什么是(shi)免耕播種機(ji)以及(ji)優點？

隨著農業機(ji)械化的(de)(de)(de)進程，越來越多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)農業機(ji)械不斷亮相，而玉米(mi)免(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種機(ji)就是(shi)其中之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。玉米(mi)免(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)其實(shi)有(you)一(yi)(yi)段時日了(le)(le)，只是(shi)還沒有(you)得到廣泛推廣。什么是(shi)免(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種機(ji)，播(bo)(bo)種前不單獨進行(xing)土(tu)壤耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)直接在(zai)茬地上播(bo)(bo)種，作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)長期(qi)不進行(xing)土(tu)壤管理的(de)(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)方(fang)法。用聯合作(zuo)業玉米(mi)免(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種機(ji)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)完成(cheng)切茬、開(kai)溝、噴藥除草、播(bo)(bo)種、覆(fu)土(tu)多(duo)道工序。廣義免(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)包括少耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)免(mian)(mian)(少)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)技(ji)術在(zai)中國(guo)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)史上出(chu)現(xian)較(jiao)早。播(bo)(bo)種機(ji)市場(chang)調研(yan)報(bao)告顯示，20世紀40年代，美(mei)國(guo)進行(xing)了(le)(le)少耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)研(yan)究，發現(xian)殘茬覆(fu)蓋有(you)保護土(tu)壤的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。除草劑和(he)玉米(mi)免(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)制成(cheng)功，為免(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種提供了(le)(le)可能，并因能源(yuan)緊張(zhang)，使免(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)技(ji)術得以(yi)發展(zhan)。美(mei)國(guo)60年代開(kai)始應用于玉米(mi)、高(gao)粱、大豆和(he)煙(yan)草等作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)產。以(yi)后逐漸(jian)為各(ge)國(guo)所重視(shi)和(he)采用。

玉米免耕播種優點：

1、免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)直播省去了耕(geng)(geng)地作(zuo)業，節省了作(zuo)業費，播種期(qi)提前(qian)，比常規平播提前(qian)1～2d。若遇(yu)陰雨天，免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)更會體(ti)現爭時的增產效應。

2、免耕地(di)塊蓄水(shui)保墑(di)能力強(qiang)。由于地(di)表(biao)有(you)秸(jie)稈覆蓋，土壤的水(shui)、肥、氣、熱可協(xie)調(diao)供(gong)給，干旱時土壤不易(yi)(yi)裂縫，雨后不易(yi)(yi)積水(shui)。與翻耕的比玉米生長快，苗(miao)情好。另外，肥料(liao)不易(yi)(yi)流失(shi)，產量(liang)也相應提高。

3、玉米抗(kang)倒(dao)伏性(xing)好。免耕玉米表層根量多，主根發達，加之原有(you)土體結(jie)構(gou)未受(shou)到破壞，玉米根系與土壤(rang)固結(jie)能力強，所以玉米抗(kang)倒(dao)伏能力強。

4、播種機市場(chang)調研得(de)知，玉米免耕播種機麥(mai)秸(jie)還(huan)田增加了(le)(le)土壤有機質含量(liang)，提高了(le)(le)土壤肥力，改善了(le)(le)土壤結構。經測算，玉米免耕地塊比翻耕地塊增收(shou)玉米765kg/hm2，同(tong)時(shi)可(ke)減少(shao)耕地作業(ye)費105元(yuan)/hm2，間苗費60元(yuan)/hm2，玉米生(sheng)育期間減少(shao)1次澆水，節(jie)水節(jie)油(you)75元(yuan)/hm2。