據永州市統計局發布的《2023年(nian)永州市國民經濟和社會(hui)發展(zhan)統計公報》數據，截至2023年(nian)末，永州市全(quan)市常住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)507.62萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，常住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)位居湖南省第五(wu)。其(qi)中(zhong)，永州市區常住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)為113.17萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，占總人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)比(bi)為22.3%。城鎮常住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)252.34萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，城鎮化率49.71%，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)末提高1.13個百(bai)分點。全(quan)年(nian)出生人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)3.06萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，出生率為4.68‰；死(si)亡人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)3.77萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，死(si)亡率為5.77‰；自然(ran)增長率為-1.09‰。

據永(yong)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)統(tong)計局數據，截(jie)至2023年末，在永(yong)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)下轄(xia)的11個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(區、市(shi)(shi)(shi))中，常住(zhu)人口(kou)超(chao)過50萬(wan)(wan)的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(區、市(shi)(shi)(shi))有5個，分(fen)別是祁陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)、寧遠(yuan)、道縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、冷水灘(tan)區、零陵區；其(qi)余(yu)6個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(區、市(shi)(shi)(shi))常住(zhu)人口(kou)在10萬(wan)(wan)至50萬(wan)(wan)之間(jian)。其(qi)中，祁陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)常住(zhu)人口(kou)79萬(wan)(wan)人，是2023年永(yong)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)常住(zhu)人口(kou)最多的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(區、市(shi)(shi)(shi))；而雙牌(pai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)常住(zhu)人口(kou)15.18萬(wan)(wan)人，是2023年永(yong)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)常住(zhu)人口(kou)最少(shao)的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(區、市(shi)(shi)(shi))。