太陽能電池的選擇方法

1、我們選購太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池時，關注的(de)(de)(de)重點就(jiu)是太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池片的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)。一(yi)般來說，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)跟太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)晶(jing)片的(de)(de)(de)面積成正比。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池晶(jing)片的(de)(de)(de)面積不(bu)完全等同(tong)于太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)封裝面板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)面積，因為有的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)面板(ban)雖然大，單(dan)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)晶(jing)片排列的(de)(de)(de)縫隙很寬，這樣的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)面板(ban)功率(lv)不(bu)一(yi)定高。

2、一般來說，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)面板的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)是越大(da)越好，這(zhe)樣(yang)在(zai)陽(yang)光下(xia)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)很快將其內置電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿(man)。但在(zai)現實中，需要(yao)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)面板的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)和太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)便(bian)攜性(xing)中找(zhao)一個平衡點。通(tong)常認為太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)最小不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低于0.75w，次(ci)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)板在(zai)標(biao)準強光下(xia)有(you)140mA的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)產生。在(zai)一般陽(yang)光下(xia)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)100mA左右，如果低于次(ci)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)小，基本上不會(hui)有(you)明(ming)顯效果。

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太陽能(neng)電池(chi)選擇技巧

1、太陽能電池蓄電池容量的選擇

由于太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)輸(shu)入(ru)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)極不穩定，所以一般(ban)需要(yao)配(pei)置(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)才能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作，太陽能(neng)(neng)燈具也不例外(wai)，必須配(pei)置(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)才能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作。一般(ban)有鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、Ni-Cd蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、Ni-H蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，它們的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)選擇直接影響系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)可靠性以及系(xi)(xi)統(tong)價格。

蓄電池容量(liang)的選(xuan)擇一(yi)般(ban)要(yao)遵(zun)循以下原(yuan)則：首先(xian)在能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿(man)足(zu)夜晚照(zhao)明的前提下，把(ba)白天太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池組件(jian)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)盡量(liang)存(cun)儲(chu)下來，同(tong)時還要(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)存(cun)儲(chu)滿(man)足(zu)連續陰雨天夜晚照(zhao)明需(xu)要(yao)的電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。蓄電(dian)池容量(liang)過(guo)小不能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿(man)足(zu)夜晚照(zhao)明的需(xu)要(yao)，蓄電(dian)池容量(liang)過(guo)大，一(yi)方(fang)面蓄電(dian)池始終處在虧電(dian)狀態，影(ying)響(xiang)蓄電(dian)池壽命，同(tong)時造成(cheng)浪費。

2、太陽能電池封裝形式的選擇

目前太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)形(xing)式主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)2種(zhong)，層壓和(he)滴(di)膠。層壓工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝可(ke)以(yi)(yi)保證太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)壽(shou)(shou)命25年以(yi)(yi)上，滴(di)膠雖然當(dang)時美觀，但是太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)壽(shou)(shou)命僅(jin)僅(jin)1~2年。因此(ci)，1W以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)小(xiao)功率太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)草坪燈在沒(mei)有(you)過高壽(shou)(shou)命要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)滴(di)膠封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)形(xing)式，對(dui)于使(shi)用(yong)年限有(you)規定的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)燈，建議使(shi)用(yong)層壓的(de)(de)封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)形(xing)式。另外，有(you)一種(zhong)硅凝膠用(yong)于滴(di)膠封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，據說工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)壽(shou)(shou)命可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到10年。

3、太陽能電池功率的選擇

我們所說的太陽能電池輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)Wp是(shi)(shi)標準太(tai)陽(yang)光照條(tiao)件下，即：歐洲(zhou)委(wei)員會定(ding)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)101標準，輻射(she)強度1000W/m2，大(da)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)AM1.5，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)溫度25℃條(tiao)件下，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)。這(zhe)個條(tiao)件大(da)約和平時晴天(tian)中午前后的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)光照條(tiao)件差不(bu)(bu)多，（在長江(jiang)下游地區只能(neng)(neng)接(jie)近這(zhe)個數(shu)值(zhi)）這(zhe)并不(bu)(bu)像有些人想象的(de)(de)(de)(de)那樣(yang)，只要(yao)有陽(yang)光就會有額定(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)，甚至認為太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在夜晚日光燈下也可以(yi)正(zheng)常使用。這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)說，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)是(shi)(shi)隨機的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地點，同(tong)樣(yang)一塊(kuai)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在美(mei)觀和節(jie)能(neng)(neng)兩者之間(jian)，大(da)多數(shu)都(dou)選擇節(jie)能(neng)(neng)。在長江(jiang)下游太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最理想傾斜角度是(shi)(shi)40度左右，方向為正(zheng)南(nan)方。