一、什么是電磁閥
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備,是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件,屬于執行器,并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以配合不同的電(dian)路來實(shi)現預期(qi)的控(kong)制,而控(kong)制的精度和(he)靈(ling)活性都能夠保證。
二、電磁閥工作原理
電(dian)磁閥里有(you)(you)密(mi)閉(bi)的腔,在(zai)不同(tong)位置(zhi)開有(you)(you)通(tong)孔(kong),每個孔(kong)連接不同(tong)的油(you)管(guan),腔中(zhong)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)活(huo)塞(sai),兩(liang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)塊電(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie),哪面(mian)的磁鐵(tie)(tie)線圈通(tong)電(dian)閥體(ti)就(jiu)會被吸引(yin)到哪邊,通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)閥體(ti)的移動(dong)來(lai)開啟或(huo)關閉(bi)不同(tong)的排油(you)孔(kong),而進油(you)孔(kong)是(shi)(shi)常開的,液壓(ya)油(you)就(jiu)會進入不同(tong)的排油(you)管(guan),然(ran)后通(tong)過油(you)的壓(ya)力來(lai)推動(dong)油(you)缸的活(huo)塞(sai),活(huo)塞(sai)又帶動(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan),活(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)帶動(dong)機(ji)械裝置(zhi)。這樣通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie)的電(dian)流通(tong)斷就(jiu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)了機(ji)械運動(dong)。
三、電磁閥有幾種類型
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
(1)直動式電磁閥
原理(li):通電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)磁(ci)線圈(quan)產生電(dian)磁(ci)力把關閉(bi)件從閥座(zuo)上提起,閥門打開;斷電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)磁(ci)力消失(shi),彈簧把關閉(bi)件壓在閥座(zuo)上,閥門關閉(bi)。
特(te)點(dian):在(zai)真空、負壓、零壓時能(neng)正常(chang)工作,但通徑(jing)一般(ban)不(bu)超過(guo)25mm。
(2)分步直動式電磁閥
原理:它是一種直動(dong)和先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)式相結合(he)的(de)原理,當(dang)入(ru)口與出口沒有壓(ya)差時,通電(dian)后,電(dian)磁力(li)直接把先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)小閥(fa)和主閥(fa)關閉(bi)件(jian)依次(ci)向(xiang)上提(ti)起,閥(fa)門(men)打開(kai)。當(dang)入(ru)口與出口達到啟動(dong)壓(ya)差時,通電(dian)后,電(dian)磁力(li)先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)小閥(fa),主閥(fa)下(xia)(xia)腔(qiang)壓(ya)力(li)上升,上腔(qiang)壓(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)降,從而利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)差把主閥(fa)向(xiang)上推開(kai);斷電(dian)時,先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)閥(fa)利(li)用(yong)彈簧力(li)或介(jie)質(zhi)壓(ya)力(li)推動(dong)關閉(bi)件(jian),向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)移動(dong),使閥(fa)門(men)關閉(bi)。
特點:在零壓差或真空、高壓時亦(yi)能可動作(zuo),但功率較(jiao)大(da),要求必須水(shui)平安裝。
(3)先導式電磁閥
原理:通(tong)電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)磁力把(ba)先導(dao)孔(kong)打開,上(shang)腔室壓(ya)力迅(xun)速下(xia)(xia)降,在(zai)(zai)關 閉件周圍形成上(shang)低(di)下(xia)(xia)高(gao)(gao)的(de)壓(ya)差,流體壓(ya)力推(tui)動關閉件向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)移動,閥門打開;斷(duan)電(dian)時(shi),彈簧力把(ba)先導(dao)孔(kong)關閉,入口壓(ya)力通(tong)過(guo)旁通(tong)孔(kong)迅(xun)速腔室在(zai)(zai)關閥件周圍形成下(xia)(xia)低(di)上(shang)高(gao)(gao)的(de)壓(ya)差,流體壓(ya)力推(tui)動關閉件向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)移動,關閉閥門。
特點:流體壓力范圍上(shang)限較高,可任意安裝(需定(ding)制)但必須滿足流體壓差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別,分為六個分支小類:直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)膜片(pian)結(jie)(jie)構、分(fen)步直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)膜片(pian)結(jie)(jie)構、先導(dao)膜片(pian)結(jie)(jie)構、直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)活塞結(jie)(jie)構、分(fen)步直(zhi)動(dong)(dong)活塞結(jie)(jie)構、先導(dao)活塞結(jie)(jie)構。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、液壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、油(you)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。