自己組裝電腦配件清單
1、主板
主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上承載著CPU(即(ji)中央處(chu)理器)、內存(隨(sui)機(ji)存取存儲器)和為(wei)擴展卡(ka)提供(gong)的(de)插槽(可是(shi)CPU和內存并不是(shi)集成(cheng)在(zai)主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上,不是(shi)主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)附件,本身也屬于電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)硬件)主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),又(you)叫主(zhu)機(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(mainboard)、系(xi)(xi)統板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(systemboard)或(huo)母板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(motherboard);它安裝在(zai)機(ji)箱內,是(shi)微機(ji)最基本的(de)也是(shi)最重要的(de)部件之一(yi)。主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)一(yi)般為(wei)矩形電(dian)(dian)路板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),上面安裝了組成(cheng)計(ji)算機(ji)的(de)主(zhu)要電(dian)(dian)路系(xi)(xi)統,一(yi)般有BIOS芯片(pian)(pian)、I/O控(kong)制(zhi)芯片(pian)(pian)、鍵盤和面板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)控(kong)制(zhi)開關接(jie)(jie)口、指示燈插接(jie)(jie)件、擴充插槽、主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)及插卡(ka)的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)源供(gong)電(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)插件等元件。
2、顯卡
顯(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka)全稱(cheng)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)口卡(ka)(ka)(Video card,Graphics card),又稱(cheng)為(wei)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)適配器(qi)(Video adapter),顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)配置卡(ka)(ka)簡稱(cheng)為(wei)顯(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka),是(shi)個人(ren)電腦(nao)最基本組成部(bu)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一。顯(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka)的(de)用(yong)途是(shi)將計算機系(xi)統(tong)所需要的(de)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)息(xi)進行(xing)轉換驅動,并向顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)提供行(xing)掃描信(xin)號,控(kong)制顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)的(de)正(zheng)確(que)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)連接(jie)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)和個人(ren)電腦(nao)主板的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要元件(jian),是(shi)“人(ren)機對(dui)話”的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要設(she)備之(zhi)一。顯(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka)作為(wei)電腦(nao)主機里的(de)一個重(zhong)(zhong)要組成部(bu)分(fen)(fen),承擔(dan)輸出顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖形的(de)任務,對(dui)于從事專業圖形設(she)計的(de)人(ren)來說顯(xian)(xian)卡(ka)(ka)非常重(zhong)(zhong)要。
3、CPU
中央處理器(qi)(英文Central Processing Unit,CPU)是(shi)一臺計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機的(de)運算(suan)(suan)(suan)核心(xin)和(he)控(kong)制核心(xin)。CPU、內部(bu)存(cun)(cun)儲器(qi)和(he)輸(shu)入(ru)/輸(shu)出設備是(shi)電子計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機三大核心(xin)部(bu)件。其功能主要是(shi)解(jie)釋計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機指令(ling)以(yi)及處理計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機軟件中的(de)數(shu)據。CPU由運算(suan)(suan)(suan)器(qi)、控(kong)制器(qi)和(he)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi)及實現(xian)它們之間(jian)聯系(xi)的(de)數(shu)據、控(kong)制及狀態的(de)總線構成。差不多(duo)所有的(de)CPU的(de)運作原理可分(fen)為四個(ge)階段:提取(qu)(Fetch)、解(jie)碼(ma)(Decode)、執行(Execute)和(he)寫回(Writeback)。CPU從存(cun)(cun)儲器(qi)或(huo)高速緩(huan)沖存(cun)(cun)儲器(qi)中取(qu)出指令(ling),放入(ru)指令(ling)寄(ji)存(cun)(cun)器(qi),并對(dui)指令(ling)譯碼(ma),并執行指令(ling)。所謂的(de)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機的(de)可編(bian)程性主要是(shi)指對(dui)CPU的(de)編(bian)程。
4、內存
組裝電腦需要(yao)哪些配件(jian)?內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必不(bu)可少的(de),內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)重要(yao)的(de)部件(jian)之一,它是(shi)(shi)(shi)與CPU進(jin)行溝通(tong)的(de)橋梁。計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)所有程序(xu)的(de)運(yun)行都是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行的(de),因此(ci)內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)性(xing)能對計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)非(fei)常大。內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(Memory)也被稱為內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)儲器,其作用是(shi)(shi)(shi)用于(yu)暫時存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)放CPU中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)運(yun)算(suan)(suan)數(shu)據(ju),以及與硬盤等外部存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)儲器交換(huan)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)。只要(yao)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)在(zai)運(yun)行中(zhong)(zhong),CPU就會把需要(yao)運(yun)算(suan)(suan)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)調到內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行運(yun)算(suan)(suan),當(dang)運(yun)算(suan)(suan)完成后CPU再將結果傳送出來,內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)運(yun)行也決定(ding)了計(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)機(ji)的(de)穩定(ding)運(yun)行。內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由內存(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)芯(xin)片、電路(lu)板、金手指(zhi)等部分組成的(de)。
