一、電熱(re)水袋里面的液體是什么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里(li)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么呢？其實是(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵粉(fen)或(huo)鐵氧體，電(dian)熱(re)水袋是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠(kao)電(dian)磁產(chan)(chan)生的(de)熱(re)能的(de)產(chan)(chan)生電(dian)磁的(de)東西是(shi)(shi)(shi)封閉起來(lai)的(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)為了防止漏電(dian)，如果通了電(dian)以后就產(chan)(chan)生磁場，鐵和(he)磁是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)互反應的(de)，使所謂(wei)的(de)水里(li)面(mian)產(chan)(chan)生渦流(liu)和(he)磁滯然(ran)后就產(chan)(chan)生了熱(re)能，和(he)變壓(ya)器(qi)為什么會發熱(re)是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為磁滯和(he)渦流(liu)而(er)熱(re)的(de)，人們把變壓(ya)器(qi)做成(cheng)一片(pian)一片(pian)的(de)硅剛片(pian)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)為了減小(xiao)磁滯和(he)渦流(liu)的(de)，從而(er)提高效率的(de)，而(er)熱(re)水袋則是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)反的(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)熱(re)水袋里的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。在(zai)(zai)某種溫(wen)(wen)度下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性是不變的(de)，例如食(shi)鹽(yan)在(zai)(zai)水的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性在(zai)(zai)室溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)是36g/100mL水。當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中的(de)濃(nong)度與其(qi)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性相等時(shi)(shi)，這種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便稱為飽(bao)(bao)和液(ye)；而當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度比其(qi)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性還要(yao)高的(de)時(shi)(shi)候，這種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便稱為過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。暖手袋里的(de)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)就是過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)醋酸(suan)鈉。由于過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)濃(nong)度太(tai)高，當(dang)扭曲金屬的(de)時(shi)(shi)候,所產生的(de)輕微(wei)震動便足以使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)結晶，變成較穩定的(de)固體(ti)(ti)。然(ran)而，這個過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是放(fang)熱(re)的(de)，所以暖手袋告開始暖起來。只(zhi)要(yao)把充(chong)電(dian)熱(re)水袋放(fang)入沸水中加熱(re)約10分鐘，凝結了的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)便會再次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這是由于在(zai)(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性增加。在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)進行吸(xi)熱(re)反應，再次成為過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶產品按有電熱(re)餅、電熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)和電暖式暖手寶。

固體電熱餅

其填充是保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(如(ru)：陶瓷棉等其他(ta)的)，使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)絲加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)傳遞給石棉或玻璃纖維保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理是：用雙控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲能(neng)式結構,逐(zhu)漸(jian)釋放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)。內設自(zi)動過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護裝置及(ji)自(zi)動保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指示裝置，一(yi)(yi)個由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻開關控(kong)制的小電(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是正溫(wen)(wen)度(du)系數的熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)流通過(guo)時自(zi)身會(hui)發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)爐的熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)也(ye)會(hui)傳導給它的)，當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)到達一(yi)(yi)定(ding)值時，它的電(dian)(dian)阻會(hui)急(ji)劇增大，可以視(shi)為(wei)斷開，此時電(dian)(dian)暖寶減(jian)少(shao)消耗的電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，之后靠保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉對電(dian)(dian)路的保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來緩慢放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。這種電(dian)(dian)暖寶保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時間長(chang)，缺點是它無法徹(che)底切斷電(dian)(dian)路，為(wei)了預防萬(wan)一(yi)(yi)，加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時不可離人(ren)，且加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)完成后溫(wen)(wen)度(du)較(jiao)高(gao)，在使(shi)用時必須套上布(bu)袋，以免燙傷。目(mu)前(qian)，市面上的電(dian)(dian)暖寶很少(shao)使(shi)用這種控(kong)制方式。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)(dian)熱寶(bao)使(shi)(shi)用新技術儲能發(fa)熱劑，加熱升溫(wen)迅速。一次性注(zhu)水(shui)，永(yong)久使(shi)(shi)用，獨特防(fang)爆(bao)免燙和(he)溫(wen)控(kong)保護裝置；使(shi)(shi)用壽命長(chang)：保溫(wen)持(chi)久等優勢。由于(yu)用戶無需注(zhu)水(shui)即可直接(jie)使(shi)(shi)用，免去了(le)傳統熱水(shui)袋頻繁換水(shui)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)麻煩和(he)不安全。從(cong)電(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)袋的(de)發(fa)熱原(yuan)理(li)看，這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)有電(dian)(dian)極式和(he)電(dian)(dian)熱元件式兩大類。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)由于(yu)兩個電(dian)(dian)極(或螺絲)直接(jie)裸露在水(shui)中(zhong)，造成的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)風(feng)險也很大。

電池式暖手寶

這種(zhong)產品(pin)使用(yong)內(nei)置(zhi)鋰電池(chi)亦或是使用(yong)5號電池(chi)進行供(gong)電驅動，利用(yong)電阻產生熱(re)量的原(yuan)理(li)進行暖(nuan)(nuan)手。目前該款產品(pin)在2010年由(you)日本三洋公(gong)司在世(shi)界率(lv)先推(tui)出，之(zhi)后(hou)尤其(qi)是2011年冬開始被眾多廠家模(mo)仿(fang)，但產品(pin)品(pin)質一直未被超越(yue)。這種(zhong)產品(pin)對比前兩種(zhong)類型，加(jia)熱(re)不受市電供(gong)電加(jia)熱(re)的約束，可(ke)將溫度迅速提升(sheng)至40℃以內(nei)，對于內(nei)置(zhi)鋰電池(chi)型可(ke)以充滿電以備需(xu)要時開啟使用(yong)，而采用(yong)5號電池(chi)型則更(geng)方便隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)(di)更(geng)換，尤其(qi)適合外出。產品(pin)優點：隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)(di)取(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)，不受市電影(ying)響，體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)輕巧，恒溫加(jia)熱(re)在40℃人體(ti)(ti)(ti)正常取(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)所需(xu)的安(an)全溫度以內(nei)，十分安(an)全;缺點：由(you)于產品(pin)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)巧，直接導致電池(chi)容(rong)量不理(li)想，導熱(re)時間不夠(gou)長(chang)，通常最(zui)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)1小(xiao)時(高于此值(zhi)，均為(wei)(wei)虛假宣傳)，由(you)于體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)，無法大面積(ji)取(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)和電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)絲(si)式(shi)(shi)兩(liang)種。其中，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)中有(you)正負兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，直(zhi)接和袋(dai)中的液體(ti)(電(dian)(dian)解質溶液)接觸，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)通電(dian)(dian)后，溶液就(jiu)帶電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)，加(jia)熱(re)(re)時間(jian)較(jiao)(jiao)短(約2～8分(fen)鐘(zhong))，但(dan)液體(ti)膨(peng)脹較(jiao)(jiao)快，容易爆炸(zha)。電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)絲(si)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)中有(you)一個(ge)絕緣體(ti)線圈，摸(mo)上去體(ti)積比(bi)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)發(fa)熱(re)(re)體(ti)明顯要大。