【電(dian)(dian)熱毯工作原(yuan)理】電(dian)(dian)熱毯原(yuan)理是(shi)什么(me) 電(dian)(dian)熱毯是(shi)如何進(jin)行工作的
電熱(re)毯,又名電褥,是(shi)一種接觸式電暖器(qi)具,它(ta)將特制的(de),絕緣性能達到標準(zhun)的(de)軟索式電熱(re)元件呈盤蛇狀織入或縫(feng)入毛毯里,通電(dian)時即發出(chu)熱量。主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于人(ren)們睡(shui)眠時提高被窩里的溫度來(lai)達到取暖的目的。還可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于被褥的去潮除濕。它耗電(dian)量少、溫度可(ke)調節、使用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便、使用(yong)(yong)廣泛(fan),已(yi)有100多年的歷史。目前已(yi)經有新型無輻射電(dian)熱毯獲得國家專利(li),孕婦、兒童、老(lao)人可以放心(xin)使用無輻射電(dian)(dian)熱(re)毯。一(yi)種接觸式電(dian)(dian)暖器(qi)具。將軟(ruan)索式電(dian)(dian)熱(re)元件呈盤(pan)蛇(she)狀(zhuang)織入或縫入毛(mao)毯里,通電(dian)(dian)時即發出熱(re)量(liang)。工作原理和(he)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)毯相(xiang)近的還有(you)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)褥(ru)和(he)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)墊。
用于(yu)調溫(wen)(wen)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)毯中。線芯用玻璃(li)纖(xian)維或滌綸(lun)絲(si)編成,上面纏繞(rao)著柔(rou)韌可(ke)撓的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)合(he)金絲(si)(或箔帶),外(wai)面包覆一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)尼龍感(gan)熱(re)(re)(re)層(ceng)或特(te)種(zhong)塑料感(gan)熱(re)(re)(re)層(ceng),再將一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)銅合(he)金信號(hao)線繞(rao)在感(gan)熱(re)(re)(re)層(ceng)外(wai),最外(wai)面涂覆一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)耐熱(re)(re)(re)樹脂。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)毯上任一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度超過預定值時,該處相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)絲(si)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)熱(re)(re)(re)層(ceng)即由(you)絕緣體變為良導體,使控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路接通,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)毯斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),達到控(kong)(kong)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)安(an)全防護的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。采用不(bu)帶信號(hao)線型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普通型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)毯,如要實現(xian)控(kong)(kong)溫(wen)(wen),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般設(she)有(you)兩(liang)類控(kong)(kong)溫(wen)(wen)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian):一(yi)(yi)(yi)類是(shi)過熱(re)(re)(re)安(an)全恒溫(wen)(wen)器(qi),每(mei)床電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)毯約(yue)需(xu)8~9個,串聯在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)上,起(qi)安(an)全防護作(zuo)用;另一(yi)(yi)(yi)類是(shi)恒溫(wen)(wen)器(qi)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi),設(she)在床頭或手邊(bian),起(qi)調節溫(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。采用帶有(you)信號(hao)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)毯僅需(xu)恒溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)。
IC為NE555時基電(dian)路;RP3為溫(wen)度(du)調節電(dian)位(wei)器,其滑(hua)動臂電(dian)位(wei)決定IC的(de)(de)觸發(fa)電(dian)位(wei)V2和閾電(dian)位(wei)Vf,且V5=Vf=2Vz。 220V交流(liu)電(dian)壓經C1、R1限流(liu)降(jiang)壓,D1、D2整流(liu),C2濾波(bo),DW穩壓后,獲得9V左右(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓供IC用(yong)(yong)。室溫(wen)下接通電(dian)源(yuan),因已調V2電(dian)熱絲通電(dian)發(fa)熱,溫(wen)度(du)逐漸(jian)(jian)升(sheng)高。熱敏傳感器BG1隨溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)升(sheng)高,其穿透電(dian)流(liu)Iceo增大(da),V2、 V6升(sheng)高。當V2>Vz,V6≥Vf 時,IC翻轉,③腳(jiao)變為低(di)電(dian)位(wei),BCR截止(zhi)郵電(dian)局熱絲停(ting)止(zhi)發(fa)熱,溫(wen)度(du)開(kai)始逐漸(jian)(jian)下降(jiang),BG1的(de)(de)Iceo隨之逐漸(jian)(jian)減小(xiao),V2、V6降(jiang)低(di)。當 V6元(yuan)件選擇:BG1可選用(yong)(yong)3AX、3AG等PNP型(xing)鍺管;BCR用(yong)(yong)400V以上小(xiao)型(xing)塑封雙向(xiang)可控硅,其它元(yuan)件可按圖標選用(yong)(yong)。
制作要點:熱(re)敏(min)傳感(gan)器BG1可用耐溫(wen)的細軟(ruan)線(xian)引出(chu),并(bing)將其連同管腳接頭(tou)裝入一(yi)電(dian)容器鋁殼內,注入導熱(re)硅(gui)脂,制成溫(wen)度(du)探頭(tou)。使用時,把該探頭(tou)放在適(shi)當部(bu)位即可。
里面那一圈一圈的是什么線,是普通的家用電線嗎?
