一、白熾燈應急照明線路

白熾燈應急照明線路如(ru)圖1-1-1所示。當市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，220V的(de)交流市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C1壓(ya)(ya)，再經(jing)二(er)極(ji)管VD1的(de)半整流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C2的(de)濾波后，以約90mA的(de)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。與此同時，因為晶(jing)體管VT1基極(ji)加(jia)上正偏壓(ya)(ya)而處于(yu)導(dao)(dao)通狀態，使VT2處于(yu)截(jie)止(zhi)狀態，燈(deng)泡(pao)EL不亮(liang)。一旦(dan)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晶(jing)體管VT1由(you)導(dao)(dao)通變(bian)成截(jie)止(zhi)，VT2由(you)截(jie)止(zhi)變(bian)成導(dao)(dao)通，燈(deng)泡(pao)點(dian)亮(liang)。二(er)極(ji)管VD2的(de)作用是隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和VT1的(de)基極(ji)，保證市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一停(ting)，VT1轉向截(jie)止(zhi)。市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，VT1導(dao)(dao)通，EL熄(xi)滅，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路復位。

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圖1-1-1中的EL為6.3V、0.15A的小燈泡，電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)用4節(jie)1號電(dian)(dian)池，也可(ke)用6V蓄電(dian)(dian)池。

二、熒光燈應急照明線路

熒光(guang)燈應(ying)急照明線路如(ru)圖1-1-2所示(shi)。晶體管VT與變壓(ya)器T的(de)一次(ci)繞(rao)組構(gou)成電(dian)感(gan)三點式(shi)振蕩(dang)器，將(jiang)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)交流電(dian)壓(ya)經變壓(ya)器的(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)作(zuo)用，在(zai)L3上(shang)得到(dao)較高的(de)交流電(dian)壓(ya)，從而點亮8W熒光(guang)燈，作(zuo)為應(ying)急燈使用。

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電阻R為晶(jing)體(ti)管VT的(de)基極偏置(zhi)電阻，適(shi)當(dang)調整它可改(gai)變逆變輸出功率。

制作時(shi)，變壓器的磁芯可(ke)用(yong)電視機的行輸出變壓器的磁芯，L1用(yong)Φ0.35mm漆(qi)(qi)包線繞40圈(quan)(quan)，L2用(yong)Φ0.35mm漆(qi)(qi)包線繞40圈(quan)(quan)，L3用(yong)Φ0.16mm漆(qi)(qi)包線繞300圈(quan)(quan)。晶(jing)體管VT選用(yong)3DD15A，電阻阻值為(wei)1kΩ左右，功率為(wei)1/8W。

三、消防應急燈線路

消防應(ying)急(ji)燈線(xian)路如(ru)圖(tu)1-1-3所示。該線(xian)路被廣泛(fan)安裝于公(gong)共場所的走廊、消防通道(dao)內，屬于消防專用(yong)設(she)備。其工作(zuo)原理如(ru)下。

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1、燈光控制(zhi)電(dian)路：由VT3、VT4、VT5、VT7和按鈕SB2、SB3構成燈光控制(zhi)電(dian)路。在無市(shi)電(dian)時(shi)，按一下按鈕SB2（開），VT5飽和導通(tong)，VT5的集電(dian)極電(dian)流通(tong)過R12使VT7維持導通(tong)；VD11反(fan)向擊穿(chuan)工作在穩壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態；VT5的集電(dian)極電(dian)壓(ya)給VT3、VT4提供偏置(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)使其(qi)導通(tong)，EL1、EL2點亮。當(dang)按一下按鈕SB3（關）時(shi)，VT7截止，VT5不具(ju)備導通(tong)條件，燈熄(xi)滅。

當有市(shi)電(dian)供電(dian)時，外接電(dian)源經(jing)VD9使VD7反向截止(zhi)．VT5無(wu)法導通，按鈕SB2和(he)SB3都不能(neng)控制燈EL1、EL2的開(kai)和(he)關。

停電后二極(ji)管飽和(he)導通，構成點(dian)燈電路(lu)條(tiao)件，EL1、EL2點(dian)亮；來電后VD7負(fu)極(ji)電位變(bian)高又(you)反向截止(zhi)，VT5截止(zhi)，燈滅（起到(dao)自動控制的作用）。點(dian)燈控制電路(lu)中VD7、VT7通過R6工作在臨界狀態(tai)，按(an)鈕SB2、SB3只起到(dao)觸發作用。

2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路：外(wai)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)VT2、VT6、R8、VD10對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行恒(heng)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當有外(wai)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流經R8、VD10向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，且使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈VL3點亮。

3、電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)路(lu)：220V交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓經變壓器變壓、整流(liu)(liu)濾波，由VT1集電(dian)(dian)極輸出(chu)4.6V直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓，主要提供(gong)(gong)給電(dian)(dian)路(lu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)源充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，并經R9使VL1發(fa)光指(zhi)示(shi)。

4、驗電路：當按(an)住試驗按(an)鈕(niu)SB1不放時，VT1截止(zhi)。VD7負載電位變低而正偏導通(tong)(tong)，使VD5導通(tong)(tong)，滿足點燈條(tiao)件，VL1、VL2點亮；松(song)開按(an)鈕(niu)SB1燈隨(sui)即熄滅。試驗電路的作用是測試點燈電路是否正常。

5、 障(zhang)顯示電(dian)路(lu)：由VD13、VT8、R17和VD11組成故障(zhang)顯示電(dian)路(lu)，如果外接電(dian)源電(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)使VT8導通，VL2點(dian)亮，指示過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)故障(zhang)。

四、消防應急燈接線方式

消防應急燈具線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)的鋪設按規定應設置專用(yong)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)，不(bu)應該(gai)與常用(yong)的照明線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)共(gong)用(yong)一條(tiao)電源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)，并且(qie)在專用(yong)的線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中間不(bu)應設置開關。

二線制和三(san)線制型的消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)(ju)可統(tong)一使用一條(tiao)專用的消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)專用電源線。消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)(ju)專用電源的設置應(ying)和相應(ying)的防(fang)(fang)(fang)火規范相結(jie)合。

消防應急電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)與燈具分開放置(zhi)的，其電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)連接應采用耐高溫(wen)的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)線，以滿(man)足防火要求，提(ti)高防護等級。

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二線制

二線(xian)制的消防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具接(jie)線(xian)方式是專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)消防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具常用(yong)(yong)接(jie)法，適用(yong)(yong)在應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)平時(shi)不作(zuo)照(zhao)明使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，或(huo)24小(xiao)時(shi)持續照(zhao)明使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。（CED標志燈(deng)就屬于此種類(lei)）消防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具在遇(yu)到突發性(xing)的停電(dian)后(hou)，應急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)會(hui)自動點亮，提(ti)供照(zhao)明光源(yuan)；

三線制

三線制的(de)消防(fang)應急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)接線方(fang)式為較常用(yong)的(de)應急(ji)(ji)燈接線方(fang)法，可對(dui)應急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)平(ping)時照(zhao)明狀態的(de)開或關進行人為的(de)控制，當遇到供(gong)電電源(yuan)(yuan)突然停(ting)電的(de)情況(kuang)下，不論設置的(de)開關處于何種狀態，應急(ji)(ji)燈都(dou)會立即(ji)點亮應急(ji)(ji)，提(ti)供(gong)光源(yuan)(yuan)，維持(chi)照(zhao)明。