常見紡織面料洗滌與保養要點
一、棉織物
棉(mian)織(zhi)物的耐堿(jian)性強(qiang),不耐酸,抗高溫(wen)性好,可用各(ge)種(zhong)肥皂(zao)或洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)。洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)前,可放在(zai)水中浸(jin)泡幾分鐘,但(dan)不宜(yi)過久,以(yi)免(mian)顏色受到破壞(huai)。貼身(shen)內衣不可用熱水浸(jin)泡,以(yi)免(mian)使汗漬(zi)中的蛋白質凝固而粘附在(zai)服裝上,從(cong)而出現黃色斑。采用服裝洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)時,最佳水溫(wen)為40~50℃。漂洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時,可掌握"少量(liang)多(duo)(duo)次"的辦法,即每(mei)(mei)次清(qing)水沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)不一(yi)定用許多(duo)(duo)水;但(dan)要多(duo)(duo)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)幾次。每(mei)(mei)次沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)完后應擰干,再(zai)進行第二次沖(chong)(chong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi),以(yi)提高洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)效率。應在(zai)通(tong)風(feng)陰涼(liang)處(chu)晾曬衣服,避免(mian)在(zai)強(qiang)烈日光下曝曬,使有(you)色織(zhi)物褪色。
二、麻纖維織物
麻纖維剛硬,抱合力差。洗滌時,用力要比棉織物輕些,切忌使用硬毛刷刷洗及用力揉搓,以免布料起(qi)毛。洗后不(bu)(bu)可用(yong)力擰絞,有色織(zhi)物不(bu)(bu)要用(yong)熱水泡,不(bu)(bu)宜在強(qiang)烈陽光(guang)下曝曬,以(yi)免褪色。
三、絲綢織物
洗(xi)滌(di)前,將衣物在水中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡10分(fen)鐘左右,浸泡時間不宜過長。忌用堿水洗(xi),可選用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性肥皂(zao)、洗(xi)衣粉(fen)或中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性洗(xi)滌(di)劑。浴液以微(wei)溫或室溫為好。洗(xi)滌(di)完(wan)畢(bi),輕(qing)輕(qing)壓擠水分(fen),切忌擰絞。
應在陰涼通風處晾(liang)干,不宜(yi)在強烈(lie)陽光下曝曬,更不宜(yi)烘干。
四、羊毛織物
羊毛不(bu)耐堿,因此要(yao)(yao)用(yong)中(zhong)性(xing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)(di)劑進行洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)(di)。羊毛織(zhi)物(wu)在(zai)(zai)30℃以上的水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)收縮變形,故洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)溫不(bu)宜(yi)超過(guo)40℃。通常用(yong)室溫水(shui)(shui)(25℃)配制(zhi)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)(di)溶(rong)液(ye)。洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)(di)時(shi)切忌(ji)用(yong)搓板搓洗(xi)(xi)(xi),即使用(yong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)衣機洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)(di),應該(gai)"輕(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)",洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)(di)時(shi)間不(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)長,以防止縮絨。洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)擰絞,用(yong)手擠(ji)壓除去水(shui)(shui)分,然后(hou)瀝干。用(yong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)衣機脫水(shui)(shui)時(shi)以半分鐘為(wei)宜(yi)。應在(zai)(zai)陰涼(liang)通風處晾曬,不(bu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)強烈(lie)日光下曝曬,以防止織(zhi)物(wu)失去光澤和(he)彈性(xing)以及引起(qi)織(zhi)物(wu)強度的下降(jiang)。
五、粘膠纖維織物
粘膠纖(xian)維(wei)縮水率大,濕(shi)強度(du)(du)低,水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)要(yao)隨洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)隨浸,不可(ke)長時(shi)間(jian)浸泡(pao)。粘膠纖(xian)維(wei)織物遇水會發硬(ying),洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)時(shi)要(yao)"輕洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)",以(yi)免起毛或(huo)(huo)裂口(kou)。用中性洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)或(huo)(huo)低堿性洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)。洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)液的溫度(du)(du)不能超(chao)過45℃。洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)后,把衣服疊起來(lai),大把地擠掉水分,切(qie)忌(ji)擰絞。洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)后忌(ji)曝曬,應在陰涼通(tong)風處晾干。
六、滌綸織物
先(xian)用(yong)(yong)冷水浸(jin)泡15分鐘,然(ran)后用(yong)(yong)一(yi)般合成洗滌(di)劑洗滌(di),洗滌(di)液的溫(wen)度不(bu)宜超過45℃。領口(kou)、袖(xiu)口(kou)等較臟(zang)部位可(ke)用(yong)(yong)毛刷刷洗。洗后,漂洗凈(jing),可(ke)輕擰絞(jiao),置陰涼通風處(chu)晾干(gan),不(bu)可(ke)曝曬,不(bu)宜烘(hong)干(gan),以免受熱后起皺。
七、腈綸織物
基本與滌綸織物洗滌相似。先在溫水中浸泡15分鐘,然后用低堿性洗滌劑洗滌,要輕揉、輕搓。厚織物用軟毛刷洗刷,最后脫水或輕輕擰干水分。純腈綸織物可晾曬,但混紡織物(wu)應放在陰(yin)涼處晾干。
八、錦綸織物
先在(zai)冷水中浸泡(pao)15分(fen)鐘,然后(hou)用(yong)一般(ban)洗滌(di)(di)劑洗滌(di)(di)(含堿大(da)小不論(lun))。洗滌(di)(di)液的溫(wen)度(du)不宜超過45℃。洗后(hou)通風(feng)陰干,勿曬。
九、維綸織物
先用(yong)室溫水浸泡一下,然后在室溫下進行洗滌。洗滌劑(ji)為(wei)一般洗衣粉即可。切(qie)忌用(yong)熱(re)開水,以免(mian)使維綸纖維膨(peng)脹和(he)變硬,甚至(zhi)變形。洗后晾干,避免(mian)日(ri)曬。
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