北(bei)京(jing)有著三(san)千余(yu)年的建(jian)城(cheng)史(shi)和(he)八百五(wu)十余(yu)年的建(jian)都史(shi)，民國(guo)時期，稱北(bei)平。新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成立后，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和(he)國(guo)的首(shou)(shou)都，簡稱“京(jing)”，現為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)四個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)直轄(xia)市(shi)之一，全國(guo)第(di)二大城(cheng)市(shi)及政治(zhi)(zhi)、交(jiao)通(tong)和(he)文(wen)化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。北(bei)京(jing)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和(he)國(guo)首(shou)(shou)都、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)直轄(xia)市(shi)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心城(cheng)市(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)政治(zhi)(zhi)、文(wen)化、教育和(he)國(guo)際(ji)交(jiao)流中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。