以(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)行查看(kan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)。此(ci)外，該種(zhong)(zhong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)還具(ju)有進行消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)監督(du)檢查以(yi)(yi)及(ji)延長燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)使用(yong)壽(shou)命等優(you)勢，方(fang)便維(wei)護(hu)和管理(li)。但是此(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)也存在一(yi)(yi)定缺(que)陷，一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)現故(gu)障，就會對(dui)正常的照(zhao)明造成影(ying)響(xiang)。

（2）燈具選擇因素

消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)應(ying)該(gai)滿足其安裝場(chang)(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)以(yi)及防(fang)(fang)塵(chen)要(yao)(yao)求。通常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下，一般(ban)民用建(jian)筑(zhu)樓梯間(jian)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)要(yao)(yao)求較少，沒有規定特殊要(yao)(yao)求。工業建(jian)筑(zhu)則不(bu)同，其樓梯間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)需要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)工業環境要(yao)(yao)求進行。環境比(bi)較潮濕時，需要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)等(deng)級較高或帶(dai)水(shui)燈(deng)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開敞性消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)；在某些腐蝕(shi)性氣(qi)體相對(dui)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)，應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)抗腐蝕(shi)密閉型消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)如果(guo)工業建(jian)筑(zhu)所(suo)在地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)埃相對(dui)較多，應(ying)該(gai)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)帶(dai)有防(fang)(fang)塵(chen)裝置，且防(fang)(fang)護(hu)等(deng)級適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)；若是建(jian)筑(zhu)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)臨近易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)或者(zhe)易(yi)(yi)發生火災的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，需要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)GB17945-2010《消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明和疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指示(shi)系統》等(deng)國家規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)。通常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下普通建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓梯間(jian)轉彎平臺上都應(ying)該(gai)布置消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明燈(deng)或是人員疏(shu)(shu)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指示(shi)燈(deng)。消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)(du)限制(zhi)(zhi)，一般(ban)可以(yi)將安裝高度(du)(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在距離地面高度(du)(du)2m左(zuo)右，除(chu)此之外(wai)疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指示(shi)燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝高度(du)(du)般(ban)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在距離地面0.4 m左(zuo)右。

綜上所述(shu)，選擇消防(fang)應急照明燈具，充(chong)分考慮(lv)建(jian)筑物功能、性質等方面的因(yin)素。

2、供配電系統分析

（1）設計分析

消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)系統需要具備(bei)獨(du)(du)立(li)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。獨(du)(du)立(li)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)該和常(chang)(chang)規照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)分離開(kai)，比較常(chang)(chang)見的獨(du)(du)立(li)于饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)有(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)等形式。因此常(chang)(chang)用的消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統主要有(you)3種：一(yi)是以發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組作為消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，二是以蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池作為消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，三是以自帶自動轉換裝置的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈作為消防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

以發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組作為(wei)消防應(ying)急照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)，需要在配變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站周(zhou)圍(wei)設(she)計一段低(di)壓應(ying)急母線(xian)，然(ran)后使用斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)將低(di)壓應(ying)急母線(xian)和變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所的低(di)壓母線(xian)進行(xing)連接，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)從變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發生(sheng)故障的情況下，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機就會自行(xing)啟動。應(ying)急母線(xian)就會和正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)斷(duan)開(kai)，并采用發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)恢置正常后，延緩一段時(shi)間就會返回到之前(qian)的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態。

