夏朝：約前2070-前1600

夏(xia)朝是中(zhong)國(guo)史書中(zhong)記載(zai)的第(di)一個世襲制朝代(dai)。一般(ban)認為夏(xia)朝共傳14代，17后（夏統(tong)治者在位稱(cheng)“后”，去世后稱“帝”），延續約471年，為商朝所滅，后人常以“華夏”自稱，使(shi)之(zhi)成為中(zhong)國的(de)代名詞。禹傳(chuan)位于子啟，改變了原始部(bu)(bu)落(luo)的(de)禪讓制，開創中(zhong)國近四千年世襲的(de)先河，夏(xia)(xia)族的(de)十(shi)一支姒姓部(bu)(bu)落(luo)與夏(xia)(xia)后(hou)氏(shi)中(zhong)央(yang)王(wang)室(shi)在血緣上有(you)宗(zong)法關系，政治上有(you)分封(feng)關系，經(jing)濟上有(you)貢賦(fu)關系，大致構成夏(xia)(xia)王(wang)朝的(de)核心領土范圍，夏(xia)西(xi)起河南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)、山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南部(bu)(bu)，東(dong)至(zhi)河南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、山東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和河北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)界處，南達湖北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)北部(bu)(bu)，北及河北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南部(bu)(bu)。