一、什么是集中供暖
在(zai)寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)冬季,北(bei)(bei)方的(de)(de)城(cheng)市會(hui)采取集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)形式(shi)(shi)為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)采暖(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan),實際上是集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)式(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)一種形式(shi)(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)企業劃分片區,施工鋪管(guan)(guan)至每家每戶,業主(zhu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)在(zai)規定(ding)(ding)時間(jian)到(dao)指定(ding)(ding)地點繳費(fei),然后由(you)單位(wei)安排試壓,等氣(qi)溫降(jiang)下來以后,統一供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan);一般供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)溫度是設定(ding)(ding)好(hao)的(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)(guan)是否需(xu)(xu)要(yao),都是全(quan)天供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de)(de),若業主(zhu)發(fa)現室內溫度達不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)標準,可申請退款。集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要(yao)采用地暖(nuan)(nuan)形式(shi)(shi),存在(zai)管(guan)(guan)網熱(re)損(sun)失、管(guan)(guan)路輸(shu)送能耗、初期建(jian)設成本高等不(bu)(bu)(bu)利因(yin)素,且(qie)由(you)于建(jian)設或運行管(guan)(guan)理水平原因(yin)會(hui)造(zao)成冷(leng)熱(re)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均的(de)(de)情況,但(dan)從大環境講,對北(bei)(bei)方地區來說,天氣(qi)比(bi)較冷(leng),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)時間(jian)長(chang),集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)是比(bi)較經濟(ji)節(jie)能、安全(quan)環保的(de)(de)采暖(nuan)(nuan)系統形式(shi)(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著(zhu)人(ren)們生活質量及知識(shi)水平的提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao),人(ren)們的節能(neng)環保意識(shi)不斷提(ti)(ti)升,為了提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)資源的利(li)用(yong)(yong)率,減(jian)少污染排(pai)放(fang),需要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格要(yao)(yao)(yao)求供熱(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)各個環節。供熱(re)(re)采暖系(xi)(xi)統(tong)節能(neng)的主要(yao)(yao)(yao)途徑和措施有:1、熱(re)(re)源方(fang)面(mian):選(xuan)擇合適的鍋(guo)爐(lu)設(she)備、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)操作技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、運(yun)用(yong)(yong)新的節能(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)網方(fang)面(mian):采用(yong)(yong)平衡(heng)調節技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、聚氨酯保溫直埋技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),實(shi)現熱(re)(re)力(li)管(guan)網的水力(li)平衡(heng),減(jian)少供熱(re)(re)管(guan)道的熱(re)(re)損(sun)耗(hao)(hao),加強(qiang)供熱(re)(re)能(neng)耗(hao)(hao)全程監測,定(ding)期維護管(guan)理供熱(re)(re)設(she)備。3、熱(re)(re)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)方(fang)面(mian):讓用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)逐漸(jian)樹立良好的觀念,做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)經濟(ji)取暖;推(tui)廣分戶(hu)雙管(guan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),實(shi)施熱(re)(re)表到(dao)(dao)戶(hu)、計(ji)量收(shou)費;加強(qiang)節能(neng)培訓工作力(li)度(du),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)節能(neng)減(jian)耗(hao)(hao)意識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采(cai)暖(nuan)是按(an)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)收費(fei)(fei)的(de),一般以房(fang)屋所(suo)有(you)權(quan)證標明的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為準,對未列入(ru)房(fang)屋所(suo)有(you)權(quan)證的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(贈(zeng)送面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji))部(bu)分,有(you)供暖(nuan)設(she)施的(de)應予(yu)收費(fei)(fei),無供暖(nuan)設(she)施的(de)不予(yu)收費(fei)(fei),公攤面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)屬于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)部(bu)分,因此也(ye)要收費(fei)(fei),具(ju)體的(de)收費(fei)(fei)標準是:室(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在2.2米(含(han)(han)2.2米)以下(xia)的(de),按(an)房(fang)屋套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)60%收費(fei)(fei);室(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在2.2米以上,2.7米(含(han)(han)2.7米)以下(xia)的(de),按(an)房(fang)屋套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)90%收費(fei)(fei);室(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在2.7米以上,按(an)房(fang)屋實際套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)收費(fei)(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。