小麥壟作(zuo)播種(zhong)機(ji)調(diao)整和使用(yong)

播種機作(zuo)業前(qian)，首先要(yao)對機具進行檢查(cha)，檢查(cha)各緊固部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是否(fou)牢(lao)固，連(lian)接件(jian)(jian)(jian)是否(fou)連(lian)接緊密。檢查(cha)完(wan)緊固件(jian)(jian)(jian)之后，還(huan)要(yao)檢查(cha)各個轉動(dong)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是否(fou)加(jia)足(zu)潤滑油。

1 與拖拉機的掛接

小麥(mai)壟作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)播種機(ji)(ji)依靠拖拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)動力進行工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，所以(yi)機(ji)(ji)器作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業之(zhi)前，首先要和拖拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)機(ji)(ji)掛(gua)接。操(cao)縱拖拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)機(ji)(ji)懸(xuan)掛(gua)裝置(zhi)至(zhi)適(shi)當高度，使小麥(mai)壟作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)播種機(ji)(ji)位于懸(xuan)掛(gua)架中間(jian)，使之(zhi)能與(yu)機(ji)(ji)架上(shang)(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)左右拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)桿相(xiang)連接。將下(xia)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)桿落下(xia)，然后用(yong)手抬起，先使左邊下(xia)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)桿與(yu)左懸(xuan)掛(gua)銷(xiao)連接，再掛(gua)右下(xia)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)桿，并分別用(yong)插(cha)(cha)(cha)銷(xiao)固(gu)定。安裝上(shang)(shang)(shang)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)桿，如果長度不合適(shi)，可以(yi)伸長和縮短上(shang)(shang)(shang)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)桿，或用(yong)操(cao)縱手柄升降下(xia)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)桿的(de)(de)方法(fa)調節，并裝上(shang)(shang)(shang)插(cha)(cha)(cha)銷(xiao)。掛(gua)接后，各懸(xuan)掛(gua)銷(xiao)軸必須插(cha)(cha)(cha)好，防止(zhi)松拖。

2 調整機器的水平

三個拉(la)桿(gan)與(yu)拖(tuo)拉(la)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)看起來(lai)很簡單，但卻是十分(fen)重要的(de)(de)，為(wei)什么(me)呢？因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)關系到播(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，連(lian)(lian)接(jie)好拉(la)桿(gan)之后，我們來(lai)調(diao)(diao)節拉(la)桿(gan)，保證播(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)。首先調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)播(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)左(zuo)右水平(ping)(ping)(ping)，用手擰拖(tuo)拉(la)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)左(zuo)右拉(la)桿(gan)的(de)(de)長度可以(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)播(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)橫向水平(ping)(ping)(ping)，兩支拉(la)桿(gan)的(de)(de)長度擰的(de)(de)一致了，播(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)基本上(shang)(shang)就可以(yi)(yi)保持水平(ping)(ping)(ping)。播(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)前后水平(ping)(ping)(ping)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)可通過調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)拖(tuo)拉(la)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)拉(la)桿(gan)的(de)(de)長度來(lai)實(shi)現，調(diao)(diao)節拖(tuo)拉(la)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)懸掛(gua)拉(la)桿(gan)長度，使播(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)前后接(jie)近(jin)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)。

3 調整播種量

調整小麥(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，首先把排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)上的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)螺母(mu)(mu)松開，然后(hou)轉動(dong)手(shou)輪(lun)，順時(shi)(shi)針(zhen)方向旋(xuan)轉時(shi)(shi)排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)增加(jia)，逆(ni)時(shi)(shi)針(zhen)旋(xuan)轉時(shi)(shi)排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)減少(shao)。排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)指示針(zhen)所指數字(zi)達到(dao)要(yao)求時(shi)(shi)，必須將蝶形螺母(mu)(mu)與手(shou)輪(lun)之(zhi)間擰緊，否(fou)則排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)有可(ke)能(neng)(neng)被彎曲(qu)。調整好播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)之(zhi)后(hou)，把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子箱清理干(gan)凈。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子箱側(ce)面(mian)有一個(ge)出口，從(cong)這(zhe)里(li)，可(ke)以將草棒，泥沙等雜物掃(sao)出去。確定(ding)(ding)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱沒有異物之(zhi)后(hou)，將準備好的(de)(de)(de)小麥(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子到(dao)入播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子箱的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)至少(shao)要(yao)加(jia)到(dao)能(neng)(neng)蓋住排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)盒入口，以保證排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)順暢。在這(zhe)里(li)，需要(yao)提醒農民朋友的(de)(de)(de)是，小麥(mai)壟作高效栽培(pei)技術針(zhen)對的(de)(de)(de)是高產(chan)和超(chao)高產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，所以我們在選(xuan)擇(ze)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，一定(ding)(ding)要(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)個(ge)體(ti)豐產(chan)性能(neng)(neng)好、分蘗力強和單(dan)株生產(chan)率高的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

