一、白熾燈應急照明線路

白熾燈應急(ji)照明線路如(ru)圖(tu)1-1-1所(suo)示(shi)。當(dang)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，220V的(de)(de)交流市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1壓，再經二(er)極(ji)管VD1的(de)(de)半(ban)整流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C2的(de)(de)濾(lv)波后(hou)，以約90mA的(de)(de)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。與此同時，因為晶體管VT1基(ji)極(ji)加上正偏壓而處(chu)于導(dao)(dao)通(tong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，使VT2處(chu)于截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，燈(deng)泡EL不亮(liang)。一旦市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晶體管VT1由(you)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)變(bian)成截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)，VT2由(you)截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)變(bian)成導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，燈(deng)泡點(dian)亮(liang)。二(er)極(ji)管VD2的(de)(de)作用是隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和VT1的(de)(de)基(ji)極(ji)，保(bao)證(zheng)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一停，VT1轉向截(jie)(jie)(jie)止(zhi)。市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，VT1導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，EL熄滅，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路復位。

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圖(tu)1-1-1中的(de)EL為6.3V、0.15A的(de)小燈(deng)泡，電池可用(yong)4節1號電池，也(ye)可用(yong)6V蓄電池。

二、熒光燈應急照明線路

熒光燈(deng)應(ying)急照明(ming)線路如圖1-1-2所示。晶體管(guan)VT與變壓(ya)(ya)器T的(de)一(yi)次(ci)繞組構成(cheng)電感三(san)點式振(zhen)蕩(dang)器，將蓄電池(chi)的(de)交(jiao)流電壓(ya)(ya)經變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)升壓(ya)(ya)作用，在L3上得到較高的(de)交(jiao)流電壓(ya)(ya)，從(cong)而點亮(liang)8W熒光燈(deng)，作為應(ying)急燈(deng)使用。

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電阻R為晶體管VT的基(ji)極(ji)偏置電阻，適當調整它可(ke)改變(bian)逆變(bian)輸(shu)出功率。

制作時，變壓器的(de)磁芯(xin)可用(yong)(yong)電視機的(de)行輸出變壓器的(de)磁芯(xin)，L1用(yong)(yong)Φ0.35mm漆包線(xian)繞40圈，L2用(yong)(yong)Φ0.35mm漆包線(xian)繞40圈，L3用(yong)(yong)Φ0.16mm漆包線(xian)繞300圈。晶體(ti)管VT選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)3DD15A，電阻阻值為1kΩ左右(you)，功(gong)率(lv)為1/8W。

三、消防應急燈線路

消防(fang)應急燈線路(lu)如(ru)圖1-1-3所(suo)示。該線路(lu)被廣泛安裝于公共場(chang)所(suo)的走廊、消防(fang)通道內(nei)，屬于消防(fang)專用設備。其工(gong)作原(yuan)理如(ru)下。

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1、燈(deng)光控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)：由VT3、VT4、VT5、VT7和(he)按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB2、SB3構(gou)成燈(deng)光控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在無市電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)一下(xia)按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB2（開），VT5飽(bao)和(he)導(dao)通(tong)(tong)，VT5的集電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)R12使(shi)VT7維持導(dao)通(tong)(tong)；VD11反向擊穿工作在穩壓(ya)狀態；VT5的集電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)給VT3、VT4提供偏置電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)使(shi)其導(dao)通(tong)(tong)，EL1、EL2點亮。當按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)一下(xia)按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB3（關）時，VT7截止，VT5不具備導(dao)通(tong)(tong)條件，燈(deng)熄滅。

當(dang)有市(shi)電供電時，外(wai)接電源經VD9使VD7反(fan)向截(jie)止．VT5無法導通，按(an)鈕(niu)SB2和SB3都不能控(kong)制燈EL1、EL2的開和關。

停電(dian)(dian)后(hou)二極管飽(bao)和導通(tong)，構成點(dian)燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)條件(jian)，EL1、EL2點(dian)亮；來(lai)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)VD7負(fu)極電(dian)(dian)位變高又反向截(jie)止，VT5截(jie)止，燈(deng)滅（起到(dao)自動控制(zhi)(zhi)的作用）。點(dian)燈(deng)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中VD7、VT7通(tong)過R6工作在臨界(jie)狀態，按鈕SB2、SB3只(zhi)起到(dao)觸發作用。

2、電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路：外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)VT2、VT6、R8、VD10對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。當有外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)經R8、VD10向電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，且(qie)使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈VL3點亮。

3、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路：220V交流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)經(jing)變壓(ya)(ya)器變壓(ya)(ya)、整流濾(lv)波，由VT1集(ji)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)輸(shu)出4.6V直流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，主要提供給電(dian)(dian)路供電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，并(bing)經(jing)R9使(shi)VL1發光指示(shi)。

4、驗電(dian)(dian)路(lu)：當(dang)按住試驗按鈕SB1不(bu)放時，VT1截止。VD7負載電(dian)(dian)位變低(di)而(er)正偏導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，使VD5導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，滿足點(dian)(dian)燈(deng)條件，VL1、VL2點(dian)(dian)亮；松開按鈕SB1燈(deng)隨即熄(xi)滅(mie)。試驗電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的作(zuo)用是測(ce)試點(dian)(dian)燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)是否正常。

5、 障顯(xian)示電(dian)路(lu)：由VD13、VT8、R17和(he)VD11組成故(gu)障顯(xian)示電(dian)路(lu)，如果外接電(dian)源電(dian)壓過(guo)高使VT8導通(tong)，VL2點亮，指(zhi)示過(guo)電(dian)壓故(gu)障。

四、消防應急燈接線方式

消防應(ying)急(ji)燈具(ju)線路的(de)(de)鋪設(she)按規定(ding)應(ying)設(she)置專用(yong)線路，不(bu)應(ying)該與常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)照(zhao)明線路共用(yong)一條電源線，并且在專用(yong)的(de)(de)線路中(zhong)間(jian)不(bu)應(ying)設(she)置開關(guan)。

二線(xian)制(zhi)和三線(xian)制(zhi)型(xing)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急燈具可統一(yi)使(shi)用一(yi)條專用的(de)(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急專用電(dian)源線(xian)。消(xiao)防應(ying)急燈具專用電(dian)源的(de)(de)設置應(ying)和相應(ying)的(de)(de)防火規范相結合。

消(xiao)防應(ying)急電源與(yu)燈(deng)具分開放置的(de)，其電氣連接應(ying)采用耐高(gao)溫的(de)電源線，以滿(man)足防火(huo)要求，提高(gao)防護等(deng)級(ji)。

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二線制

二線(xian)制(zhi)的消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)接線(xian)方式是專(zhuan)用消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)常用接法，適(shi)用在應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)平時不作照明(ming)使(shi)用，或24小時持續照明(ming)使(shi)用。（CED標志燈(deng)就屬于此(ci)種類）消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)在遇(yu)到突發性(xing)的停電后(hou)，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)會自動點(dian)亮(liang)，提供照明(ming)光源；

三線制

三線制(zhi)的(de)(de)消(xiao)防應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)接線方式為較(jiao)常用的(de)(de)應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)接線方法(fa)，可對應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)平時(shi)照(zhao)明(ming)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)開(kai)或(huo)關進行人為的(de)(de)控制(zhi)，當(dang)遇(yu)到供電電源(yuan)突(tu)然停電的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，不論(lun)設置(zhi)的(de)(de)開(kai)關處(chu)于(yu)何種狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，應急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)都(dou)會(hui)立即點亮應急(ji)，提供光(guang)源(yuan)，維持照(zhao)明(ming)。