一、古琴多少錢一張
古琴,又稱瑤琴、玉琴、絲桐和七弦琴,是中國的傳統樂器,在古代一般直接稱為“琴”,20世紀20年代后,為與鋼琴區分,因此改稱古琴。市場上的古琴價格有高有低,分為不同價位檔次:1、400-2000元左右的并屬于真正的古琴,無論是音色,還是材料,幾百元的琴做工都是比較粗糙的。2、2000-5000元左右的古琴可稱為練習琴,無砂音、抗指、打板三病,算是一張合格的古琴,主要是用于練習指法的,并不是為了長久使用而存在。3、5000-10000元的是真正的練習琴,開始達到手撫弦韻,耳聽琴意的層次。從音色和手感上讓初學琴友能夠達到很好的狀態。而且材質相對較好,斫制工序較為嚴謹,長期使用是沒問題的。4、10000-30000元的古琴屬于專業演奏級別的古琴,材質做工都很過硬,音色會越彈越好,手感也比較舒適。5、30000-60000元的高檔古琴是名家親斫的琴,從選材、用料、斫制、上漆都十分考究,甚至可以作為收藏品。6、收藏用的古琴價格特別高,甚至可達上百萬元。大家在選購古琴的時候,建議根據自己的經濟狀況和購琴預算選擇合適價位的古琴,注意選優質古琴品牌的產品。
二、古琴好學嗎?能自學嗎?
從技(ji)術層面來(lai)(lai)說,古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)學(xue)習(xi)難度(du)是相對(dui)比較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de),一(yi)來(lai)(lai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)用的(de)(de)(de)是減字譜(pu),一(yi)種文字記(ji)譜(pu)法,并非簡譜(pu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)需要專門的(de)(de)(de)樂理知識也(ye)能學(xue)懂;二來(lai)(lai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)追(zhui)求(qiu)中(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)和(he),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)急不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)躁,琴(qin)(qin)曲(qu)多(duo)以中(zhong)速(su)偏慢的(de)(de)(de)琴(qin)(qin)曲(qu)居多(duo),和(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)箏、鋼琴(qin)(qin)、琵琶等彈(dan)奏(zou)樂器比起來(lai)(lai),彈(dan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)對(dui)手指(zhi)肌能的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高,沒(mei)有(you)很快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度(du)要求(qiu),沒(mei)有(you)太復雜的(de)(de)(de)節奏(zou)類型,沒(mei)有(you)大難度(du)的(de)(de)(de)換把(ba)與跳(tiao)指(zhi)技(ji)術,算是比較(jiao)好(hao)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)般學(xue)習(xi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)太建(jian)議(yi)自學(xue),主要是因為自學(xue)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能完全體現曲(qu)子的(de)(de)(de)要領,無法形成(cheng)體系(xi)學(xue)習(xi),有(you)錯誤而沒(mei)有(you)人能糾正(zheng)(zheng),沒(mei)有(you)老師的(de)(de)(de)監督也(ye)很難堅持下來(lai)(lai),想(xiang)學(xue)好(hao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)話,建(jian)議(yi)還是找專門的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)老師學(xue)習(xi)比較(jiao)好(hao)。
三、古琴樣式類別
古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)在數千年(nian)的(de)(de)傳承過(guo)程中,發展出(chu)了許(xu)多種不同樣式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin),常見的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)樣式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有伏羲(xi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、神(shen)農式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、伶官式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、仲尼式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、師(shi)曠式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、蕉葉式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、靈機式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、列(lie)子式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、玉(yu)峰式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、連(lian)珠式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、鳳(feng)勢式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、神(shen)龍式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、大鵬式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)、號鐘(zhong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)等。不同樣式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)主要(yao)是(shi)在形制、外觀方(fang)面存(cun)在一定的(de)(de)區別(bie),有的(de)(de)在音(yin)色方(fang)面也有所不同,并沒有優劣(lie)之分。
四、古琴幾根弦兒
古琴(qin)(qin)(qin)又稱七(qi)(qi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)琴(qin)(qin)(qin),有七(qi)(qi)根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),分(fen)別代表金木水火(huo)土(tu)文(wen)(wen)武(wu),發(fa)明之初是五(wu)(wu)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)琴(qin)(qin)(qin),后來文(wen)(wen)王(wang)、武(wu)王(wang)在(zai)五(wu)(wu)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之琴(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上各加一弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)成(cheng)了(le)今(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)七(qi)(qi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)古琴(qin)(qin)(qin),不(bu)過根(gen)據出土(tu)文(wen)(wen)物,七(qi)(qi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)是漢朝以后形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),出現了(le)局部可以使用左手按弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)七(qi)(qi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)琴(qin)(qin)(qin);魏末晉初時期,嵇康(kang)在(zai)他的(de)(de)(de)《琴(qin)(qin)(qin)賦》中(zhong)所(suo)描繪的(de)(de)(de)琴(qin)(qin)(qin),和(he)我(wo)們現在(zai)常見的(de)(de)(de)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)就(jiu)已經十(shi)分(fen)相(xiang)似了(le),在(zai)漢以前,琴(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)面板(ban)和(he)底板(ban)可以分(fen)合,琴(qin)(qin)(qin)面有裝飾性的(de)(de)(de)波狀起伏(fu),琴(qin)(qin)(qin)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)多少不(bu)定(ding)、長短不(bu)定(ding),少為五(wu)(wu)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),多達二(er)十(shi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),長則2米(mi),短則50厘米(mi)。古代的(de)(de)(de)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)有多少弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)還有待考證,現代古琴(qin)(qin)(qin)一般(ban)都(dou)是七(qi)(qi)根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de),琴(qin)(qin)(qin)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)長度(du)約112cm~118cm左右。