以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為消防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)源時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)選用(yong)(yong)燈內(nei)自帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)具有自動(dong)轉(zhuan)換裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈，并根據(ju)具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情(qing)況(kuang)，將(jiang)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)照(zhao)(zhao)明裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝設(she)(she)開(kai)關(guan)進行(xing)分散，不(bu)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明裝置(zhi)剛無需(xu)裝設(she)(she)開(kai)關(guan)，如(ru)果(guo)樓梯(ti)出口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志性(xing)燈需(xu)要(yao)裝設(she)(she)開(kai)關(guan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，需(xu)要(yao)采取集中(zhong)裝設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，并專(zhuan)門管理。需(xu)要(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，在給(gei)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈浮充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)中(zhong)，不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)設(she)(she)置(zhi)專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)線(xian)路(lu)。作為應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間一(yi)般(ban)比較短，因此供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)持續的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間也是(shi)(shi)比較短的(de)(de)(de)(de)。相反，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間相對較長(chang)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換過程也需(xu)要(yao)較長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間。所以(yi)，在整個(ge)照(zhao)(zhao)明設(she)(she)計中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)將(jiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)進行(xing)組臺，然后設(she)(she)置(zhi)自動(dong)轉(zhuan)換的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間，在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)出現故(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)直接轉(zhuan)換到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，點亮應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈，幫(bang)助人們繼續正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)工作或是(shi)(shi)進行(xing)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)疏散，如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)瞬時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)停電(dian)(dian)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間較長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)轉(zhuan)換到發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)。

如果(guo)采用(yong)自(zi)動轉換(huan)裝置的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)應急燈(deng)(deng)，可以(yi)從常規照明箱引出(chu)單(dan)獨(du)回(hui)路的應急照明電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，也可以(yi)直接從應急照明電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上引出(chu)，如果(guo)回(hui)路出(chu)現斷電(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)時(shi)由電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)的應急燈(deng)(deng)就會燃亮。

（2）系統要求

樓梯間(jian)消防應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)的(de)設(she)(she)計需(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意照明(ming)(ming)配電線(xian)路(lu)問題，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)線(xian)路(lu)中應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)使用(yong)防火電纜(lan)和(he)耐熱導(dao)線(xian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)線(xian)路(lu)是從發電機到(dao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)配電母線(xian)，從母線(xian)到(dao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)以及由集(ji)中裝(zhuang)蓄電池到(dao)直急(ji)燈(deng)的(de)線(xian)路(lu)。通(tong)常(chang)情況下應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)配電線(xian)路(lu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)短路(lu)保護裝(zhuang)置。在線(xian)路(lu)敷(fu)設(she)(she)過程(cheng)中，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)將應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)線(xian)路(lu)和(he)正(zheng)常(chang)照明(ming)(ming)線(xian)路(lu)分(fen)管進行(xing)敷(fu)設(she)(she)，兩者之間(jian)不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)共用(yong)中性線(xian)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)分(fen)支線(xian)的(de)劃分(fen)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)按(an)照防火區(qu)進行(xing)劃分(fen)，不同防火區(qu)的(de)分(fen)支線(xian)路(lu)之間(jian)不能(neng)出(chu)現跨越(yue)。

（3）供電方式

合適的(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式是供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)中的(de)(de)主要(yao)環節，該環節的(de)(de)設計(ji)過程中需要(yao)綜合考(kao)慮到建筑物(wu)的(de)(de)種類(lei)(lei)、用途，建筑物(wu)符合的(de)(de)等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)轉換時間等。此外，消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明(ming)的(de)(de)持續時間以及應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)特點都是供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)中需要(yao)重點考(kao)慮的(de)(de)因素(su)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)類(lei)(lei)別眾(zhong)多，因此可以選(xuan)擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或(huo)者是全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)作(zuo)為應(ying)急(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，對于獨立控制(zhi)又自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具，可以將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)直接(jie)引到照明(ming)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)上，采用專(zhuan)用回路進行供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在進行施工或(huo)者是設計(ji)過程時，需要(yao)由供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)用回路進行供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，禁止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和普(pu)通照明(ming)回路的(de)(de)連接(jie)，避免出現消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具發生(sheng)火災的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。

