一、什么是高壓汞燈
高壓(ya)汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)俗(su)稱高壓(ya)水銀(yin)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),是(shi)指由石英(ying)電(dian)(dian)弧管(guan),外泡(pao)殼(ke)(通常內(nei)涂熒光粉(fen)),金屬支(zhi)架,電(dian)(dian)阻件(jian)和(he)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)頭組(zu)成,以(yi)電(dian)(dian)弧管(guan)為(wei)核心元件(jian),內(nei)充汞(gong)與惰性氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具。放電(dian)(dian)時,內(nei)部汞(gong)蒸氣(qi)壓(ya)為(wei)2-15個大氣(qi)壓(ya)(51~507kPa),因此(ci)稱為(wei)高壓(ya)汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。高壓(ya)汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),應用了先(xian)進的(de)制(zhi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)工藝(yi),使高壓(ya)汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)光效更高,壽(shou)命更長。發白光,色溫(wen)4100K左右(you),而且(qie)經(jing)濟實惠,被廣(guang)泛應用于室內(nei)外的(de)工業照(zhao)明,道(dao)路照(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)領域。
二、高壓水銀燈的特點有哪些
1、結構簡單,成(cheng)本低(di),維修費用少。
2、比(bi)一般燈壽命更長,省電經(jing)濟。
3、發白(bai)光(guang),光(guang)效(xiao)長(chang)。
4、啟動時間比(bi)較長,通常需要4-10分鐘。
5、二次啟動(dong)需(xu)要等(deng)燈體冷卻。
6、常用于廣場(chang)、街(jie)道(dao)的(de)照明。
三、高壓汞燈的種類有哪些
1、紫外線高壓汞燈
紫外線(xian)高(gao)壓汞(gong)(gong)燈(deng)既能夠發(fa)出可見光,也能發(fa)出紫外線(xian),這種高(gao)壓汞(gong)(gong)燈(deng)在保健(jian)、消毒等工作方面用得(de)較多,不用于日常(chang)照明。
2、熒光高壓汞燈
熒(ying)光(guang)高壓(ya)汞燈(deng),是利用(yong)在(zai)外(wai)殼(ke)上涂多一層熒(ying)光(guang)粉(fen),讓(rang)(rang)不(bu)可(ke)見光(guang)轉化為可(ke)見光(guang),提高了光(guang)效,讓(rang)(rang)燈(deng)光(guang)更加明亮,最合(he)適(shi)在(zai)室外(wai)、街道、廠房等比(bi)較空曠的地方使(shi)用(yong)。我國的街道照明路燈(deng)主(zhu)要就(jiu)是采用(yong)熒(ying)光(guang)高壓(ya)汞燈(deng)。
3、自鎮流高壓汞燈
自鎮流高壓汞燈(deng)(deng)(deng)是把鎢絲(si)封入燈(deng)(deng)(deng)殼內,成為高壓汞燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)鎮流器,增加等的(de)亮度和壽命,因(yin)為這種燈(deng)(deng)(deng)光效較(jiao)低,常在室(shi)內使用。
4、超高壓汞燈
超高(gao)壓(ya)汞燈常用于光(guang)學儀器、制版上(shang)。燈開啟時,汞蒸氣壓(ya)力(li)可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到10133~20265Kpa,發光(guang)亮度強,市面上(shang)的液晶投影儀很多都是采用超高(gao)壓(ya)汞燈。
四、高壓汞燈工作原理是什么
有(you)(you)玻璃外殼的(de)高壓汞燈(deng)通常(chang)用輔助(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)幫助(zhu)(zhu)啟動,輔助(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)通過一只40~60千歐的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻R與不相鄰(lin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)相連(lian)接。當燈(deng)接入電(dian)(dian)網后,輔助(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)與相鄰(lin)的(de)主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)之間加有(you)(you)交流(liu)220伏的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓,這(zhe)兩(liang)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的(de)距離很近(jin),通常(chang)只有(you)(you)2~3毫米,所以它(ta)們之間有(you)(you)很強的(de)電(dian)(dian)場。
在(zai)此強電(dian)場的作用(yong)下,兩電(dian)極(ji)之間的氣體被擊穿,發生輝光放電(dian),放電(dian)電(dian)流由電(dian)阻R所限制,注意,如(ru)R過(guo)小會使電(dian)極(ji)燒壞。
主電(dian)(dian)極和相鄰輔助(zhu)電(dian)(dian)極之間(jian)的輝光放電(dian)(dian)產生了大量的電(dian)(dian)子(zi)和離子(zi),這些(xie)帶電(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)向(xiang)兩主電(dian)(dian)極間(jian)擴散,使主電(dian)(dian)極之間(jian)產生放電(dian)(dian),并很(hen)快過渡到(dao)兩主電(dian)(dian)極之間(jian)的弧光放電(dian)(dian)。
在燈點(dian)燃的初始(shi)階(jie)段,是低氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)的汞(gong)蒸氣(qi)和(he)氫氣(qi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian),這時管(guan)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)得很低,約25伏左右;放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流很大,約為5~6安培,稱為啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。低壓(ya)(ya)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時放(fang)出的熱量使管(guan)壁溫度升高,汞(gong)逐漸汽(qi)化(hua),汞(gong)蒸氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)燈管(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸升高,電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧開(kai)(kai)始(shi)收縮,放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)逐步向高氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過渡(du)。當(dang)汞(gong)全部蒸發后,管(guan)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)穩定,進入穩定的高壓(ya)(ya)汞(gong)蒸氣(qi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
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