一、什么是電磁閥
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備,是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件,屬于執行器,并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以配合(he)不(bu)同的(de)(de)電路(lu)來實(shi)現預(yu)期的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制,而(er)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)精度和(he)靈(ling)活(huo)性都能(neng)夠保證。
二、電磁閥工作原理
電(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)里有密閉的(de)(de)腔,在不(bu)同(tong)位置(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)有通孔(kong),每(mei)個孔(kong)連接不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)管(guan),腔中間是(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai),兩面(mian)是(shi)兩塊電(dian)磁(ci)鐵,哪(na)面(mian)的(de)(de)磁(ci)鐵線(xian)圈通電(dian)閥(fa)體就會被吸引到(dao)哪(na)邊,通過(guo)控制閥(fa)體的(de)(de)移動(dong)(dong)來開(kai)(kai)啟或(huo)關(guan)閉不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)排油(you)(you)(you)孔(kong),而進(jin)油(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)是(shi)常(chang)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de),液壓油(you)(you)(you)就會進(jin)入不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)排油(you)(you)(you)管(guan),然后通過(guo)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)壓力來推動(dong)(dong)油(you)(you)(you)缸的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai),活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)又帶動(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿,活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿帶動(dong)(dong)機械(xie)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。這樣(yang)通過(guo)控制電(dian)磁(ci)鐵的(de)(de)電(dian)流通斷就控制了機械(xie)運動(dong)(dong)。
三、電磁閥有幾種類型
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
(1)直動式電磁閥
原理:通電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁線(xian)圈產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力把關閉(bi)件(jian)從閥座上(shang)提起(qi),閥門(men)打開;斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力消失,彈(dan)簧把關閉(bi)件(jian)壓在閥座上(shang),閥門(men)關閉(bi)。
特(te)點:在真空、負壓、零壓時能正常(chang)工作,但通徑一般不超過(guo)25mm。
(2)分步直動式電磁閥
原理:它是一種直動和(he)(he)先導(dao)式相(xiang)結合的原理,當入口與(yu)出口沒有(you)壓(ya)(ya)差時(shi),通電(dian)(dian)后,電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)直接把(ba)先導(dao)小閥和(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)閥關閉(bi)件依次(ci)向上(shang)(shang)提起,閥門(men)(men)打開(kai)。當入口與(yu)出口達到啟(qi)動壓(ya)(ya)差時(shi),通電(dian)(dian)后,電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)先導(dao)小閥,主(zhu)(zhu)閥下(xia)(xia)腔壓(ya)(ya)力(li)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng),上(shang)(shang)腔壓(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang),從而(er)利用壓(ya)(ya)差把(ba)主(zhu)(zhu)閥向上(shang)(shang)推開(kai);斷電(dian)(dian)時(shi),先導(dao)閥利用彈簧力(li)或介(jie)質壓(ya)(ya)力(li)推動關閉(bi)件,向下(xia)(xia)移(yi)動,使閥門(men)(men)關閉(bi)。
特點(dian):在零(ling)壓差或真(zhen)空、高(gao)壓時亦能可動作,但功(gong)率較大,要求必須水平安裝。
(3)先導式電磁閥
原理:通電時,電磁(ci)力(li)(li)把先導孔(kong)打(da)開,上(shang)腔(qiang)室(shi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)迅速(su)下(xia)降(jiang),在(zai)關(guan)(guan)(guan) 閉件(jian)周圍(wei)形成上(shang)低(di)下(xia)高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)差(cha),流體壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)推動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉件(jian)向上(shang)移動(dong),閥(fa)門打(da)開;斷電時,彈簧力(li)(li)把先導孔(kong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉,入口壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)通過旁通孔(kong)迅速(su)腔(qiang)室(shi)在(zai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閥(fa)件(jian)周圍(wei)形成下(xia)低(di)上(shang)高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)差(cha),流體壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)推動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉件(jian)向下(xia)移動(dong),關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉閥(fa)門。
特點:流體壓(ya)力(li)范圍上(shang)限(xian)較(jiao)高,可任意安裝(需定制)但必須滿(man)足流體壓(ya)差條(tiao)件。
2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別,分為六個分支小類:直動膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)、分步直動膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)、先導膜(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)、直動活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)、分步直動活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)、先導活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)結構(gou)。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃(ran)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、消(xiao)防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、常(chang)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。