一、電源管理和電源控制的區別在哪里
電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理之間的(de)(de)區別,是關于數字(zi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)討論(lun)(lun)中的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)概念。使用(yong)“電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)”術(shu)語(yu)來強調電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)系統內(nei)(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng),尤其是個體內(nei)(nei)部(bu)能(neng)量(liang)流的(de)(de)循環管(guan)(guan)理。這(zhe)一(yi)定義包含了反饋(kui)回路和內(nei)(nei)部(bu)管(guan)(guan)理維(wei)持功(gong)能(neng)。功(gong)率控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)在與電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)開關頻率實(shi)時監控(kong)(kong)(kong)中起到(dao)作(zuo)用(yong)。這(zhe)種類型的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)可以由模擬或者數字(zi)技術(shu)實(shi)現,電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)系統無論(lun)(lun)采(cai)用(yong)哪種方式(shi),呈(cheng)現給最終用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)表現是基(ji)本一(yi)致的(de)(de)。這(zhe)就是說,數字(zi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)使用(yong)不要求最終用(yong)戶(hu)做任何改變和新的(de)(de)設計。
相應的,“電源管理”是關于(yu)(yu)(yu)一個(ge)(ge)或多個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)源供應系統(tong)(tong)之外的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)訊和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。包括電(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)(tong)配置,單個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)源供應系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)(kong),以(yi)及故障監測信息傳送等。電(dian)(dian)源管理功(gong)能不是實時的(de)(de)(de)(de),它們(men)在一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)范圍內起作用,要慢于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)源供應系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開關頻率。目(mu)前,這些功(gong)能都趨于(yu)(yu)(yu)將(jiang)模擬和(he)數(shu)(shu)字技術(shu)結合。例(li)如,電(dian)(dian)阻器通(tong)常用于(yu)(yu)(yu)調整輸出電(dian)(dian)壓,而給(gei)每個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)源供應系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源排序則需要專線控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。按照(zhao)愛立信的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義,數(shu)(shu)字電(dian)(dian)源管理意(yi)味著這些功(gong)能全部(bu)使(shi)用數(shu)(shu)字技術(shu)。此外,簡化(hua)互(hu)連方式(shi)應用在某些類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)通(tong)信母線結構(gou),優于(yu)(yu)(yu)在每個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)源供應系統(tong)(tong)之間(jian)使(shi)用多種定(ding)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)互(hu)連手段進行排序和(he)偵錯(cuo)。
二、電源管理有什么特點
電源管理的(de)特點是(shi)高效能、低功耗、智能化。
提高(gao)效能涉及兩個不同方面的內容:一方面想(xiang)要保(bao)持能量轉換的綜合(he)效率,同時還希(xi)望(wang)減小設備的尺(chi)寸;另一方面是保(bao)護尺(chi)寸不變,大幅度提高(gao)效能。
在交流(liu)/直流(liu)(AC/DC)變換中(zhong),低(di)的通態電(dian)阻(zu),符(fu)合計(ji)算機和電(dian)信應用中(zhong)更(geng)加(jia)高效(xiao)適配器和電(dian)源的需要(yao)(yao)。在電(dian)源電(dian)路設計(ji)方面,一般待機能耗(hao)已經(jing)降到(dao)1W以下,并可將(jiang)電(dian)源效(xiao)率提高至90%以上。要(yao)(yao)進(jin)一步降低(di)現有(you)待機能耗(hao),則需要(yao)(yao)有(you)新的IC制造工藝技(ji)術及在低(di)功(gong)耗(hao)電(dian)路設計(ji)方面的突破(po)。
越來越多的(de)系(xi)統會(hui)需要(yao)多輸(shu)出(chu)穩壓(ya)器(qi)。例如帶(dai)多輸(shu)出(chu)和電源通路控制的(de)鋰離子充電電池(chi),多輸(shu)出(chu)DC/DC轉(zhuan)換器(qi)和具(ju)有動態可調輸(shu)出(chu)電壓(ya)的(de)開關穩壓(ya)器(qi)等。
上世紀(ji)80年代(dai),提出(chu)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)制造(zao)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)集(ji)成概(gai)念,明確了集(ji)成化是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術(shu)(shu)未來發展(zhan)的(de)方向,是解決電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術(shu)(shu)發展(zhan)面臨障礙(ai)的(de)最有希望的(de)出(chu)路。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路逐(zhu)步(bu)成為功率(lv)半(ban)導體器(qi)件中(zhong)的(de)主導器(qi)件,把電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)(shu)推(tui)向了電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理的(de)新時代(dai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路分成電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調整器(qi)和接口電(dian)(dian)(dian)路兩(liang)方面。正(zheng)是因為這么多的(de)集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(IC)進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)領域,人們(men)才(cai)更多地以電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理來稱呼現階段(duan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)(shu)。