顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)以顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原理進(jin)行分(fen)類可分(fen)為偏(pian)光(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)、光(guang)學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)與(yu)電子(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)和(he)數碼(ma)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)。

1、光(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)：通(tong)常皆由光(guang)學(xue)部分、照明(ming)部分和(he)機械部分組(zu)成(cheng)。無(wu)疑(yi)光(guang)學(xue)部分是最為關鍵的，它由目鏡(jing)(jing)和(he)物鏡(jing)(jing)組(zu)成(cheng)。光(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)的種類很多，主要(yao)有明(ming)視野(ye)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)（普通(tong)光(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)）、暗(an)視野(ye)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)、熒(ying)光(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)、相差顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)、激(ji)光(guang)掃描共聚(ju)焦顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)、偏光(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)、微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分干涉差顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)、倒置顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)。

2、電子(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)：電子(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)比(bi)光學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)高得(de)多的(de)對物體(ti)(ti)的(de)放大及分辨本領，它將電子(zi)流作為一種新的(de)光源，使物體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)像。電子(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)種類包括透射電子(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)、X光顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)、掃描電子(zi)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)。常用于生(sheng)物、醫藥及微(wei)小粒子(zi)的(de)觀測。

3、偏光(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡：凡(fan)具有雙折射的(de)物質(zhi)，在偏光(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡下就(jiu)能分辨(bian)的(de)清楚，當(dang)然這些物質(zhi)也可用(yong)(yong)染色法來進行觀察，但有些則不可用(yong)(yong)，而(er)必須利用(yong)(yong)偏光(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡。偏光(guang)顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡主要是用(yong)(yong)是來觀察液晶、纖維等(deng)自身具有單折射性或(huo)雙折性的(de)物體(ti)。

4、數(shu)碼(ma)(ma)顯微鏡：數(shu)碼(ma)(ma)顯微鏡是將精銳的(de)(de)光學顯微鏡技術、先進(jin)的(de)(de)光電轉換技術、液晶屏幕(mu)技術完美地結合在一起(qi)而(er)開發研制(zhi)成功的(de)(de)一項高科技產(chan)品。從而(er)，我(wo)們(men)可以對微觀領域的(de)(de)研究從傳統的(de)(de)普通的(de)(de)雙眼觀察到通過顯示器上再現，從而(er)提高了工作效率。