一、電容器是什么元件

電容器是儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)能（電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能）的(de)元(yuan)件。一個(ge)(ge)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)被(bei)另(ling)一個(ge)(ge)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)所包圍，或者由一個(ge)(ge)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)發出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場線全部終止在另(ling)一個(ge)(ge)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)的(de)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)系，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)兩個(ge)(ge)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)之間(jian)加上電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器就(jiu)會儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)在數(shu)值(zhi)上等于(yu)一個(ge)(ge)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)量(liang)(liang)與兩個(ge)(ge)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓之比。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)基本單位(wei)是法拉（F）。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖中通常(chang)用字母C表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件。

電容(rong)器是電子(zi)設備中大量(liang)使(shi)用的電子(zi)元件之(zhi)一，所以被廣泛應用于隔直(zhi)、耦(ou)合、旁(pang)路、濾(lv)波、調諧回路、能量(liang)轉換或儲能、控(kong)制電路等方面。隨(sui)著(zhu)新材料，新技術的出現，大容(rong)量(liang)的電容(rong)可(ke)能會代(dai)替可(ke)充電電池，而廣泛應用于各個領域。

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二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器主要(yao)分為(wei)以下10類(lei)：

1、按照結構分三大(da)類：固(gu)定(ding)電容器(qi)、可變電容器(qi)和微調電容器(qi)。

2、按電(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)分類：有機介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、無機介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和空氣介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)等。

3、按用途分(fen)有(you)：高(gao)(gao)頻旁(pang)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、低(di)頻旁(pang)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、調諧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、高(gao)(gao)頻耦合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、低(di)頻耦合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、小型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

4、按制(zhi)造材料的不同可以分為：瓷(ci)介電(dian)容(rong)、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)、鉭電(dian)容(rong)，還有先進的聚丙烯(xi)電(dian)容(rong)等(deng)等(deng)。

5、高(gao)頻旁路(lu)：陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、云母(mu)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃膜電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、滌綸電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、玻(bo)璃釉電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)。

6、低頻旁路：紙介(jie)電容(rong)器(qi)、陶瓷電容(rong)器(qi)、鋁電解電容(rong)器(qi)、滌綸電容(rong)器(qi)。

7、濾波：鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器(qi)、紙介電(dian)容器(qi)、復合紙介電(dian)容器(qi)、液體(ti)鉭(tan)電(dian)容器(qi)。

8、調諧：陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容器(qi)、云母電(dian)容器(qi)、玻璃膜(mo)電(dian)容器(qi)、聚苯乙烯電(dian)容器(qi)。

9、低耦合：紙介電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、滌綸電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、固體鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。

10、小型(xing)電(dian)(dian)容：金(jin)屬化紙介(jie)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、聚(ju)苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、固體(ti)鉭電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、玻(bo)璃(li)釉電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、金(jin)屬化滌綸(lun)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、聚(ju)丙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)、云(yun)母電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。