通常電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱毯主要由發熱元(yuan)(yuan)件、基(ji)芯、面料、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)、接(jie)線(xian)(xian)盒(發熱元(yuan)(yuan)件與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)連接(jie)部分)、控制(zhi)開關(或調(diao)溫(wen)器)等組成。其主要結構是將發熱元(yuan)(yuan)件到基(ji)底(di)布上,然后接(jie)好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian),再(zai)將縫制(zhi)好(hao)的發熱元(yuan)(yuan)件與(yu)(yu)基(ji)底(di)布用面罩包縫好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱毯即告制(zhi)成了。選(xuan)購時,要注意以下方面:
(1)必須是經有關部門或單位檢驗(yan)合(he)格的產品(pin),以保證產品(pin)質量,故應留意產品(pin)是否有生產許可(ke)證編號(hao)。
(2)要(yao)有一個清(qing)晰明確的標志,標志上(shang)應能反(fan)映出電熱(re)毯(tan)的規格、生產廠(chang)家及必要(yao)的提示。
(3)電熱毯(tan)的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不同(tong)(tong),加熱面(mian)(mian)積(ji)也不同(tong)(tong)。通常分為單人、雙(shuang)人或三人電熱毯(tan)。在可能的情況下,盡可能選(xuan)擇面(mian)(mian)積(ji)較大的電熱毯(tan)。
(4)盡可能選(xuan)擇質地好(hao)的面料。
(5)功率(lv)單(dan)人不宜(yi)超過(guo)60W,雙人不(bu)宜(yi)超過(guo)120W。
(6)通電檢(jian)查。將其放到高溫檔(dang)位置,約3~5分鐘(zhong)用(yong)手摸電(dian)熱(re)毯中部應有溫升,證明該檔是完好的(de)(de)。如調(diao)溫器是其它型式的(de)(de)。還可以進(jin)行相應的(de)(de)調(diao)節試(shi)驗(yan),但試(shi)驗(yan)時間較長。
(7)電熱(re)毯電源(yuan)控制器應完整、光滑、無缺損,使用靈活(huo),有清晰的開關(guan)標記,使用的電源(yuan)線(xian)應為雙層(ceng)護(hu)套線(xian)。
為了使電(dian)熱毯(tan)的壽命增加(jia)和避免產生事故,需正確使用電(dian)熱毯(tan),其方法是(shi):
(1)鋪電熱毯時,應在(zai)床上選輔一(yi)條軟墊,之后再(zai)鋪上電熱毯。在(zai)其上邊再(zai)鋪褥子和毛(mao)毯,以增強取暖效果。
(2)電熱(re)毯不(bu)宜長(chang)期(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),一是易浪費(fei)能(neng)源(yuan),二(er)是易產生灼熱(re)感(gan),若長(chang)時(shi)間使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),須選用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)型(xing)電熱(re)毯。
(3)切忌(ji)金(jin)屬(shu)制(zhi)品刺進電(dian)熱毯,以防(fang)電(dian)熱絲短路,造成人身傷亡。
(4)電熱毯臟了,不可(ke)直接用水清洗,否則(ze)會使電熱絕緣性能下降,造成漏電。