一、電熱(re)水袋里面的液體是什么(me)?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面是(shi)什(shen)么呢？其實是(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體(ti)，電(dian)熱水袋是(shi)靠電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)熱能(neng)的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)東西是(shi)封閉起來(lai)的(de)(de)，是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了防止漏(lou)電(dian)，如(ru)果通了電(dian)以后就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)場，鐵和(he)磁(ci)(ci)是(shi)相互反應的(de)(de)，使所謂的(de)(de)水里面產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)和(he)磁(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)(zhi)然后就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了熱能(neng)，和(he)變(bian)壓器為(wei)(wei)什(shen)么會(hui)發(fa)熱是(shi)相關的(de)(de)都是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)磁(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)(zhi)和(he)渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)而(er)(er)熱的(de)(de)，人們把變(bian)壓器做成一片一片的(de)(de)硅剛片就(jiu)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了減小(xiao)磁(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)(zhi)和(he)渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)的(de)(de)，從而(er)(er)提高效(xiao)率的(de)(de)，而(er)(er)熱水袋則是(shi)相反的(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)里的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。在(zai)某(mou)種(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)度(du)下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)是(shi)不變的(de)(de)(de)，例(li)如食(shi)鹽在(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)在(zai)室溫(wen)時(shi)(shi)是(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)與其(qi)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)相等時(shi)(shi)，這種(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便(bian)稱(cheng)為飽和(he)(he)(he)液(ye)；而當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)比(bi)其(qi)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)還要高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，這種(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便(bian)稱(cheng)為過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。暖(nuan)手袋(dai)里的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體就是(shi)過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)醋酸鈉。由(you)于(yu)過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)太(tai)高(gao)(gao)，當扭曲金屬的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)輕微震動便(bian)足以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質結(jie)(jie)晶，變成(cheng)較(jiao)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)固體。然而，這個過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)放熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以暖(nuan)手袋(dai)告開始暖(nuan)起(qi)來(lai)。只要把(ba)充電熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)放入(ru)沸水(shui)中加(jia)熱(re)約10分鐘，凝結(jie)(jie)了的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質便(bian)會(hui)再(zai)(zai)次(ci)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這是(shi)由(you)于(yu)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)增加(jia)。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質進行吸熱(re)反應，再(zai)(zai)次(ci)成(cheng)為過(guo)飽和(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶產(chan)品按有(you)電熱餅(bing)、電熱水袋(dai)和(he)電暖式暖手寶。

固體電熱餅

其(qi)填充(chong)是(shi)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)棉(mian)(如(ru)：陶瓷(ci)棉(mian)等其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de))，使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)絲(si)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳遞給石(shi)棉(mian)或玻璃纖(xian)維保熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。工作原理是(shi)：用(yong)雙控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲(chu)能式(shi)結構,逐漸釋(shi)放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能。內設自(zi)動過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置及自(zi)動保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)指示裝(zhuang)置，一個由(you)PTC熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)開(kai)關控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，PTC是(shi)正溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度系數的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)時(shi)自(zi)身會(hui)發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量也(ye)會(hui)傳導(dao)給它(ta)的(de)(de)(de))，當溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度到(dao)達一定值(zhi)時(shi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)會(hui)急(ji)劇增大，可(ke)以視為(wei)斷開(kai)，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)減少消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，之(zhi)后(hou)靠保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)棉(mian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)來(lai)緩(huan)慢放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間長(chang)，缺點是(shi)它(ta)無(wu)法徹(che)底切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，為(wei)了(le)預防萬一，加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)不可(ke)離人(ren)，且加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)完成(cheng)后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度較高，在使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)必(bi)須套上(shang)布(bu)袋，以免(mian)燙(tang)傷。目前，市面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)很少使(shi)用(yong)這種控(kong)制(zhi)方式(shi)。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)寶使用新技術儲(chu)能發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)劑，加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)升(sheng)溫(wen)迅速。一次性(xing)注水(shui)，永(yong)久使用，獨特防爆免燙(tang)和(he)溫(wen)控保護裝置；使用壽(shou)命長：保溫(wen)持久等優勢。由于(yu)用戶無需注水(shui)即(ji)可(ke)直接使用，免去了傳統熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)袋(dai)頻(pin)繁換水(shui)帶(dai)來的麻(ma)煩和(he)不(bu)安(an)全(quan)。從電(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)袋(dai)的發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)原理看，這種電(dian)暖寶有電(dian)極式和(he)電(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)元件(jian)式兩大(da)類(lei)。其(qi)中(zhong)，電(dian)極式電(dian)暖寶由于(yu)兩個電(dian)極(或(huo)螺絲)直接裸露(lu)在(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)，造成的漏電(dian)風險也很大(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這(zhe)種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)使用(yong)內置鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池亦(yi)或是使用(yong)5號電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)驅動，利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻產(chan)(chan)生熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)的(de)原理(li)進行暖手(shou)。目前該款產(chan)(chan)品(pin)在2010年由(you)日(ri)本三洋公司在世界(jie)率先推(tui)出(chu)，之后尤其是2011年冬開始(shi)被眾多廠家模仿，但產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質一直未被超越。這(zhe)種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)對比(bi)前兩種(zhong)類型，加(jia)熱(re)(re)不(bu)(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)的(de)約束，可(ke)將溫度迅(xun)速提(ti)升(sheng)至40℃以(yi)內，對于內置鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池型可(ke)以(yi)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)備需要時(shi)(shi)開啟使用(yong)，而采用(yong)5號電(dian)(dian)(dian)池型則更方便隨時(shi)(shi)隨地更換，尤其適合外出(chu)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)優(you)點：隨時(shi)(shi)隨地取(qu)暖，不(bu)(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)影響，體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)輕巧，恒溫加(jia)熱(re)(re)在40℃人體(ti)(ti)正常(chang)取(qu)暖所需的(de)安(an)全(quan)溫度以(yi)內，十分安(an)全(quan);缺點：由(you)于產(chan)(chan)品(pin)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)小(xiao)巧，直接導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)理(li)想，導(dao)熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)(bu)夠長，通常(chang)最長為(wei)1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(高于此(ci)值(zhi)，均為(wei)虛(xu)假宣(xuan)傳)，由(you)于體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)小(xiao)，無(wu)法大面積(ji)(ji)取(qu)暖。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲(si)式(shi)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)。其中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶中有(you)正負兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，直接和袋中的液體(電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)溶液)接觸(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，溶液就帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)，加(jia)(jia)熱(re)時間(jian)較(jiao)短(約(yue)2～8分(fen)鐘(zhong))，但(dan)液體膨脹(zhang)較(jiao)快，容(rong)易爆炸。電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲(si)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶中有(you)一個絕緣體線圈(quan)，摸上(shang)去(qu)體積比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)發熱(re)體明顯要(yao)大。