一、電源管理和電源控制的區別在哪里

電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理之間的區(qu)別(bie)，是關(guan)于(yu)數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)討論中(zhong)的關(guan)鍵概(gai)念。使(shi)用(yong)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)”術語來(lai)強調電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)系統內部(bu)的控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能，尤其是個體(ti)內部(bu)能量(liang)流的循環(huan)管理。這(zhe)一(yi)定義包含了反饋回路和內部(bu)管理維持功(gong)(gong)能。功(gong)(gong)率控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能在與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)的開關(guan)頻率實時監控(kong)中(zhong)起到(dao)作(zuo)用(yong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)類型的控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能可以由模擬或(huo)者數字技(ji)術實現，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)系統無論采用(yong)哪種(zhong)方式(shi)，呈現給(gei)最終(zhong)用(yong)戶的表現是基本一(yi)致的。這(zhe)就是說(shuo)，數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)要求最終(zhong)用(yong)戶做任何改變和新的設計。

相應的，“電源管理”是(shi)關(guan)(guan)于一個或多個電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)外的通訊(xun)和控(kong)制。包括電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)配(pei)置，單個電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)統(tong)的監(jian)(jian)控(kong)，以及(ji)故障監(jian)(jian)測信息傳送等。電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理功能不是(shi)實時(shi)的，它們在(zai)一定的時(shi)間(jian)范圍內起作用(yong)，要慢于電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)統(tong)的開關(guan)(guan)頻率(lv)。目前，這(zhe)些(xie)功能都趨于將模(mo)擬和數(shu)(shu)字技(ji)術(shu)結合。例如，電阻器通常用(yong)于調整輸出電壓，而給每個電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)統(tong)的電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)排(pai)序則(ze)需要專線(xian)控(kong)制。按照愛立信的定義，數(shu)(shu)字電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理意味著這(zhe)些(xie)功能全部使用(yong)數(shu)(shu)字技(ji)術(shu)。此外，簡化(hua)互(hu)連方式應(ying)用(yong)在(zai)某些(xie)類型的數(shu)(shu)據通信母線(xian)結構，優于在(zai)每個電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)間(jian)使用(yong)多種(zhong)定制的互(hu)連手段進行排(pai)序和偵錯。

二、電源管理有什么特點

電(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理的特點(dian)是高效(xiao)能、低功(gong)耗、智能化(hua)。

提(ti)高效(xiao)能涉及兩個(ge)不同方面(mian)的內容(rong)：一方面(mian)想要保持能量轉換(huan)的綜合效(xiao)率，同時(shi)還希望減小設備的尺寸；另一方面(mian)是保護尺寸不變，大幅度提(ti)高效(xiao)能。

在交流(liu)/直流(liu)（AC/DC）變換中，低的(de)(de)通態(tai)電(dian)阻，符合計(ji)算(suan)機和電(dian)信應用中更加高(gao)效適(shi)配器(qi)和電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)需(xu)要。在電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)路設(she)計(ji)方面，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)待機能耗(hao)已經降到1W以下，并可(ke)將電(dian)源(yuan)效率提高(gao)至90%以上。要進一(yi)(yi)步降低現有待機能耗(hao)，則需(xu)要有新的(de)(de)IC制造工藝技術(shu)及在低功耗(hao)電(dian)路設(she)計(ji)方面的(de)(de)突破。

越來(lai)越多(duo)(duo)(duo)的系統會需要多(duo)(duo)(duo)輸出(chu)穩(wen)壓器。例如(ru)帶多(duo)(duo)(duo)輸出(chu)和(he)電源通路控制的鋰(li)離(li)子充(chong)電電池，多(duo)(duo)(duo)輸出(chu)DC/DC轉換器和(he)具有動態可(ke)調輸出(chu)電壓的開關穩(wen)壓器等。

上世紀80年代，提出(chu)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)制造中電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)概念，明確(que)了集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)化(hua)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)(shu)未來(lai)發展的方(fang)向(xiang)，是(shi)解決(jue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)(shu)發展面臨障礙的最有希望(wang)的出(chu)路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)逐步成(cheng)為功(gong)率半導(dao)體(ti)器件中的主導(dao)器件，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)(shu)推向(xiang)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理的新時代。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)分成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調整器和(he)接口電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)兩(liang)方(fang)面。正是(shi)因為這(zhe)么多的集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)（IC）進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)領域，人們才更(geng)多地以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理來(lai)稱呼(hu)現(xian)階段的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)(shu)。