實木家具工藝流程全介紹 帶您了解實木家具制作環節

實(shi)木(mu)(mu)家具加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝主(zhu)要內容為實(shi)木(mu)(mu)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。實(shi)木(mu)(mu)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程是指通過各種(zhong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設備改變原材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)形狀、尺寸或物(wu)理性質，將原材料(liao)(liao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成符合(he)技術要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)時，所進行的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)系列工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)總和稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程。它是由若干(gan)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序組成的(de)(de)(de)。干(gan)燥-配料(liao)(liao)-毛(mao)料(liao)(liao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)-膠合(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)-彎曲加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)-凈料(liao)(liao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)—部(bu)件(jian)裝(zhuang)配-部(bu)件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)-總裝(zhuang)配、涂(tu)飾

(1)干(gan)燥：濕的(de)(de)板(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)、方(fang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)通(tong)過干(gan)燥窯干(gan)燥或自然(ran)干(gan)燥等方(fang)式(shi)，將(jiang)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)含水(shui)(shui)率控制(zhi)在一定的(de)(de)范圍內(nei)，即與使用該家(jia)具地區的(de)(de)木(mu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)年平衡含水(shui)(shui)率相適應。用于家(jia)具制(zhi)造的(de)(de)其他材(cai)(cai)(cai)料如集成材(cai)(cai)(cai)、層積(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)及各(ge)種人造板(ban)的(de)(de)含水(shui)(shui)率也要(yao)加以(yi)控制(zhi)。

(2)配料：

①合理(li)選(xuan)料：根據產品(pin)質(zhi)量要求和特點(dian)來選(xuan)擇樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)、紋(wen)理(li)、顏(yan)色等。高檔家具所(suo)有(you)零件(jian)都盡可(ke)能選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)同一種(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)來配料，如(ru)(ru)所(suo)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)為珍貴(gui)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)則家具的(de)成本(ben)就會(hui)很高。起支(zhi)撐作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)家具零件(jian)要考慮其強度，普通(tong)家具也是如(ru)(ru)此(ci)。

②合理確定加工(gong)余(yu)量和含水率：含水率應(ying)內(nei)外均勻一致，無內(nei)應(ying)力，防(fang)止在(zai)加工(gong)和使(shi)用(yong)過程中(zhong)產生翹曲、開裂等現(xian)象；根據設(she)備情況及加工(gong)工(gong)序的多少合理地留出加工(gong)余(yu)量。

③合(he)理選擇(ze)配(pei)料(liao)方(fang)式：一(yi)般應(ying)該遵循倍數毛(mao)料(liao)原則(ze)，即毛(mao)料(liao)與凈(jing)料(liao)的(de)長(chang)度(du)、寬(kuan)度(du)、厚度(du)都可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)倍數關系。最(zui)佳方(fang)案是(shi)(shi)毛(mao)料(liao)和凈(jing)料(liao)的(de)斷面尺(chi)寸(cun)相(xiang)當 (應(ying)有一(yi)定的(de)加工余量)，長(chang)度(du)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)被(bei)加工零(ling)件的(de)倍數。其目的(de)是(shi)(shi)減少浪(lang)費和提高生產效率。

(3)毛料(liao)加工：將(jiang)鋸材加工成外(wai)形尺(chi)寸準確(que)的零件，為凈料(liao)加工提供準確(que)的定位基準。

(4)膠(jiao)合加(jia)工：主要(yao)指板(ban)方材膠(jiao)合、空心板(ban)的制造、貼面(mian)等。

(5)彎曲(qu)加工：主要(yao)指實木彎曲(qu)、單板膠合(he)彎曲(qu)、鋸口彎曲(qu)等。

(6)凈料(liao)加工：主要指開榫、鉆孔、開槽、車形、仿(fang)形、鏤銑、打榫眼、磨光等。

(7)部(bu)(bu)件裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)：就是把零件通過榫卯(mao)結構、圓榫連接、膠粘(zhan)劑、釘子、木螺絲釘及(ji)五金聯接件組裝(zhuang)(zhuang)起來成為部(bu)(bu)件。

(8)部(bu)件加工：主要是指(zhi)裝配好(hao)的部(bu)件的加工，如門的再修正、砂光。

(9)總裝配和(he)涂(tu)飾(shi)：將部件、零件通過(guo)一定(ding)方式(shi)連接起來，再(zai)油漆。如：學(xue)生(sheng)課(ke)畫桌生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)藝包括以(yi)下(xia)個過(guo)程

1、配(pei)料(liao)(liao)：配(pei)料(liao)(liao)一般需用到(dao)下列機(ji)器：切床、壓(ya)刨(bao)、開料(liao)(liao)鋸、平刨(bao)、銑床、拼板機(ji)、帶鋸、四面(mian)刨(bao)等。

2、白(bai)胚加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)：白(bai)身加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)（細作）也就(jiu)是產品各分件從毛料加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成圖紙所要求的(de)尺寸和(he)形狀的(de)一個加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程。其重(zhong)點(dian)要注意的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序是打孔、銑型、截斜角、雕刻部(bu)件的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必(bi)需(xu)保(bao)證加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度，這樣才能保(bao)證組裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)組裝精度在允許的(de)誤差范圍內。

3、組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)：為保證組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的精度和操作(zuo)的熟練程度，每(mei)一組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)線都(dou)要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)合理安(an)排，其基本(ben)過(guo)程是(shi)先裝(zhuang)(zhuang)框架再(zai)(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)細節(jie)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)好后再(zai)(zai)對不合理的地方進(jin)(jin)行(xing)修整。

4、涂(tu)裝：涂(tu)裝是(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)機械產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的表面(mian)制造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)中的一個重要環節。防(fang)銹、防(fang)蝕(shi)涂(tu)裝質(zhi)量是(shi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)全面(mian)質(zhi)量的重要方(fang)面(mian)之一。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)外觀質(zhi)量不僅反映(ying)了(le)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)防(fang)護(hu)、裝飾(shi)性能 , 而且也是(shi)構成產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)價值的重要因素。

5、包裝：從油漆線下來的(de)產(chan)品進(jin)行(xing)整體包裝，注意保(bao)護邊(bian)角(jiao)，并(bing)按(an)客戶(hu)要求作好嘜頭。