一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉(xi)汽車(che)(che)的朋友對ESP（車(che)(che)身電子穩定系(xi)(xi)統）、ABS（防抱(bao)死制動系(xi)(xi)統）、TCS（牽引力控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統）等車(che)(che)載系(xi)(xi)統不會感到(dao)陌生(sheng)，在新能源車(che)(che)上還(huan)有(you)一個非(fei)常重要的系(xi)(xi)統，它(ta)就是BMS（電池管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統），它(ta)又叫電池管(guan)家，那么它(ta)有(you)什(shen)么作用(yong)呢？

據(ju)(ju)了解，新能源(yuan)汽車(che)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管家是一個很龐(pang)大的(de)軟硬件(jian)集合體，包括傳感器、中央處(chu)理(li)器、執行(xing)機構(gou)等(deng)，它(ta)的(de)作(zuo)用主要是采集動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)數據(ju)(ju)，然后分析數據(ju)(ju)狀(zhuang)態和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用環境，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)監測和(he)(he)控(kong)制，從而保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組在安全的(de)工作(zuo)區間內，提供車(che)輛控(kong)制所需(xu)的(de)必需(xu)信息，在出現異(yi)常(chang)時及時響應并進(jin)行(xing)處(chu)理(li)，它(ta)也會根據(ju)(ju)環境溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態及車(che)輛需(xu)求(qiu)等(deng)決(jue)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池(chi)管理系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)對電池(chi)進行監控與控制的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)，將采集的(de)(de)電池(chi)信息實時(shi)反饋給(gei)用戶，同(tong)時(shi)根據采集的(de)(de)信息調(diao)節參數，充分發(fa)揮電池(chi)的(de)(de)性能，其功能主要有：

1、電池狀態分析

電池(chi)狀態分(fen)析最常(chang)見的(de)一種就是(shi)動力電池(chi)系統荷電狀態（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的(de)就是(shi)電池(chi)剩余電量和電池(chi)容量的(de)百分(fen)比(bi)。

SOC估(gu)算是(shi)BMS的(de)(de)核(he)心功能，同時也是(shi)評估(gu)電(dian)(dian)動車續航里程的(de)(de)主要(yao)參數。BMS通過遍布整個電(dian)(dian)池包的(de)(de)傳感器檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)池參數（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度等(deng)）信(xin)息，有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳感器精度非常(chang)高，1mv的(de)(de)變(bian)化都(dou)可(ke)以被(bei)識別出(chu)來，由于探測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)信(xin)息準確(que)外(wai)加優秀的(de)(de)算法(fa)處理，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)量就可(ke)以被(bei)非常(chang)準確(que)的(de)(de)計算出(chu)來。

在日(ri)常(chang)用(yong)車過程(cheng)中，車主可以通過中控屏自主設置(zhi)SOC，SOC目標值可以理解成車輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)平衡的目標值。當車輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高于設置(zhi)值時(shi)，系(xi)統動力分配會(hui)優先用(yong)電(dian)(dian)，降低能耗；當車輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)低于設置(zhi)值時(shi)，車輛(liang)行駛時(shi)會(hui)有一(yi)部分動力用(yong)于發電(dian)(dian)使電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上升(sheng)，以保證用(yong)電(dian)(dian)需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度過(guo)高或者過(guo)低都會影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)活(huo)性，甚至會造成(cheng)不可逆的(de)(de)物理損傷，最終影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)芯(xin)壽命，而(er)BMS能(neng)夠(gou)為電(dian)池(chi)營造良好的(de)(de)運(yun)行環境(jing)。比(bi)如(ru)在寒冷的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)，電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)效率(lv)降低，這個(ge)時(shi)候BMS會調(diao)用(yong)加熱系(xi)統來(lai)讓電(dian)芯(xin)升溫(wen)使其達到舒適的(de)(de)充電(dian)環境(jing)；如(ru)果在夏季或者是電(dian)池(chi)發熱的(de)(de)情況下，BMS會調(diao)用(yong)冷卻系(xi)統為電(dian)芯(xin)降溫(wen)，利用(yong)智能(neng)溫(wen)控系(xi)統大大提高電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統允許充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)單體(ti)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高電(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)(zui)高總電(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)度、當(dang)前允許充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大電(dian)流、SOC以及當(dang)前電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)等信息(xi)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)設備進(jin)行交互(hu)，從而使(shi)(shi)電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統按照適配的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量處于高位后(hou)，BMS會限制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，進(jin)入到(dao)“涓流模(mo)式(shi)”（使(shi)(shi)電(dian)芯真正飽和、延(yan)長(chang)使(shi)(shi)用壽命），直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)結束最(zui)(zui)(zui)后(hou)斷(duan)開連接。

此外，BMS還會起到(dao)(dao)“均(jun)衡管(guan)理”的(de)(de)(de)作用，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體之間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差，從(cong)而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)一致性(xing)。這(zhe)是因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)由于先天因素或者工作溫(wen)度不一致，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有(you)不同，所以(yi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)里的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)會出現不一致的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，比(bi)如有(you)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)已經(jing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)卻(que)還沒有(you)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)。BMS系(xi)統可以(yi)起到(dao)(dao)調節作用，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾(ji)乎可以(yi)同時(shi)完成，比(bi)如通過(guo)旁(pang)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其達到(dao)(dao)和(he)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)相同的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最終達到(dao)(dao)整體均(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故障信息進(jin)行分析，通過相(xiang)關策略對電池系統進(jin)行保護和(he)控制，同時讓故障燈點亮以便提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通信功能(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)起(qi)到故障診斷的功能(neng)。BMS會(hui)根據電芯參(can)數和(he)電池系(xi)統功能(neng)制定相應的故障閾值(zhi)表，BMS通過故障閾值(zhi)表對電池系(xi)統進行保護(hu)并上報故障類(lei)型，方便(bian)后期(qi)的故障排(pai)查以及檢修維護(hu)。