合適(shi)的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)方式是(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)中的主要環(huan)節，該環(huan)節的設(she)(she)計(ji)過程中需(xu)要綜合考慮到建(jian)筑(zhu)物的種類、用(yong)途，建(jian)筑(zhu)物符合的等級(ji)，電(dian)(dian)源的轉換(huan)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)等。此(ci)(ci)外，消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)的持續時(shi)間(jian)(jian)以(yi)及應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)源的特點都是(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)中需(xu)要重點考慮的因(yin)素(su)。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)源類別眾多(duo)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)可以(yi)選擇電(dian)(dian)源中部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)源或者是(shi)(shi)全部電(dian)(dian)源作(zuo)為應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源。對(dui)于(yu)獨立控制(zhi)又自帶電(dian)(dian)源的消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具，可以(yi)將電(dian)(dian)源直接引(yin)到照明(ming)配電(dian)(dian)箱上，采用(yong)專用(yong)回路(lu)(lu)進行(xing)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)。在進行(xing)施工或者是(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)過程時(shi)，需(xu)要由供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)箱的專用(yong)回路(lu)(lu)進行(xing)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，禁止電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和普通照明(ming)回路(lu)(lu)的連接，避免出現消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈具發生火災的情(qing)況。

消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)，是消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)中(zhong)最為(wei)普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種照(zhao)明(ming)工(gong)具(ju)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)時(shi)間長，具(ju)有斷電自動(dong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)功能(neng)。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)有耗(hao)電小、亮度高，使用壽命長等特點(dian)，邊上有電源開關和指顯燈的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，適(shi)合(he)工(gong)廠、酒店、學(xue)校、單(dan)位等公共(gong)場(chang)所以備停電怍應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)之用。其(qi)中(zhong)，樓梯間作為(wei)建(jian)筑內人員疏散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命通道以及人員流(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)場(chang)所，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強封消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)及效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視，對(dui)于有強制性要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)，僅憑(ping)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺進(jin)行(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，很容易出現設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)不合(he)格或者是設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)違反建(jian)筑規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。因(yin)此在(zai)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)照(zhao)明(ming)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)綜合(he)考慮多(duo)方面因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，本著既方便實用又環保(bao)節能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，按照(zhao)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體布局進(jin)行(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，不僅能(neng)夠滿(man)足(zu)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，同時(shi)還能(neng)夠符臺合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)理(li)念。

樓梯間應急照明安裝規范

1、各單位應在各疏散(san)走道、出口及樓梯間設置事故應急照(zhao)明燈。

2、事(shi)故(gu)照明(ming)燈宜(yi)設在墻面(mian)(mian)或(huo)頂棚上(shang)。疏散(san)指(zhi)示標志宜(yi)放在太平門的(de)頂部(bu)或(huo)疏散(san)走道(dao)及其(qi)轉角處距地面(mian)(mian)高度一米以下的(de)墻面(mian)(mian)上(shang)，走道(dao)上(shang)的(de)指(zhi)示標志間距不宜(yi)大(da)于20m。事(shi)故(gu)照明(ming)燈和疏散(san)指(zhi)示標志，應設玻璃或(huo)其(qi)他非燃(ran)燒材料制作(zuo)的(de)保護罩。

3、事(shi)故照明(ming)燈宜設在(zai)墻面(mian)或頂(ding)棚上(shang)。疏(shu)散指示(shi)標志宜放在(zai)太平門的(de)(de)頂(ding)部或疏(shu)散走(zou)道及其(qi)轉角處距地面(mian)高度一米以下的(de)(de)墻面(mian)上(shang)，走(zou)道上(shang)的(de)(de)指示(shi)標志間距不宜大于20m。事(shi)故照明(ming)燈和疏(shu)散指示(shi)標志，應設玻璃或其(qi)他非燃(ran)燒材料制(zhi)作的(de)(de)保護罩。

4、消(xiao)防應(ying)急照明燈(deng)具和燈(deng)光疏散指示標志的(de)備用電(dian)源的(de)連(lian)續供電(dian)時(shi)間不應(ying)少(shao)于(yu)30min。