4 作業前的檢查

小(xiao)麥(mai)壟作(zuo)播(bo)種(zhong)機對土地的(de)要(yao)求比較嚴格(ge)，所(suo)以(yi)，耕地之前，要(yao)把石(shi)頭、雜草、殘膜等雜物清(qing)理(li)干(gan)凈(jing)，以(yi)免影響起(qi)壟的(de)質量和播(bo)種(zhong)質量。另外(wai)，在工作(zuo)之前，機手還要(yao)看看所(suo)要(yao)操作(zuo)的(de)地里(li)頭，有(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)其他的(de)農具在工作(zuo)，有(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)兒童(tong)在玩耍(shua)等等，確定(ding)了(le)沒有(you)(you)危險因素之后，方可(ke)以(yi)進(jin)行操作(zuo)。

5 試運行

小(xiao)麥(mai)壟(long)(long)(long)作(zuo)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)運行是(shi)(shi)十分(fen)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)運行就是(shi)(shi)試(shi)耕(geng)3-5米時停下來，檢查起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)和播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量。試(shi)運行后檢查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要任務有(you)兩(liang)項，一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，二(er)是(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。小(xiao)麥(mai)壟(long)(long)(long)作(zuo)栽培(pei)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)是(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)，可是(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，每(mei)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)都是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，比如溫(wen)暖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)就高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)些，達(da)到15-18厘米，而寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)就低一(yi)(yi)些，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)12厘米左右(you)。根據每(mei)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情況，我們來測量起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，如果壟(long)(long)(long)起(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)，縮短每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)覆(fu)土圓盤連(lian)桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，覆(fu)土圓盤入(ru)土淺(qian)了(le)(le)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)就可以降低。相(xiang)反，如果起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)夠，就延(yan)長覆(fu)土圓盤連(lian)桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，讓覆(fu)土圓盤入(ru)土再深一(yi)(yi)些，就增加(jia)了(le)(le)起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。與起(qi)(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，我國(guo)每(mei)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們在試(shi)運行之后，檢查圓盤開溝器(qi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，如果播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求不(bu)(bu)同，可以通過調(diao)節(jie)圓盤開溝器(qi)連(lian)桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來調(diao)整(zheng)。

6 作業中的注意事項

小(xiao)麥壟(long)(long)(long)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，需要有(you)(you)一位跟機(ji)(ji)人員監(jian)視播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)狀態。需要注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，跟機(ji)(ji)輔助人員必須(xu)在播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)后面(mian)一米以(yi)(yi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)地方，絕(jue)對不能(neng)靠近(jin)和觸摸運(yun)行中的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)具(ju)。跟機(ji)(ji)輔助人員的(de)(de)(de)主要任務(wu)是(shi)觀察排種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和起壟(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)質(zhi)量。壟(long)(long)(long)面(mian)應當平整(zheng)規(gui)范，尺寸符合要求。如果發現問題，可以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)打手(shou)勢的(de)(de)(de)方式通(tong)知駕(jia)駛(shi)(shi)員及(ji)時(shi)停車，進(jin)行檢修調整(zheng)。小(xiao)麥壟(long)(long)(long)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，行駛(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)速度保持在每小(xiao)時(shi)三到(dao)五公(gong)里(li)，如果時(shi)速太快，就會造成播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起壟(long)(long)(long)質(zhi)量下降，甚至損壞機(ji)(ji)具(ju)。拖(tuo)拉機(ji)(ji)駕(jia)駛(shi)(shi)人員要注(zhu)意(yi)勻速直(zhi)線(xian)行駛(shi)(shi)。選擇作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)行駛(shi)(shi)路線(xian)應保證加種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和機(ji)(ji)械進(jin)出的(de)(de)(de)方便，播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)要注(zhu)意(yi)勻速直(zhi)線(xian)前行，不能(neng)忽(hu)快忽(hu)慢或中途停車，以(yi)(yi)免重播、漏播。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)，嚴禁(jin)倒退或急(ji)轉(zhuan)彎。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中應盡量減(jian)少不必要的(de)(de)(de)停車，以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)(de)堆積或斷壟(long)(long)(long)。小(xiao)麥壟(long)(long)(long)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)在轉(zhuan)彎的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，必須(xu)先把(ba)整(zheng)個機(ji)(ji)架提起，然后再轉(zhuan)彎，否則會損傷機(ji)(ji)具(ju)。機(ji)(ji)具(ju)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)，凡(fan)有(you)(you)警示標志和有(you)(you)鏈條的(de)(de)(de)地方，不可靠近(jin)或是(shi)用手(shou)觸摸。