一、白熾燈應急照明線路

白熾燈應急照明線路如圖1-1-1所示。當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)正(zheng)常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，220V的(de)(de)交流市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C1壓，再經(jing)二極管(guan)VD1的(de)(de)半整流和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C2的(de)(de)濾波后(hou)，以約90mA的(de)(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。與此同時，因為晶體管(guan)VT1基極加上正(zheng)偏壓而處于(yu)導(dao)通(tong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，使VT2處于(yu)截(jie)(jie)止狀(zhuang)態(tai)，燈(deng)泡EL不亮。一(yi)旦市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晶體管(guan)VT1由導(dao)通(tong)變(bian)成截(jie)(jie)止，VT2由截(jie)(jie)止變(bian)成導(dao)通(tong)，燈(deng)泡點亮。二極管(guan)VD2的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)(he)VT1的(de)(de)基極，保證市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)停，VT1轉向截(jie)(jie)止。市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，VT1導(dao)通(tong)，EL熄滅，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路復(fu)位。

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圖1-1-1中的EL為6.3V、0.15A的小燈泡，電(dian)池可用(yong)4節1號(hao)電(dian)池，也(ye)可用(yong)6V蓄(xu)電(dian)池。

二、熒光燈應急照明線路

熒光(guang)燈(deng)應(ying)急照明線路如圖1-1-2所(suo)示。晶(jing)體管VT與(yu)變壓器T的(de)一次繞(rao)組構成電感三點(dian)式(shi)振(zhen)蕩(dang)器，將蓄電池的(de)交流電壓經變壓器的(de)升壓作用，在L3上得(de)到較高的(de)交流電壓，從(cong)而點(dian)亮8W熒光(guang)燈(deng)，作為應(ying)急燈(deng)使用。

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電阻(zu)R為晶體(ti)管VT的基極偏置電阻(zu)，適當調整它可改(gai)變逆(ni)變輸出(chu)功率。

制(zhi)作時(shi)，變(bian)壓器的磁芯可(ke)用電視機的行輸出變(bian)壓器的磁芯，L1用Φ0.35mm漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)40圈，L2用Φ0.35mm漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)40圈，L3用Φ0.16mm漆(qi)(qi)包(bao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)繞(rao)300圈。晶體(ti)管(guan)VT選用3DD15A，電阻阻值為1kΩ左右，功(gong)率(lv)為1/8W。

三、消防應急燈線路

消(xiao)(xiao)防應急(ji)燈線路(lu)如圖1-1-3所示。該(gai)線路(lu)被廣泛安裝于(yu)公共場所的走廊、消(xiao)(xiao)防通道內，屬于(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)防專用(yong)設備。其工作原理如下。

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1、燈(deng)光(guang)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)：由VT3、VT4、VT5、VT7和按(an)鈕(niu)SB2、SB3構成燈(deng)光(guang)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在(zai)無(wu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，按(an)一(yi)下按(an)鈕(niu)SB2（開），VT5飽和導(dao)(dao)通，VT5的(de)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過R12使VT7維持導(dao)(dao)通；VD11反(fan)向擊穿工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)穩壓(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)態；VT5的(de)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)給VT3、VT4提供偏置電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)使其(qi)導(dao)(dao)通，EL1、EL2點亮。當按(an)一(yi)下按(an)鈕(niu)SB3（關）時(shi)，VT7截止，VT5不(bu)具(ju)備導(dao)(dao)通條件，燈(deng)熄滅。

當有(you)市電供電時(shi)，外接電源經VD9使(shi)VD7反(fan)向截(jie)止．VT5無法導(dao)通，按鈕(niu)SB2和(he)(he)SB3都(dou)不能控(kong)制燈EL1、EL2的開和(he)(he)關。

停電(dian)(dian)后(hou)二(er)極管飽和導(dao)通，構成點(dian)燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)條(tiao)件，EL1、EL2點(dian)亮；來電(dian)(dian)后(hou)VD7負極電(dian)(dian)位變高又反向截止，VT5截止，燈(deng)滅（起到自動控制的作(zuo)用）。點(dian)燈(deng)控制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中VD7、VT7通過R6工作(zuo)在臨(lin)界狀態(tai)，按鈕SB2、SB3只起到觸(chu)發(fa)作(zuo)用。

2、電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)電(dian)路：外接(jie)電(dian)源VT2、VT6、R8、VD10對電(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)恒流充電(dian)。當(dang)有外接(jie)電(dian)源供電(dian)時，充電(dian)電(dian)流經R8、VD10向(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)，且使充電(dian)指示燈VL3點亮。

3、電(dian)源電(dian)路：220V交流(liu)電(dian)壓經變壓器變壓、整(zheng)流(liu)濾波，由VT1集電(dian)極輸出4.6V直流(liu)電(dian)壓，主要(yao)提供給電(dian)路供電(dian)源充電(dian)，并(bing)經R9使VL1發光指示。

4、驗電路(lu)：當按住試驗按鈕(niu)SB1不(bu)放時(shi)，VT1截止。VD7負(fu)載電位變低而正偏導通，使VD5導通，滿足點燈(deng)條件，VL1、VL2點亮(liang)；松開按鈕(niu)SB1燈(deng)隨即熄滅。試驗電路(lu)的作用(yong)是測試點燈(deng)電路(lu)是否正常(chang)。

5、 障顯示(shi)(shi)電路：由VD13、VT8、R17和VD11組(zu)成(cheng)故障顯示(shi)(shi)電路，如果外接電源電壓過高使VT8導通(tong)，VL2點(dian)亮，指示(shi)(shi)過電壓故障。

四、消防應急燈接線方式

消防應急燈(deng)具線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)鋪設(she)(she)按規定(ding)應設(she)(she)置(zhi)專用線(xian)(xian)路(lu)，不應該與常用的(de)照明(ming)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)共用一條電源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)，并(bing)且在(zai)專用的(de)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中間不應設(she)(she)置(zhi)開關(guan)。

二線制和三線制型(xing)的消防(fang)應急燈具可統一使用(yong)一條專(zhuan)用(yong)的消防(fang)應急專(zhuan)用(yong)電源線。消防(fang)應急燈具專(zhuan)用(yong)電源的設置應和相應的防(fang)火規范相結(jie)合(he)。

消(xiao)防應急電源與燈具分開放(fang)置的，其(qi)電氣連接(jie)應采用耐高溫的電源線，以滿足(zu)防火要求，提高防護等級。

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二線制

二(er)線制的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防應急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)接線方式是專用(yong)消(xiao)(xiao)防應急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)常用(yong)接法，適用(yong)在應急燈(deng)(deng)平時不作照明(ming)使用(yong)，或24小時持續照明(ming)使用(yong)。（CED標志燈(deng)(deng)就屬于此種類）消(xiao)(xiao)防應急燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)在遇到突發性(xing)的(de)停電(dian)后，應急燈(deng)(deng)會自動點(dian)亮，提供照明(ming)光源；

三線制

三線(xian)制的消防應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)接線(xian)方(fang)式為(wei)較常(chang)用的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈接線(xian)方(fang)法(fa)，可(ke)對應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)平時照明狀態的開或關進行人為(wei)的控制，當遇到供(gong)電電源(yuan)突然停(ting)電的情況下，不論設置(zhi)的開關處于何種狀態，應(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈都(dou)會立(li)即點亮應(ying)(ying)急(ji)，提(ti)供(gong)光源(yuan)，維持(chi)照明。