5、硬盤
硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan)(港臺稱之為硬(ying)碟,英文(wen)名:Hard Disc Drive簡(jian)稱HDD全名溫徹斯(si)特(te)式硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan))是電腦主(zhu)要的(de)存儲(chu)媒介之一,由(you)一個或(huo)者多個鋁(lv)制或(huo)者玻璃制的(de)碟片組(zu)成。這些碟片外覆蓋(gai)有鐵磁性材料。絕大多數硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan)都是固(gu)定硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan),被永久性地密封固(gu)定在硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan)驅動器中。
6、機箱
機箱作為電腦配件中的一部分,它起的主要作用是放置和固定各電腦配件,起到一個承托和保護作用,此外,電腦機箱具有電磁輻射的屏蔽的重要作用,由于機箱不像CPU、顯卡、主板等配件能迅速提高整機性能,所以在DIY中一直不被列為重點考慮對象。但是機箱也并不是好無作用,一些用戶買了雜牌機箱后,因為主板和機箱形成回路,導致短路,使系統變得很不穩定。為了更好的質量和使用壽命,建議大家選購十大(da)組裝電腦(nao)品牌店的產品。
7、電源
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)power source電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的裝置。臺式機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是把220V交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),轉換(huan)成直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),并(bing)專(zhuan)門為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦配件(jian)如主板、驅動器、顯卡等供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的設備。臺式機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦各(ge)部件(jian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的樞紐,是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的重要組成部分。目前(qian)PC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)大都是開關型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。
8、散熱器
散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)器是(shi)用來傳(chuan)導、釋(shi)放(fang)熱(re)(re)(re)量的一系列(lie)裝置(zhi)的統稱。目前散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)器主要有采暖(nuan)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)器、計算機(ji)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)器,其中(zhong)采散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)器又可(ke)根據材質和(he)工作模式分為若干種,計算機(ji)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)器可(ke)根據用途(tu)和(he)安(an)裝方法分為若干種。
9、光驅
光(guang)驅是在臺式機和筆(bi)記本便(bian)攜式電腦里的(de)一個部件(jian)。隨著多媒(mei)體的(de)應用越來越廣(guang)泛,使(shi)得光(guang)驅在計算機諸多配(pei)件(jian)中(zhong)已經(jing)成為(wei)標準配(pei)置(zhi)。目前,光(guang)驅可分為(wei)CD-ROM驅動器、DVD光(guang)驅(DVD-ROM)、康寶(COMBO)和刻錄機等。
10、顯示器
顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器分普(pu)通(tong)LED、IPS廣(guang)視(shi)角,顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器是(shi)用(yong)戶與電(dian)腦進行交流的(de)必不可少的(de)設(she)備(bei),顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器到目前為止概念上還沒有統(tong)一(yi)的(de)說(shuo)法,但對其認識卻(que)大都相同(tong),顧名思義(yi),它應該是(shi)將一(yi)定(ding)的(de)電(dian)子文件通(tong)過特(te)定(ding)的(de)傳輸設(she)備(bei)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)到屏幕上再反(fan)射到人眼的(de)一(yi)種顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)工具。
11、鼠標
鼠標(biao)(biao)是(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算機輸入設備的(de)簡(jian)(jian)稱,分有線和無線兩種。也是(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算機顯示(shi)系(xi)統(tong)縱橫坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)定位(wei)的(de)指示(shi)器,因形似老鼠而得名“鼠標(biao)(biao)”(港(gang)臺作滑鼠)。“鼠標(biao)(biao)”的(de)標(biao)(biao)準稱呼應該是(shi)(shi)“鼠標(biao)(biao)器”,英(ying)文名“Mouse”。鼠標(biao)(biao)的(de)使用(yong)是(shi)(shi)為了(le)使計(ji)(ji)(ji)算機的(de)操(cao)作更加簡(jian)(jian)便(bian),來代替鍵盤那(nei)繁(fan)瑣的(de)指令。
12、鍵盤
鍵(jian)盤用于操作設(she)備運行的(de)一種指(zhi)令(ling)和數據輸入裝置。也指(zhi)經過系(xi)統安排操作一臺機器或設(she)備的(de)一組功能鍵(jian)(如打字機、電腦鍵(jian)盤)。
13、聲卡
聲卡(ka)(Sound Card)也叫音(yin)頻(pin)卡(ka)(港臺(tai)稱之為(wei)聲效卡(ka)):聲卡(ka)是(shi)多媒(mei)體(ti)技術中最基(ji)本的組成部分,是(shi)實現聲波/數字信號(hao)(hao)相互轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的一種硬件。聲卡(ka)的基(ji)本功(gong)能是(shi)把來(lai)自話筒(tong)、磁帶、光盤(pan)的原(yuan)始聲音(yin)信號(hao)(hao)加(jia)以轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan),輸出到耳機(ji)、揚(yang)聲器、擴音(yin)機(ji)、錄音(yin)機(ji)等聲響(xiang)設備,或通過音(yin)樂(le)設備數字接(jie)口(MIDI)使(shi)樂(le)器發出美(mei)妙的聲音(yin)。