變壓器的原理
變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)原理(li)并不復雜,它利用了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感應原理(li)。當其中一塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)有一些不定量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)過,便會產(chan)生(sheng)變動(dong)的(de)(de)磁(ci)場(chang)。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)互感原理(li),這變動(dong)的(de)(de)磁(ci)場(chang)會使(shi)第二(er)塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。假如第二(er)塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是一條(tiao)閉合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)一部份,那么該閉合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路便會產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)于是得以(yi)傳送。在通(tong)用的(de)(de)變壓(ya)(ya)器中,有關的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)組(zu)成線(xian)圈(quan)(quan),因為線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)磁(ci)場(chang)要比(bi)一條(tiao)筆直的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)大得多。當初級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中通(tong)有交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時,鐵芯中便產(chan)生(sheng)交(jiao)流(liu)磁(ci)通(tong),使(shi)次級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中感應出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。初級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、次級(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)VS,VP和兩者的(de)(de)繞線(xian)的(de)(de)匝數NS,NP之間有正(zheng)比(bi)的(de)(de)關系。
至于變壓器兩方之間的電流或電壓比例,則取決于兩方電路線圈的圈數。圈數較多的一方電壓較高但電流較小,反之亦然。如果撇除泄漏等因素,變壓器兩方的電壓比例相等于兩方的線圈圈數比例,亦即電壓與圈數成正比。因此可以減小或者增加原線圈和副線圈的匝數比,從而升高或者降低電壓,變壓器品牌產品的這(zhe)(zhe)個性(xing)質(zhi)使它成為轉換電(dian)壓(ya)的重要(yao)設備(bei)。由于變(bian)壓(ya)器遵守這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)條定律,它不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)是放大器。如果處在變(bian)壓(ya)器兩(liang)(liang)方(fang)的電(dian)壓(ya)有所不(bu)(bu)同,那(nei)么流經變(bian)壓(ya)器兩(liang)(liang)方(fang)的電(dian)流也會(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)同,而兩(liang)(liang)者的差距則成反比。
干式變壓器和油浸式變壓器的區別
干式(shi)變壓(ya)器能直接看到鐵芯(xin)和線圈,大多使用硅橡膠(jiao)套(tao)管(guan),適用于配電(dian)用,容量大都在(zai)1600KVA以下,電(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)10KV以下,也(ye)有個別做(zuo)(zuo)到35KV電(dian)壓(ya)等級的。油式(shi)變壓(ya)器只(zhi)能看到變壓(ya)器的外(wai)殼,大部(bu)分使用瓷(ci)套(tao)管(guan),可用于高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)路,可以從(cong)小到大做(zuo)(zuo)到全部(bu)容量,電(dian)壓(ya)等級也(ye)做(zuo)(zuo)到了所有電(dian)壓(ya)。
變壓器的等級怎么劃分
變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)電壓(ya)等(deng)級是(shi)固(gu)定的(de),常(chang)見的(de)有1000KV、750KV、500KV、330KV、220KV、110KV、66KV、35KV、20KV、10KV、6KV等(deng)等(deng)。變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)等(deng)級按照R10優先系數來計算的(de),可分為(wei)小型變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)、中型變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)、大型變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)、特(te)大型變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)這四(si)個等(deng)級。